Escape in Space and Time — Concluding Remarks

Abstract

Migration and diapause are two important strategies for escape in space and time, and various aspects have been well reviewed in the preceding papers. In our discussions we have emphasized habitat unfavorability in terms of food shortage or climatic extremes: the relationship of migration to habitats that are only temporarily favorable in this respect, originally proposed at the 1960 International Congress, now seems well established. Habitats may also become unfavorable because of the development of populations of natural enemies: this is an aspect we have excluded from our consideration. Long-lived reproductives may distribute their progeny within an essentially permanent habitat in different places at different times as a means of escape from natural enemies, e.g., Heliconius. Indeed this is one of the reproductive strategies of a K-species (Southwood and Comins, 1976).