Abstract
Studies on the photochemistry and photobiology of viruses have paralleled studies on their structure, replication, and genetic organization. Nonionizing radiation, because of its relative specificity of action, has served as a dissecting tool in many types of investigations.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- RNA:
-
ribonucleic acid
- PVX:
-
potato virus X
- RSV:
-
rous sarcoma virus
- TMV:
-
tobacco mosaic virus
- TNV:
-
tobacco necrosis virus
- TRV:
-
tobacco rattle virus
- VSV:
-
vesicular stomatitis virus
- UV:
-
ultraviolet radiation
- DI:
-
defective interfering
References
Abraham, G., and Banerjee, A. K., 1976, Sequential transcription of the genes of vesicular stomatitis virus, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73:1504.
Adman, E., Gordon, M. P., and Jensen, L. H., 1968, Structure of the cis-syn-photodimer of uracil: A puckered cyclobutane, Chem. Commun. 1968:1019.
Alper, T., Haig, D. A., and Clarke, M. C., 1966, The exceptionally small size of the scrapie agent, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 22:278.
Augenstein, L., and Riley, P., 1964, The inactivation of enzymes by ultraviolet light. IV. The nature and involvement of cystine disruption, Photochem. Photobiol. 3:353.
Bader, J. P., 1975, Reproduction of RNA tumor viruses, in: Comprehensive Virology, Vol. 4 (H. Fraenkel-Conrat and R. R. Wagner, eds.), p. 253, Plenum Press, New York.
Ball, L. A., 1977, Transcriptional mapping of vesicular stomatitis virus in vivo, J. Virol. 21:411.
Ball, L. A., and White, C. N., 1976, Order of transcription of genes of vesicular stomatitis virus, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73:442.
Basilico, C., and DiMayorca, G., 1965, Radiation target size of the lytic and the transforming ability of polyoma virus, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 54:125.
Battula, N., and Loeb, L. A., 1974, The infidelity of avian myoblastosis virus deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase in polynucleotide replication, J. Biol. Chem. 249:4086.
Baugher, J. F., and Grossweiner, L. I., 1975, Ultraviolet inactivation of papain, Photochem. Photobiol. 22:163.
Bawden, F. C., and Harrison, B. D., 1955, Studies on the multiplication of tobacco necrosis virus in inoculated leaves of French bean plants, J. Gen. Microbiol. 13:494.
Bawden, F. C., and Kleczkowski, A., 1953, The behaviour of some plant viruses after exposure to ultraviolet radiation, J. Gen. Microbiol. 8:145.
Bawden, F. C., and Kleczkowski, A., 1955, Studies of the ability of light to counteract the inactivating action of ultraviolet radiation on plant viruses, J. Gen. Microbiol. 13:370.
Bawden, F. C., and Kleczkowski, A., 1959, Photoreactivation of nucleic acid from tobacco mosaic virus, Nature (London) 183:503.
Bawden, F. C., and Kleczkowski, A., 1960, Some effects of ultraviolet radiation on the infection of Nicotiana glutinosa leaves by tobacco mosaic virus, Virology 10:163.
Baxt, B., and Bablanian, R., 1976, Mechanism of vesicular stomatitis virus-induced cytopathic effects. I. Early morphologic changes induced by infectious and defective-interfering particles, Virology 72:370.
Becarevic, A., Djordjević, B., and Šutic, D., 1963, Effect of ultra-violet light on tobacco mosaic virus containing 5-fluorouracil, Nature (London) 198:612.
Benjamin, T. L., 1965, Relative target size for the inactivation of the transforming and reproductive abilities of polyoma virus, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 54:121.
Bishop, J. M., Quintrell, N., and Koch, G., 1967, Poliovirus double-stranded RNA: Inactivation by ultraviolet light, J. Mol. Biol. 24:125.
Bister, K., Varmus, H., Starmezer, E., Hunter, E., and Vogt, P. K., 1977, Biological and biochemical studies on the inactivation of avian oncovirus by ultraviolet irradiation, Virology 77:688.
Boedtker, H., 1960, Configurational properties of tobacco mosaic virus ribonucleic acid, J. Mol. Biol. 2: 171.
Breck, L. O., 1971, The photochemistry of potato virus X, its ribonucleic acid, and a hybrid virus assembled from tobacco mosaic virus protein and PVX-RNA, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Washington, Seattle.
Breck, L. O., and Gordon, M. P., 1970, Formation, characterization, and some photochemical properties of a hybrid plant virus, Virology 40:397.
Bruening, G., Beachy, R. N., Scalla, R., and Zaitlin, M., 1976, In vitro and in vivo translation of the ribonucleic acids of a cowpea strain of tobacco mosaic virus, Virology 71:498.
Carpenter, J. M., and Kleczkowski, A., 1969, The absence of photoreversible pyri-midine dimers in the RNA of ultraviolet-irradiated tobacco mosaic virus, Virology 39:542.
Cerutti, P. A., Miller, N., Pleiss, M. G., Remsen, J. F., and Ramsey, W. J., 1969, Photohydration of uridine in the RNA of coliphage R17. I. Reduction assay for uridine photohydration, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 64:731.
Challand, B. D., and DeMayo, P., 1968, Solvent effects on the stereochemistry of a photocycloaddition, Chem. Commun. 1968:982.
Charlier, M., and Helene, C., 1972, Photochemical reactions of aromatic ketones with nucleic acids and their components. I. Purine and pyrimidine bases and nucleosides, Photochem. Photobiol. 15:71.
Charlier, M., Heléne, C., and Carrier, W. L., 1972, Photochemical reactions of aromatic ketones with nucleic acids and their components. III. Chain breakage and thymine dimerization in benzophenone photosensitized DNA, Photochem. Photobiol. 15:527.
Chen, J., Huang, C. W., Hinman, L., Gordon, M. P., and Deranleau, D. A., 1976, Photomonomerization of pyrimidine dimers by indoles and proteins, J. Theor. Biol. 62:53.
Chessin, M., 1965, Photoreactivation of clover yellow mosaic virus, Photochem. Photobiol. 4:709.
Chumakov, K. M., and Agol, V. I., 1976, A study on the infectivity of encephalomyocarditis virus double-stranded RNA with selectively inactivated strands, Virology 73:528.
Cooper, P. D., 1977, Genetics of Picornaviruses, in: Comprehensive Virology, Vol. 9 (H. Fraenkel-Conrat and R. R. Wagner, eds.), p. 133, Plenum Press, New York.
Cooper, P. D., Steiner-Pryor, A., Scotti, P. D., and Delong, D., 1974, On the nature of poliovirus genetic recombinants, J. Gen. Virol. 23:41.
DeBoer, G., Pearson, M. L., and Johns, H. E., 1967, Ultraviolet photoproducts in ordered structures of poly U and their effects on secondary structure, J. Mol. Biol. 27:131.
DeBoer, G., Klinghoffer, O., and Johns, H. E., 1970, Reversal mechanisms for the photohydrates of cytosine derivatives, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 213:253.
Deutsch, V., 1975, Nongenetic complementation of group V temperature-sensitive mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus by UV-irradiated virus, J. Virol. 15:798.
Deutsch, V., 1976, Parental G protein reincorporation by a vesicular stomatitis virus temperature-sensitive mutant of complementation group V at nonpermissive temperature, Virology 69:607.
Deutsch, V., Muel, B., and Brun, G., 1977, Action spectra for the rescue of temperature-sensitive mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus by ultraviolet-irradiated virions at nonpermissive temperature, Virology 77:294.
Diener, T. O., and Hadidi, A., 1977, Viroids, in: Comprehensive Virology, Vol. 11 (H. Fraenkel-Conrat and R. R. Wagner, eds.), pp. 285, Plenum Press, New York.
Diener, T. O., Schneider, I. R., and Smith, D. R., 1974, Potato spindle tuber viroid. XI. A comparison of the ultraviolet light sensitivities of PSTV, tobacco ringspot virus, and its satellite, Virology 57:577.
Diner, J., and Murphy, T. M., 1973, Ultraviolet irradiation: Does RNA photoreactivation protect the leaf? Photochem. Photobiol. 18:429.
Domingo, E., Sabo, D., Taniguchi, T., and Weissmann, C., 1978, Nucleotide sequence heterogeneity of an RNA phage population, Cell 13:735.
Drake, J. W., 1958, Interference and multiplicity reactivation in polioviruses, Virology 6:244.
Dubovi, E. J., and Youngner, J. S., 1976, Inhibition of Pseudorabies virus replication by vesicular stomatitis virus. I. Activity of infectious and inactivated B particles, J. Virol. 18:526.
Eggers, H. J., Ikegami, N., and Tamm, I., 1965, The development of ultraviolet-irradiation resistance by poliovirus infective centers and its inhibition by guanidine, Virology 25:475.
Ehrenfeld, E., and Hunt, T., 1971, Double-stranded poliovirus RNA inhibits initiation of protein synthesis by reticulocyte lysates, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 68:1075.
Eoyang, L., and August, J. T., 1974, Reproduction of RNA bacteriophages, in: Comparative Virology, Vol. 2 (H. Fraenkel-Conrat and R. R. Wagner, eds.), p. 1, Plenum Press, New York.
Evans, N. A., and McLaren, A. D., 1968, Photochemistry of tobacco mosaic virus RNA, Photochem. Photobiol. 7:661.
Evans, N. A., and McLaren, A. D., 1969a, Quantum yields for the inactivation of tobacco mosaic virus ribonucleic acid by ultraviolet radiation (254 nm), J. Gen. Virol. 4:55.
Evans, N. A., and McLaren, A. D., 1969b, A kinetic isotope effect in the photoreactivation of uv-inactivated tobacco mosaic virus, Photochem. Photobiol. 9:243.
Fiers, W., 1979, Structure and function of RNA bacteriophages, in: Comprehensive Virology, Vol. 13 (H. Fraenkel-Conrat and R. R. Wagner, eds.), p. 69, Plenum Press, New York.
Fischbach, F. A., and Anderegg, V. W., 1976, Comparisons of the low resolution structure of several small RNA-containing viruses, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 432:404.
Francke, B., and Ray, D. S., 1972, Ultraviolet induced cross-links in the deoxyribonucleic acid of single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid viruses as a probe of deoxyribonucleic acid packaging, J. Virol. 9:1027.
Goddard, J., Streeter, D., Weber, C., and Gordon, M. P., 1966, Studies on the inactivation of tobacco mosaic virus by ultraviolet light. Photochem. Photobiol. 5:213.
Gordon, M. P., 1976, Role of protein in the inactivation of viruses by ultraviolet radiation, in: Aging, Carcinogenesis and Radiation Biology (Smith, K. C., ed.), p. 105, Plenum Press, New York.
Gordon, M. P., Huang, C. W., Hurter, J., and Murphy, T., 1971, Studies on the photoreactivation of ribonucleic acids, Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol. Fed. Proc. 30:1154 (Abs).
Gordon, M. P., Huang, C. W., and Hurter, J., 1976, Photochemistry and photobiology of ribonucleic acids, ribonucleoproteins and RNA viruses, in: Photochemistry and Photobiology of Nucleic Acids, Vol. 2 (S. Y. Wang, ed.), p. 265, Academic Press, New York.
Govier, D. A., and Kleczkowski, A., 1970, Inactivation by ultraviolet radiation at different wavelengths of the RNA isolated from potato virus X. Photochem. Photobiol. 12:345.
Green, A. E. S., Sawada, T., and Shettle, E. P., 1974, The middle ultraviolet reaching the ground, Photochem. Photobiol. 19:251.
Grossweiner, L. I., 1976, Photochemical inactivation of enzymes, Curr. Top. Radiat. Res. Q. 11:141.
Grossweiner, L. I., and Usui, Y., 1971, Flash photolysis and inactivation of aqueous lysozyme, Photochem. Photobiol. 13:195.
Grouse, L., Murphy, T. M., Gordon, M. P., and Smuckler, E. A., 1970, The photobiology of a spherical phenotypic hybrid to tobacco mosaic virus, Virology 41:385.
Harm, W., Harm, H., and Rupert, C. S., 1968, Analysis of photoenzymatic repair of UV lesions in DNA by single light flashes. II. In vivo studies with Escherichia coli cells and bacteriophage, Mutat. Res. 6:371.
Harrison, B. D., and Nixon, H. L., 1959, Some properties of infective preparations made by disrupting tobacco rattle virus with phenol, J. Gen. Microbiol. 21:591.
Hayashi, T., Machida, H., Abe, T., and Kiho, Y., 1969, In vivo uncoating of tobacco mosaic virus irradiated with ultraviolet light, Jpn. J. Microbiol. 13:386.
Hearst, J. E., and Thiry, L., 1977, The photoinactivation of an RNA animal virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, with the aid of newly synthesized psoralen derivatives, Nucleic Acids Res. 4:1339.
Helene, C., and Charlier, M., 1971, Photosensitized splitting of pyrimidine dimers by indole derivatives, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 43:252.
Helentjaris, T., and Ehrenfeld, E., 1977, Inhibition of host cell protein synthesis by UV-inactivated poliovirus, J. Virol. 21:259.
Herzog, M., Gerard, D., Hirth, L., and Laustriat, G., 1977, Natural fluorescence properties of brome mosaic virus protein, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 493:167.
Hidalgo-Salvatierra, O., and McLaren, A. D., 1969, Photoreactivation action spectrum of tobacco mosaic virus-ribonucleic acid inactivated by UV radiation, Photochem. Photobiol. 9:417.
Ho, P. P. K., and Washington, A. L., 1971, Evidence for a cellular ribonucleic acid synthesis inhibitor from poliovirus-infected HeLa cells, Biochemistry 10:3646.
Hollaender, A., and Duggar, B. M., 1936, Irradiation of plant viruses and of microorganisms with monochromatic light. III. Resistance of the virus of typical tobacco mosaic and Escherichia coli to radiation from 3000 to 2250 Å, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 22:19.
Holland, J. J., 1964, Inhibition of host cell macromolecular synthesis by high multiplicities of poliovirus under conditions preventing virus synthesis, J. Mol. Biol. 8:574.
Holland, J. J., Villarreal, L. P., and Breinal, M., 1976, Factors involved in the generation and replication of rhabdovirus defective T particles, J. Virol. 17:805.
Huang, A. S., and Wagner, R. R., 1965, Inhibition of cellular RNA synthesis by nonre-plicating vesicular stomatitis virus, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 54:1579.
Huang, C. W., and Gordon, M. P., 1972, Photoreactivation of tobacco mosaic virus and potato virus X ribonucleic acids inactivated by acetone-sensitized photoreac-tion, Photochem. Photobiol. 15:493.
Huang, C. W., and Gordon, M. P., 1974, The formation of photoreversible cyclobutane-type pyrimidine dimers in ultraviolet-irradiated potato virus X, Photochem. Photobiol. 19:269.
Hurter, J., Gordon, M. P., Kirwan, J. P., and McLaren, A. D., 1974, In vitro photoreactivation of ultraviolet-inactivated ribonuculeic acid from tobacco mosaic virus, Photochem. Photobiol. 19:185.
Isaacs, S. T., Shen, C. J., Hearst, J. E., and Rapoport, H., 1977, Synthesis and characterization of new psoralen derivatives with superior photoreactivity with DNA and RNA, Biochemistry 16:1058.
Jäckie, H., and Kalthoff, K., 1978, Photoreactivation of RNA in UV-irradiated insect eggs (Smittia sp., Chironomidae, Diptera) I. Photosensitized production and light-dependent disappearance of pyrimidine dimers, Photochem. Photobiol. 27:309.
Jagger, J., 1967, Introduction to Research in Ultraviolet Photobiology, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
Jellinek, T., and Johns, R. B., 1970, The mechanism of photochemical addition of cysteine to uracil and formation of dihydrouracil, Photochem. Photobiol. 11:349.
Jennings, B. H., Pastra-Landis, S., and Lerman, J. W., 1972, Photosensitized dimeriza-tion of uracil, Photochem. Photobiol. 15:479.
Johns, H. E., Pearson, M., and Brown, I. H., 1966, Mathematical aspects of the ultraviolet photochemistry of poly U, J. Mol Biol. 20:231.
Kacian, D. L., Mills, D. R., Kramer, F. R. and Spiegelman, S., 1972, A replicating RNA molecule suitable for a detailed analysis of extracellular evolution and replication, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 69:3038.
Kaluskar, A. G., and Grossweiner, L. I., 1974, Photochemical inactivation of trypsin, Photochem. Photobiol. 20:329.
Kaneko, M., Matsuyama, A., and Nagata, C., 1978, Tyrosine-sensitized photodimeri-zation of thymine in aqueous solution, Photochem. Photobiol. 27:359.
Kassanis, B., and Kleczkowski, A., 1965, Inactivation of a strain of tobacco necrosis virus and of the RNA isolated from it, by ultraviolet radiation of different wavelengths, Photochem. Photobiol. 4:209.
Katagiri, S., Hinuma, Y., and Ishida, N., 1967, Biophysical properties of poliovirus particles irradiated with ultraviolet light, Virology 32:337.
Kelloff, G., Aaronson, S. A., and Gilden, R. V., 1970, Inactivation of murine sarcoma and leukemia viruses by ultraviolet irradiation, Virology 42:1133.
Khattak, M. N., and Wang, S. Y., 1972, The photochemical mechanism of pyrimidine cyclobutyl dimerization, Tetrahedron 28:945.
Kleczkowski, A., 1954, Stability of chymotrypsin and tobacco mosaic virus decreased by ultraviolet radiation, Biochem. J. 56:345.
Kleczkowski, A., 1960, Effects of nonionizing radiation on plant viruses, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 83:661.
Kleczkowski, A., 1962, Destruction of the antigenicity in vitro of human serum albumin and of tobacco mosaic virus by ultraviolet radiation, Photochem. Photobiol. 1:291.
Kleczkowski, A., 1968, Dark reactivation of ultraviolet-irradiated tobacco necrosis virus, J. Gen. Virol. 3:19.
Kleczkowski, A., 1971, Photobiology of plant viruses, in: Photophysiology, Vol. 6 (A. C. Giese, ed.), pp. 179–208, Academic Press, New York.
Kleczkowski, A., and Govier, D. A., 1969, Action spectrum for inactivation of the infectivity of potato virus X by UV radiation, Photochem. Photobiol. 10:53.
Kleczkowski, A., and McLaren, A. D., 1967, Inactivation of infectivity of RNA of tobacco mosaic virus during ultraviolet-irradiation of the whole virus at two wavelengths, J. Gen. Virol. 1:441.
Kornhauser, A., 1976, UV induced DNA-protein cross-links in vitro and in vivo, Photochem. Photobiol. 23:457.
Kust, S. V., Dobrov, E. N., and Tikchonenko, T. I., 1972, RNA structure in potato virus X particles, Mol. Biol. 6:42.
Lamola, A. A., 1969, Specific formation of thymine dimers in DNA, Photochem. Photobiol. 9:291.
Latarjet, R., Muel, B., Haig, D. A., Clarke, M. C., and Alper, T., 1970, Inactivation of the scrapie agent by near monochromatic ultraviolet light, Nature (London) 227:1341.
Lauffer, M. A., and Stevens, C. L., 1968, Structure of the tobacco mosaic virus particle; Polymerization of tobacco mosaic virus protein, Adv. Virus Res. 13:1.
Laustriat, G., and Hasselmann, C., 1975, Photochemistry of proteins, Photochem. Photobiol. 22:295.
Lee, T. Y., and Fugate, R. D., 1978, Excited states of biomolecules. Photochem. Photobiol. 27:803.
Leibowitz, R., and Penman, S., 1971, Regulation of protein synthesis in HeLa cells. III. Inhibition during poliovirus infection, J. Virol. 8:661.
Lennox, E. S., Luria, S. E., and Benzer, S., 1954, On the mechanism of photoreactiva-tion of ultraviolet-inactivated bacteriophage, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 15:471.
Levinson, W., and Rubin, H., 1966, Radiation studies of avian tumor viruses and of Newcastle disease virus, Virology 28:533.
Levintow, L., and Bishop, J. M., 1970, Comparative aspects of poliovirus replication, J. Cell. Physiol. 76:265.
Logan, D. M., and Whitmore, G. F., 1966, Dehydration of UV irradiated uridine and its derivatives, Photochem. Photobiol. 5:143.
Lomont, A. J., and Fresco, J. R., 1972, Ultraviolet photochemistry as a probe of polynucleotide conformation, in: Progress in Nucleic Acid Research and Molecular Biology, Vol. 12 (J. N. Davidson and W. E. Cohn, eds.), p. 1, Academic Press, New York.
Lovinger, G. G., Ling, H. P., Gilden, R. V., and Hatanaka, M., 1975, Effect of UV light on RNA directed DNA polymerase activity of murine oncornaviruses, J. Virol. 15:1273.
Lozeron, H., 1964, Ultraviolet sensitization and photoreactivation of tobacco mosaic virus ribonucleic acid containing 5-fluorouracil, Ph.D. thesis, University of Washington, Seattle.
Lozeron, H. A., and Gordon, M. P., 1964, Ultraviolet sensitization and photoreactivation of tobacco mosaic virus ribonucleic acid containing 5-fluorouracil, Biochemistry 3:507.
Magne, A., Gerard, D., Hirth, L., and Laustriat, G., 1977, Fluorescence study of tobacco mosaic virus protein, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 495:189.
Marcus, P. I., and Sekellick, M. J., 1974, Cell killing by viruses, I. Comparison of cell-killing, plaque-forming and defective-interfering particles of vesicular stomatitis virus, Virology 57:321.
Marcus, P. I., and Sekellick, M. J., 1975, Cell killing by viruses. II. Cell killing by vesicular stomatitis virus: A requirement for virion-derived transcription, Virology 63:176.
Marcus, P. I., and Sekellick, M. J., 1976, Cell killing by viruses. III. The interferon system and inhibition of cell killing by vesicular stomatitis virus, Virology 69:378.
Marcus, P. I., Sekellick, M. J., Johnson, L. D., and Lazzarini, R. A., 1977, Cell killing by viruses. V. Transcribing defective interfering particles of vesicular stomatitis virus function as cell-killing particles, Virology 82:242.
Marvaldi, J. L., Lucas-Lenard, J., Sekellick, M. J., and Marcus, P. I., 1977, Cell killing by viruses. IV. Cell killing and protein synthesis inhibition by vesicular stomatitis virus require the same gene functions, Virology 79:267.
Marvaldi, J. L., Sekellick, M. J., Marcus, P. I., and Lucas-Lenard, J., 1978, Inhibition of mouse L cell protein synthesis by ultraviolet-irradiated vesicular stomatitis virus requires viral transcription, Virology 84:127.
Mattern, M., Binder, R., and Cerutti, P. A., 1972, Cytidine photohydration in R17 RNA, J. Mol Biol. 66:201.
Mayo, M. A., Harrison, B. D., Murant, A. F., and Barker, H., 1973, Cross linking of RNA induced ultraviolet irradiation of particles of raspberry virus, J. Gen. Virol. 19:155.
McCleary, L. O., and Gordon, M. P., 1973, Ultraviolet irradiation of potato virus X, its RNA, and a hybrid virus particle: Photoreactivation, kinetic isotope effects, and quantum yield of inactivation, Photochem. Photobiol. 18:9.
McLaren, A. D., and Hidalgo-Salvatierra, O., 1964, Quantum yields for enzyme inactivation and the amino acid composition of proteins, Photochem. Photobiol 3:349.
McLaren, A. D., and Kleczkowski, A., 1967, Some gross changes in particles of tobacco mosaic virus caused by large doses of ultraviolet radiation, J. Gen. Virol. 1:391.
McLaren, A. D., and Moring-Claesson, I., 1961, An action spectrum for the inactivation of infectious nucleic acid from tobacco mosaic virus by ultraviolet light, Progr. Photobiol., Proc. Congr., 3rd, 1960, p. 573.
McLaren, A. D., and Shugar, D., 1964, Photochemistry and Photobiology of Proteins and Nucleic Acids, Pergamon, Oxford.
McLaren, A. D., and Takahashi, W. N., 1959, Scattering of light by tobacco mosaic virus and X-protein from infected tobacco plants, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 32:555.
McLaren, A. D., Kirwan, J., Hidalgo-Salvatierra, O., Owen, E. D., and Knight, C. A., 1970, Photoreactivation of ultraviolet irradiation-inactivated RNA from tobacco mosaic virus on white leaves of a variegated mutant of Xanthi tobacco, J. Gen. Virol. 7:167.
McLean, G. D., and Crowley, N. C., 1969, Inactivation of lettuce necrotic yellows virus by ultraviolet irradiation, Virology 37:209.
McMullen, D. W., Jaskunas, S. R., and Tinoco, I., Jr., 1967, Application of matrix rank analysis to the optical rotatory dispersion of TMV-RNA, Biopolymers 5:589.
Merriam, V., and Gordon, M. P., 1965, Photoreactivation of tobacco mosaic virus ribonucleic acid following near ultraviolet irradiation, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 54:1261.
Merriam, V., and Gordon, M. P., 1967, Pyrimidine dimer formation in ultraviolet irradiated TMV-RNA, Photochem. Photobiol. 6:309.
Metzger, K., 1963, Overlapping action of host cell reactivation and photoreactivation in bacteria, Photochem. Photobiol. 2:435.
Miller, N., and Cerutti, P. A., 1968, Structure of the photohydration products of cytidine and uridine, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 59:34.
Miller, R. L., and Plagemann, P. G. W., 1974, Effect of ultraviolet light on mengovirus formation of uracil dimers, instability and degradation of capsid and covalent linkage of protein to viral RNA, J. Virol. 13:729.
Mills, D. R., Kramer, F. R., and Spiegelman, S., 1973, Complete nucleotide sequence of a replicating RNA molecule, Science 180:916.
Montagnier, L., and Sanders, F. K., 1963, Replicative form of encephalomyocarditis virus ribonucleic acid, Nature (London) 199:664.
Morrison, H., Curtis, H., and McDowell, T., 1966, Solvent effects on the photodimeri-zation of coumarin, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 88:5415.
Murphy, T. M., 1973, Inactivation of TMV-RNA by ultra-violet radiation in sunlight, Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 5:519.
Murphy, T. M., 1975a, Inactivation of tobacco mosaic virus ribonucleic acid by near-and middle- ultraviolet light: Sensitization of sulfanilamide and Chlortetracycline, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 65:1108.
Murphy, T. M., 1915b, Nucleic acids: Interaction with solar UV radiation, Curr. Top. Radiat. Res. 10:199.
Murphy, T. M., and Gordon, M. P., 1971a, Light-mediated regulation of TMV-RNA photoreactivation, Photochem. Photobiol. 13:45.
Murphy, T. M., and Gordon, M. P., 1971b, Ultraviolet irradiation of tobacco leaves: Inhibition of tobacco mosaic virus-ribonucleic acid photoreactivation, Photochem. Photobiol. 14:721.
Murphy, T. M., Kuhn, D. N., and Murphy, J. B., 1973, Ultraviolet irradiation of the components of the wheat embryo in vitro protein synthesizing system, Biochemistry 12:1782.
Murphy, T. M., Wright, L. A., Jr., and Street, H. E., 1978, Lethal and mutagenic effects of UV light on cultured rose cells, Abstracts, Fourth International Congress of Plant Tissue and Cell Culture, Calgary, Canada, August 1978, p. 149.
Nakashima, K., and Shatkin, A. J., 1978, Photochemical cross-linking of reovirus genome RNA in situ and inactivation of viral transcriptase, J. Biol. Chem. 253:8680.
Nomura, S., Bassin, R. H., Turner, W., Haapala, D. K., and Fischinger, P. J., 1972, Ultraviolet inactivation of Moloney leukemia virus: Relative target size required for virus replication and rescue of ‘defective’ murine sarcoma virus, J. Gen. Virol. 14:213.
Norman, A., 1960, Ultraviolet inactivation of poliovirus ribonucleic acid, Virology, 10:384.
Ono, J., Wilson, R. G., and Grossman, L., 1965, Effects of ultraviolet light on the template properties of polycytidylic acid, J. Mol. Biol. 11:600.
Oster, G., and McLaren, A. D., 1950, The ultraviolet light and photosensitized inactivation of tobacco mosaic virus, J. Gen. Physiol. 33:215.
Owada, M., Ihara, S., Toyoshima, K., Kozai, Y., and Sugino, Y., 1976, Ultraviolet inactivation of avian sarcoma viruses: Biological and biochemical analysis, Virology 69:710.
Pearson, M., and Johns, H. E., 1966, Suppression of hydrate and dimer formation in ultraviolet-irradiated poly(U + A) relative to poly U, J. Mol. Biol. 20:215.
Pearson, M., Whillans, D. W., LeBlanc, J. C., and Johns, H. E., 1966, Dependence on wavelength of photoproduct yields in ultraviolet-irradiated poly U, J. Mol. Biol. 20:245.
Penman, S., and Summers, D., 1965, Effects on host cell metabolism following synchronous infection with poliovirus, Virology 27:614.
Price, 1965, Inactivation of southern bean mosaic virus by ultraviolet light, Virology 25:1.
Rahn, R. O., Landry, L. C., and Carrier, W. L., 1974, Formation of chain breaks and thymine dimers in DNA upon photosensitization at 313 nm with acetophenone, acetone, and benzophenone, Photochem. Photobiol. 19:75.
Ramachandran, N., and Ghiron, C. A., 1979, Triplet-triplet energy transfer in trypsin: The role of the indole triplet in the ultraviolet-induced photolysis of β-trypsin, Photochem. Photobiol 29:67.
Rauth, A. M., 1965, The physical state of viral nucleic acid and the sensitivity of viruses to ultraviolet light, Biophysical J. 5:257.
Remsen, J. F., and Cerutti, P. A., 1972, Ultraviolet inactivation and miscoding of irradiated R17-RNA in vitro, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 48:430.
Remsen, J. F., Miller, N., and Cerutti, P. A., 1970, Photohydration of uridine in the RNA of coliphage R17. II. The relationship between ultraviolet inactivation and uridine photohydration, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 65:460.
Remsen, J. F., Mattern, M., Miller, N., and Cerutti, P. A., 1971, Photohydration of uridine in the ribonucleic acid of coliphage R17. Lethality of uridine photohydrates and nonlethality of cyclobutane type photodimers, Biochemistry 10:524.
Rhoades, D. F., and Wang, S. Y., 1971, A new photoproduct of cytosine. Structure and mechanism studies, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 93:3779.
Rose, J. K., and Knipe, D., 1975, Nucleotide sequence complexities, molecular weights, and poly(A) content of the vesicular stomatitis virus mRNA species, J. Virol. 15:994.
Rubin, H., and Temin, H., 1959, A radiological study of cell-virus interaction in the Rous sarcoma, Virology 7:75.
Rueckert, R. R., 1976, On the structure and morphogenesis of picornaviruses, in: Comprehensive Virology, Vol. 6 (H. Fraenkel-Conrat and R. R. Wagner, eds.), p. 131, Plenum Press, New York.
Rushizky, G. W., Knight, C. A., and McLaren, A. D., 1960, A comparison of the ultraviolet light inactivation of the infectious ribonucleic acid preparations of tobacco mosaic virus with those of the native and reconstituted virus, Virology 12:32.
Ryan, F. J., 1976, The effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the structure and template activity of MDV-1 RNA, Ph.D. thesis, University of Washington, Seattle.
Ryan, F. J., Huang, C. W., and Gordon, M. P., 1977, Ultraviolet inactivation of the midi variant of Qβ-RNA. Determination of quantum yield and lesions produced, Photochem. Photobiol. 26:263.
Ryan, F. J., O’Hara, P. J. A., and Gordon, M. P., 1979, Ultraviolet inactivation of the midi variant of Qβ-RNA: Characterization of template activity, Photochem. Photobiol. 29:289.
Schaffer, F. L., 1962, Binding of proflavine by and photoinactivation of poliovirus propagated in the presence of the dye, Virology 18:412.
Schuster, H., 1964, Photochemie von Ribonucleinsäuren I. Die Photoprodukte von Uridylsäure und Cytidylsäure und ihr Nachweis in UV-bestrahlten Ribonu-cleinsäure, Z. Naturforsch. Teil B 19:815.
Sehgal, O. P., 1973, Inactivation of southern bean mosaic virus and its ribonucleic acid by nitrous acid and ultraviolet light, J. Gen. Virol. 18:1.
Sen, A., and Todaro, G. J., 1977, The genome-associated, specific RNA binding proteins of avian and mammalian type C viruses, Cell 10:91.
Setlow, R. B., 1955, A relation between cystine content and ultraviolet sensitivity of proteins, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 16:444.
Setlow, R. B., 1968, The photochemistry, photobiology, and repair of polynucleotides, Prog. Nucleic Acid Res. Mol. Biol. 8:257.
Setlow, R. B., Carrier, W. L., and Bollum, F. J., 1965, Pyrimidine dimers in UV-irradiated poly dI:C, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 53:1111.
Shen, C. J., Ikoku, A., and Hearst, J. E., 1979, A specific DNA orientation in the filamentous bacteriophage fd as probed by psoralen crosslinking and electron microscopy, J. Mol. Biol. 127:163.
Siegel, A., 1957, Ultra-violet irradiation of dry tobacco mosaic virus, Nature (London) 180:1430.
Siegel, A., and Norman, A., 1958, Action spectra for two strains of tobacco mosaic virus, Virology 6:725.
Siegel, A., and Wildman, S. G., 1954, Some natural relationships among strains of tobacco mosaic virus, Phytopathology 44:277.
Siegel, A., and Wildman, S. G., 1956, The inactivation of infectious centers of tobacco mosaic virus by ultraviolet light, Virology 2:69.
Siegel, A., Ginoza, W., and Wildman, S. G., 1957, The early events of infection with tobacco mosaic virus nucleic acid, Virology 3:554.
Singer, B., 1971, Chemical modification of viral ribonucleic acid. IX. The effect of ultraviolet irradiation of TMV-RNA and other polynucleotides, Virology 45:101.
Singer, B., and Fraenkel-Conrat, H., 1969, The role of conformation in chemical mutagenesis, Progr. Nucleic Acid, Res. Mol. Biol. 9:1.
Singer, B., and Fraenkel-Conrat, H., 1970, The messenger and template activities of chemically modified polynucelotides, Biochemistry 9:3694.
Singer, S. J., Bald, J. G., Wildman, S. G., and Owen, R. D., 1951, The detection and isolation of naturally occurring strains of tobacco mosaic virus by electrophoresis, Science 114:463.
Small, G. D., and Gordon, M. P., 1967, Prevention of photoreactivation of tobacco mosaic virus-ribonucleic acid by reconstitution, Photochem. Photobiol. 6:303.
Small, G. D., Tao, M., and Gordon, M. P., 1968, Pyrimidine hydrates and dimers in ultraviolet-irradiated tobacco mosaic virus ribonucleic acid, J. Mol. Biol. 38:75.
Smith, K. C. (ed.), 1976a, Aging, Carcinogenesis, and Radiation Biology: The Role of Nucleic Acid Addition Reactions, Plenum Press, New York.
Smith, K. C., 1976b, The radiation-induced addition of proteins and other molecules to nucleic acids, in: Photochemistry and Photobiology of Nucleic Acids, Vol. 2 (S. Y. Wang, ed.), p. 187, Academic Press, New York.
Smith, K. C., and Alpin, R. T., 1966, A mixed photoproduct of uracil and cysteine (5-S-cysteine-6-hydrouracil). A possible model for the in vivo cross-linking of deoxyribonucleic acid and protein by ultraviolet light, Biochemistry 5:2125.
Smith, K. C., and Meun, D. H. C., 1968, Kinetics of the photochemical addition of [35S]cysteine to polynucleotides and nucleic acids, Biochemistry 7:1033.
Smith, K. C., and O’Leary, M. E., 1967, Photoinduced DNA-protein cross-links and bacterial killing: A correlation at low temperatures, Science 155:1024.
Spector, D. H., and Baltimore, D., 1975, The molecular biology of poliovirus, Sci. Am. 232:25.
Streeter, D. G., and Gordon, M. P., 1967, Ultraviolet photoinactivation studies on hybrid viruses obtained by the cross-reconstitution of the protein and RNA components of U(l) and U(2) strains of TMV, Photochem. Photobiol. 6:413.
Streeter, D. G., and Gordon, M. P., 1968, Studies of the role of the coat protein in the u.v. photoinactivation of U(l) and U(2) strains of TMV, Photochem. Photobiol. 8:81.
Suck, D., Rayment, I., Johnson, J. E., and Rossman, M. G., 1978, The structure of southern bean mosaic virus at 5 Â resolution, Virology 85:187.
Tao, M., 1967, Kinetic isotope studies on the inactivation of transforming deoxyribonucleic acid, tobacco mosaic virus, and its nucleic acid by ultraviolet light, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Washington, Seattle.
Tao, M., Gordon, M. P., and Nester, E. W., 1966, Kinetic isotope studies on the inacti-vation of transforming deoxyribonucleic acid, tobacco mosaic virus, and its nucleic acid by ultraviolet light, Biochemistry 5:4146.
Tao, M., Small, G. D., and Gordon, M. P., 1969, Photochemical alterations in ribonucleic acid isolated from ultraviolet-irradiated tobacco mosaic virus, Virology 39:534.
Tikchonenko, T. I., 1975, Structure of viral nucleic acids in situ, in: Comprehensive Virology (H. Fraenkel-Conrat and R. R. Wagner, eds.), pp. 1–117, Plenum Press, New York.
Varghese, A. J., 1972, Acetone-sensitized dimerization of cytosine derivatives, Photochem. Photobiol. 15:113.
Varghese, A. J., 1973, Photochemistry of nucleic acids and their constituents, in: Photophysiology, Vol. 7 (A. C. Giese, ed.), pp. 207–274, Academic Press, New York.
Varghese, A. J., and Rupert, C. S., 1971, Ultraviolet irradiation of cytosine nucleosides in frozen solution produces cyclobutane-type dimeric products, Photochem. Photobiol. 13:365.
Varghese, A. J., and Wang, S. T., 1968, Thymine-thymine adduct as a photoproduct of thymine, Science 160:186.
Vogt, P. K., 1973, The genome of avian RNA tumor viruses: A discussion of four models, in: Possible Episomes in Eukaryotes: The Proceedings of the Fourth Lepetit Colloquium, (L. Silvestri, ed.), pp. 35–41, North Holland, Amsterdam.
Volkert, W. A., and Grossweiner, L. I., 1973, Flash photolysis of ribonuclease A, Photochem. Photobiol. 7:81.
Wagner, R. R., 1975, Reproduction of rhabdoviruses, in: Comprehensive Virology, Vol. 4 (H. Fraenkel-Conrat and R. R. Wagner, eds.), p. 1, Plenum Press, New York.
Wang, S. Y., 1976, Photochemistry and Photobiology of Nucleic Acids, Academic Press, New York.
Wang, T. M., and McLaren, A. D., 1972, Conformational changes induced in tobacco mosaic virus nucleic acid by ultraviolet radiation, Biophysik 8:237.
Wechter, W. J., and Smith, K. C., 1968, Nucleic acids. IX. The structure and chemistry of uridine photohydrate, Biochemistry 7:4064.
Weissmann, C., 1974, The making of a phage, FEBS Lett. Suppl. 40:S10.
Werbin, H., Hidalgo-Salvatierra, O., Seear, J., and McLaren, A. D., 1966, Comparative photoreactivation of ultraviolet light-inactivated tobacco mosaic virus ribonucleic acid on Chenopodium, pinto bean, and tobacco plants, Virology 28:202.
Werbin, H., Valentine, R. C., and McLaren, A. D., 1967, Photobiology of RNA bacteriophages. I. Ultraviolet inactivation and photoreactivation studies, Photochem. Photobiol. 6:205.
Werbin, H., Valentine, R. C., Hidalgo-Salvatierra, O., and McLaren, A. D., 1968, Photobiology of RNA bacteriophages. II. UV-irradiation of f2: Effects on extracellular stages of infection and on early replication, Photochem. Photobiol. 7:253.
Wertz, G. W., and Youngner, J. S., 1972, Inhibition of protein synthesis in L cells infected with vesicular stomatitis virus, J. Virol. 9:85.
Wilson, T. M. A., Perham, R. N., and Butler, P. J. G., 1978, Intermediates in the disassembly of tobacco mosaic virus at alkaline pH, Virology 89:475.
Winkler, U., 1964, Uber die fehlende photo- und wirtszellreaktivierbarkeit des UV-inak-tivierten RNS-phagen FR, Photochem. Photobiol. 3:37.
Wright, L. A., Jr., and Murphy, T. M., 1975, Photoreactivation of nitrate reductase production in Nicotiana tabacum var. Xanthi, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 407:338.
Wright, L. A., Jr., and Murphy, T. M., 1978, Ultraviolet radiation-stimulated efflux of 86-rubidium from cultured tobacco cells, Plant Physiol. 61:434.
Yamada, Y., Shigeta, A., and Nozu, K., 1973, Ultraviolet effects on biological function of RNA phage MS2. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 299:121.
Yaoi, Y., and Amano, M., 1970. Inhibitory effect of ultraviolet-inactivated vesicular stomatitis virus on initiation of DNA synthesis in cultured chick embryo cells, J. Gen. Virol. 9:69.
Yaoi, Y., Mitsui, H., and Amano, M., 1970, Effect of UV-irradiated vesicular stomatitis virus on nucleic acid synthesis in chick embryo cells, J. Gen. Virol. 8:165.
Yoshikura, H., 1971, Ultraviolet inactivation of murine leukemia and sarcoma viruses, Int. J. Cancer 7:131.
Závadova, Z., 1971, Host-cell repair of vaccinia virus and of double stranded RNA of encephalomyocarditis virus, Nature (London) New Biol. 233:123.
Závadova, Z., and Zâvada, J., 1968, Host-cell repair of ultraviolet-irradiated Pseudorabies virus in chick embryo cells, Acta Virol. (Prague) 12:514.
Závdova, Z., Gresland, L., and Rosenbergova, M., 1968, Inactivation of single- and double-stranded ribonucleic acid of encephalomyocarditis virus by ultraviolet light, Acta Virol. (Prague) 12:515.
Zech, A. H., 1961, Cytochemische Untersuchungen zer reproduktion des tabak-mosaikvirus, Z. Naturforsch. Teil B 16:520.
Zierenberg, B. E., Krämer, D. M., Geisert, M. G., and Kirste, R. G., 1971, Effects of sensitized and unsensitized longwave UV irradiation on the solution properties of DNA, Photochem. Photobiol. 14:515.
Zimmerman, E. F., Huter, M., and Darnell, J. E., 1963, RNA synthesis in poliovirus-infected cells, Virology 19:400.
Zinder, N. D., 1965, RNA phages, Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 19:455.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1981 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Murphy, T.M., Gordon, M.P. (1981). Photobiology of RNA Viruses. In: Fraenkel-Conrat, H., Wagner, R.R. (eds) Comprehensive Virology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6693-9_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6693-9_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-6695-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-6693-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive