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Vascular ATP Diphosphohydrolase (CD39/ATPDase)

  • Chapter
Ecto-ATPases

Abstract

Circulatory homeostasis is usually maintained by quiescent endothelial cells that possess highly effective anticoagulant and platelet thromboregulatory mechanisms. Following injury, the vascular endothelium is considered to undergo a process of activation where cells are exposed to oxidative stress, lose intrinsic antithrombotic properties and become procoagulant and facilitative for platelet aggregation. Endothelial cells express an ATPDase that hydrolyzes extracellular adenosine nucleotides and can inhibit stimulated human platelet aggregation in vitro. Loss of this ectoenzyme activity with reduced membrane protein expression occurs shortly following TNFα stimulation or perturbation of endothelial cells by reactive oxygen species in vitro. Comparable events follow reperfusion injury and xenograft rejection in vivo. Additionally, the administration of antioxidants and purified apyrases ameliorate rat renal reperfusion injury and discordant xenograft rejection, respectively.

Following our identification of the gene encoding vascular ATPDase as CD39, we are now examining the pathophysiological significance of the expression of CD39/ATPDase by the vasculature and how this enzymatic function is modulated by inflammatory processes. This work will be facilitated by the generation of knock-out and CD39 transgenic mice. Our approach should provide a closer understanding of thrombosis and vascular disruption in the context of transplant vascular pathobiology and other inflammatory diseases characterized by vascular thrombosis and platelet activation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Sandoz Center for Immunobiology and Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Surgery, New England Deaconess Hospital Harvard Medical School, 02215, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Elzbieta Kaczmarek, Jonathan B. Siegel, Katarzyna Koziak, Wayne W. Hancock, Fritz H. Bach & Dr. Simon C. Robson

  2. Departement de Biologie, Faculte des Sciences, Universite de Sherbrooke, J1K, 2R1, Sherbrooke, Quebec, USA

    Jean Sevigny & Adrien Beaudoin

  3. MRC UCT Liver Center, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa

    Dr. Simon C. Robson

Authors
  1. Elzbieta Kaczmarek
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  2. Jonathan B. Siegel
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  3. Jean Sevigny
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  4. Katarzyna Koziak
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  5. Wayne W. Hancock
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  6. Adrien Beaudoin
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  7. Fritz H. Bach
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  8. Dr. Simon C. Robson
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, Denmark

    Liselotte Plesner

  2. University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

    Terence L. Kirley

  3. University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Aileen F. Knowles

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Kaczmarek, E. et al. (1997). Vascular ATP Diphosphohydrolase (CD39/ATPDase). In: Plesner, L., Kirley, T.L., Knowles, A.F. (eds) Ecto-ATPases. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5955-9_22

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5955-9_22

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