Abstract
Since the appearance in 1985 of the book, ‘Oxidative Stress’ (1), the biomedical area in particular has increasingly utilized this term in order to denote a challenge of the biological system by oxidants. The current cumulative number of Medline hits is 10,550, the 1,000/year mark having been passed in 1995, and the 3,000/year mark in 1997 (see Fig. 1). What precisely, does this term mean?
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Sies H (ed.) Oxidative Stress, London, Academic Press, 1985, pp 1.
Sies H: Oxidative Stress: Introductory remarks, in Sies H (ed): Oxidative Stress. London, Academic Press, 1985, pp 1.
Cadenas E, Wefers H, Müller A, Brigelius R, Sies H. Active oxygen metabolites and their action in the hepatocyte. Studies on chemiluminescence responses and alkane production. Agents Actions Suppl. 1982;11:203.
Sies H, Cadenas E: Oxidative stress: damage to intact cells and organs. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1985;311:617.
Cadenas E, Sies H. Oxidative stress: excited oxygen species and enzyme activity. Adv Enzyme Regul. 1985;23:217.
Sies H: Biochemistry of Oxidative Stress. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 1986;25:1058.
Sies H. Oxidative stress: from basic research to clinical application. Am J Medi. 1991;91:31S.
Sies H. Oxidative stress: oxidants and antioxidants. Exp Physiol. 1997;82:291.
Sies H (ed.) Oxidative Stress: Oxidants and Antioxidants, London, Academic Press, 1991, pp 1.
Sies H (ed.) Antioxidants in Disease Mechanisms and Therapy, San Diego, Academic Press, 1997, pp 1.
Gerschman R, Gilbert DL, Nye SW, Dwyer P, Fenn WO. Oxygen poisoning and X-irradiation: a mechanism in common. Science. 1954; 119:623.
Chance B, Sies H, Boveris A. Hydroperoxide metabolism in mammalian organs. Physiol Rev. 1979;59:527.
Paniker NV, Srivastava SK, Beutler E. Glutathione metabolism of the red cells. Effect of glutathione reductase deficiency on the stimulation of hexose monophosphate shunt under oxidative stress. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1970;456.
Gaetani GD, Parker JC, Kirkman HN. Intracellular restraint: A new basis for the limitation in response to oxidative stress in human erythrocytes containing low-activity variants of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1974;71:3584.
Benöhr HC, Waller HD. Glutathion (Bedeutung in Biologie und Medizin). Klin Wschr. 1975;53:789.
Brownlee NR, Huttner JJ, Panganamala RV, Cornwell DG. Role of vitamin E in glutathioneinduced oxidant stress: methemoglobin, lipid peroxidation, and hemolysis. J Lipid Res. 1977;18:635.
Harm W, Deamer DW. Altered potassium permeability in vitamin E-deficient rat erythrocytes. Physiol Chem & Physics. 1977;9:501.
Levander OA. Lead toxicity and nutritional deficiencies. Environ Health Perspect. 1979;29:1988.
Cerutti PA. Prooxidant states and tumor promotion. Science. 1985;227:375.
Halliwell B. How to characterize a biological antioxidant. Free Radic Res Commun. 1990;9:121.
Halliwell B. Oxidative stress, nutrition and health. Experimental strategies for optimization of nutritional antioxidant intake in humans. Free Radic Res. 1996;25:57.
Ames BN: Dietary carcinogens and anticarcinogens. Oxygen radicals and degenerative diseases. Science. 1983;221:1256.
Ames BN, Shigenaga MK, Hagen TM. Oxidants, antioxidants, and the degenerative diseases of aging. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1993;90:7915.
Swirsky Gold L, Stern BR, Slone TH, Brown JP, Manley NB, Ames BN: Pesticide residues in food: investigation of disparities in cancer risk estimates. Cancer Lett. 1997; 117:195.
Levander OA, Fontela R, Morris VC, Ager AL, Jr. Protection against murine cerebral malaria by dietary-induced oxidative stress. J Parasitol. 1995;81:99.
Beck MA, Levander OA. Dietary oxidative stress and the potentiation of viral infection. Annu Rev Nutr. 1998;18:93.
Schwarz KB. Oxidative stress during viral infection: a review. Free Radie Biol Med. 1996;21:641.
Diplock AT, Charleux JL, Crozier-Willi G, Kok FJ, Rice-Evans C, Roberfroid M, Stahl W, Vina-Ribes J: Functional food science and defence against reactive ocidative species. Brit J Nutr. 1998;77.
Anonymous. Dietary reference intakes. Washington, Natl Acad Sci Press 1998; 1-11
Barja de Quiroga G. Brown fat thermogenesis and exercise: two examples of physiological oxidative stress? Free Radic Biol Med. 1992;13:325.
Choi J, Liu RM, Forman HJ. Adaptation to oxidative stress: quinone-mediated protection of signaling in rat lung epithelial L2 cells. Biochem Pharmacol. 1997;53:987.
Kretzschmar M. Regulation of hepatic glutathione metabolism and its role in hepatotoxicity. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 1996;48:439.
Christman MF, Morgan RW, Jacobson FS, Ames BN. Positive control of a regulon for defenses against oxidative stress and some heat-shock proteins in Salmonella typhimurium. Cell. 1985;41:753.
Morgan RW, Christman MF, Jacobson FS, Storz G, Ames BN. Hydrogen peroxide-inducible proteins in Salmonella typhimurium overlap with heat shock and other stress proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1986;83:8059.
Imlay JA, Linn S. Mutagenesis and stress responses induced in Escherichia coli by hydrogen peroxide. J Bacteriol. 1987;169:296736.
Demple B, Amabile Cuevas CF. Redox redux: the control of oxidative stress responses. Cell. 1991;67:837.
Davies JM, Lowry CV, Davies KJ. Transient adaptation to oxidative stress in yeast. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1995;317:1.
Wiese AG, Pacifici RE, Davies KJ. Transient adaptation of oxidative stress in mammalian cells. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1995;318:231.
Janssen YM, Van Houten B, Borm PJ, Mossman BT. Cell and tissue responses to oxidative damage. Lab Invest. 1993;69:261.
Reddy KV, Anuradha D, Kumar TC, Reddanna P. Induction of Ya1 subunit of rat hepatic glutathione S-transferases by exercise-induced oxidative stress. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1995;323:6.
Storz G, Christman MF, Sies H, Ames BN. Spontaneous mutagenesis and oxidative damage to DNA in Salmonella typhimurium. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1987;84:8917.
MacGregor JT, Wehr CM, Hiatt RA, Peters B, Tucker JD, Langlois RG, Jacob RA, Jensen RH, Yager JW, Shigenaga MK, Frei B, Eynon BP, Ames BN. ’spontaneous’ genetic damage in man: evaluation of interindividual variability, relationship among markers of damage, and influence of nutritional status. Mutat Res. 1997;377:125.
Sohal RS, Weindruch R. Oxidative stress, caloric restriction, and aging. Science. 1996;273:59.
Harman D, Piette LH. Free radical theory of aging: free radical reactions in serum. J Gerontol. 1966;21:560.
Harman D. The aging process. Proc Natl A cad Sci USA. 1981;78:7124.
Harman D. The aging process: major risk factor for disease and death. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1991;88:5360.
Pryor WA, Godber SS: Noninvasive measures of oxidative stress status in humans. Free Radic Biol Med. 1991; 10:177.
Boveris A, Llesuy S, Azzalis LA, Giavarotti L, Simon KA, Junqueira VB, Porta EA, Videla LA, Lissi EA. In situ rat brain and liver spontaneous chemiluminescence after acute ethanol intake. Toxicol Lett. 1997;93:23.
Uppu RM, Cueto R, Squadrito GL, Salgo MG, Pryor WA. Competitive reactions of peroxynitrite with 2’-deoxyguanosine and 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG): relevance to the formation of 8-oxodG in DNA exposed to peroxynitrite. Free Radie Biol Med. 1996;21:407.
Roberts LJ, 2d, Moore KP, Zackert WE, Oates JA, Morrow JD. Identification of the major urinary metabolite of the F2-isoprostane 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha in humans. J Biol Chem. 1996;271:20617.
Bartoli GM, Sies H. Reduced and oxidized glutathione efflux from liver. FEBS Lett. 1978;86:89.
Akerboom TP, Bilzer M, Sies H. The relationship of biliary glutathione disulfide efflux and intracellular glutathione disulfide content in perfused rat liver. J Biol Chem. 1982;257:4248.
Shigenaga MK, Aboujaoude EN, Chen Q, Ames BN. Assays of oxidative DNA damage biomarkers 8-oxo-2’-deoxyguanosine and 8-oxoguanine in nuclear DNA and biological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Methods Enzymol. 1994;234:16.
Wendel A. Measurement of in vivo lipid peroxidation and toxicological significance. Free Radic Biol Med. 1987;3:355.
Jaeschke H, Kleinwaechter C, Wendel A. NADH-dependent reductive stress and ferritin-bound iron in allyl alcohol-induced lipid peroxidation in vivo: the protective effect of vitamin E. Chem Biol Interact. 1992;81:57.
Kappus H, Sies H. Toxic drug effects associated with oxygen metabolism: redox cycling and lipid peroxidation. Experientia. 1981;37:1233.
Sies H, Brigelius R, Wefers H, Müller A, Cadenas E. Cellular redox changes and response to drugs and toxic agents. Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1983;3:200.
Roy S, Sen CK, Tritschler HJ, Packer L. Modulation of cellular reducing equivalent homeostasis by alpha-lipoic acid — Mechanisms and implications for diabetes and ischemic injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1997;53:393
Khan S, OBrien PJ. Rapid and specific efflux of glutathione before hepatocyte injury induced by hypoxia. Bichem Biophys Res Commun. 1997;238:320.
Gores GJ, Flarsheim CE, Dawson TL, Nieminen AL, Herman B, Lemasters JJ. Swelling, reductive stress, and cell death during chemical hypoxia in hepatocytes. Am J Physiol. 1989;257:C347.
Nishimura Y, Romer LH, Lemasters JJ. Mitochondrial dysfunction and cytoskeletal disruption during chemical hypoxia to cultured rat hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells: The pH paradox and cytoprotection by glucose, acidotic pH, and glycine. Hepatology. 1998;27:1039.
Tilton RG, Kawamura T, Chang KC, Ido Y, Bjercke RJ, Stephan CC, Brock TA, Williamson JR. Vascular dysfunction induced by elevated glucose levels in rats is mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor. J Clin Invest. 1997;99:2192.
Kashiwagi A, Nishio Y, Asahina T, Ikebuchi M, Harada N, Tanaka Y, Takahara N, Taki H, Obata T, Hidaka H, Saeki Y, Kikkawa R. Pyruvate improves deleterious effects of high glucose on activation of pentose phosphate pathway and glutathione redox cycle in endothelial cells. Diabetes. 1997;46:2088.
Halleck MM, Holbrook NJ, Skinner J, Liu H, Stevens JL. The molecular response to reductive stress in LLC-PK1 renal epithelial cells: Coordinate transcriptional regulation of gadd 153 and grp78 genes by thiols. Cell Stress Chaperones. 1997;2:31.
Hausladen A, Privalle CT, Keng T, DeAngelo J, Stamler JS. Nitrosative stress: activation of the transcription factor OxyR. Cell. 1996;86:719.
Berendji D, Kolb-Bachofen V, Meyer KL, Grapenthin O, Weber H, Wahn V, Kröncke KD. Nitric oxide mediates intracytoplasmic and intranuclear zinc release. FEBS Lett. 1997;405:37.
Szabo C, Dawson VL. Role of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase in inflammation and ischaemiareperfusion. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 1998;19:287.
Wink DA, Cook JA, Kim SY, Vodovotz Y, Pacelli R, Krishna MC, Russo A, Mitchell JB, Jourd’heuil D, Miles AM, Grisham MB. Superoxide modulates the oxidation and nitrosation of thiols by nitric oxide-derived reactive intermediates. Chemical aspects involved in the balance between oxidative and nitrosative stress. J Biol Chem. 1997;272:11147.
Wink DA, Mitchell JB. Chemical biology of nitric oxide: Insights into regulatory, cytotoxic and cytoprotective mechanisms of nitric oxide. Free Radic Biol Med. 1998;25:434(abstract).
Kehrer JP, Lund LG. Cellular reducing equivalents and oxidative stress. Free Radie Biol Med. 1994;17:65.
Sies H. Strategies of antioxidant defense. Eur J Biochem. 1993;215:213.
Sies H. Ebselen, a selenoorganic compound as glutathione peroxidase mimic. Free Radic Biol Med. 1993;14:313.
Masumoto H, Sies H. The reaction of ebselen with peroxynitrite. Chem Res Toxicol. 1996;9:262.
Masumoto H, Kissner R, Koppenol WH, Sies H. Kinetic study of the reaction of ebselen with peroxynitrite. FEBS Lett. 1996;398:179.
Sies H, Sharov VS, Klotz LO, Briviba K. Glutathione peroxidase protects against peroxynitrite-mediated oxidations: a new function for selenoproteins as peroxynitrite reductase. J Biol Chem. 1997;272:27812.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sies, H. (2000). What is Oxidative Stress?. In: Keaney, J.F. (eds) Oxidative Stress and Vascular Disease. Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine, vol 224. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4649-8_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4649-8_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-7103-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-4649-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive