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Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neuronal Systems in the Teleostean Brain and Functional Significance

  • Chapter
Neural Regulation in the Vertebrate Endocrine System

Abstract

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is well known as the most important regulator of gonadotropin (GtH) secretion. An understanding of morphological and molecular characteristics of the GnRH neuronal system, its regulatory mechanisms and of its role in teleost reproduction are very important issues not only for comparative biology but also for aquaculture. However, the information generated on GnRH in teleosts is not similar to that in mammalian species because of some major differences which are unique to teleosts. A few major differences are listed below:

  1. 1

    In teleosts there occur multiple types of GnRH neuronal system, whereas it is not so in most mammalian species. This characteristic makes the research on teleostean GnRH system challenging since the antibody or molecular probe may cross-react with multiple molecular forms of GnRH produced in fish brain. One should therefore be very careful for the molecular form of GnRH which is under investigation. We discuss this issue in the following section.

  2. 2

    Unlike the condition in tetrapods, there is no hypothalamo-hypophysial portal vascular system in teleosts Figure 1). The GnRH neurons directly innervate the pituitary and GnRH is considered to be released from nerve terminals located near or in direct synaptoid contact with the pituitary cells, or from terminals separated from the pituitary cells by a basement membrane (Peter et al., 1990). Therefore, it is not possible either to measure the levels of GnRH in hypothalamo-hypophysial portal blood, or to study the release of GnRH.in vivo.

  3. 3

    Although two GtH molecules, viz., GtH-I and GtH-II (Kawauchi et al., 1989) comparable to mammalian follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) respectively, are produced in the pituitary gland of many teleosts, information available about the regulation and function of GtH-I is comparatively meager; this is partly because the quantification of GtH-I is possible only in salmonids (Suzuki et al., 1988;Swanson et al., 1989; Prat et al., 1996). In salmonids, GtH-I and GtH-II are considered respectively as FSH- and LH-like, because GtH-I is secreted during the period of gonadal growth, and play a role in stimulation of ovarian growth and steroidogenesis, while during the period of final maturation plasma levels of GtH-II show an increase to promote gamete maturation and release (Swanson, 1991). In other teleosts, however, the difference in biological function between GtH-I and II is unclear (Quérat, 1995;Kobayashi et al., 1997). Administration of GnRH or its agonist increased blood GtH-II levels in several teleosts (Peter et al., 1991), however, studies on GtH-I secretion by GnRH are restricted to salmonids (Kawauchi et al., 1989). Therefore, development of an assay for GtH-I in other teleosts will prove valuable.

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  1. National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Tamaki, Mie 519-0423, Japan

    Koichi Okuzawa

  2. Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan

    Makito Kobayashi

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  1. Koichi Okuzawa
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  1. Nagpur University, Nagpur, India

    P. D. Prasada Rao

  2. University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

    Richard E. Peter

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© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Okuzawa, K., Kobayashi, M. (1999). Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neuronal Systems in the Teleostean Brain and Functional Significance. In: Prasada Rao, P.D., Peter, R.E. (eds) Neural Regulation in the Vertebrate Endocrine System. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4805-8_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4805-8_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-7177-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-4805-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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