Abstract
As the 21st century begins, studies of coral reefs, carbonate sediments, and limestones will continue to be fundamental to understanding the past, present, and future of marine ecosystems and global climate. An intellectually challenging aspect of carbonate research is the plethora of paradoxes associated with the biology of carbonate-secreting organisms, carbonate geochemistry, and carbonate depositional ecosystems. Discovering new paradoxes, deciphering existing ones, and deepening understanding of old ones undoubtedly will continue to engage carbonate researchers well into the new century.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adams, C. G., Lee, D. E., and Rosen, B. R., 1990, Conflicting isotopic and biotic evidence for tropical sea-surface temperatures during the Tertiary, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 77:289–313.
Arthur, M. A., and Schlanger, S. O., 1979, Cretaceous “oceanic anoxic events” as causal factors in development of reef-reservoired giant oil fields, Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull. 63:870–885.
Barron, E. J., 1989, Studies of Cretaceous climate, in: Understanding Climate Change, America Geophysical Union Monograph 52 (W. A. Berger, ed.), American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, pp. 149–157.
Barron, E. J., Fawcett, P. J., Peterson, W. H., Pollard, D., and Thompson, S. L., 1995, A “simulation” of mid-Cretaceous climate, Paleoceanography 10:953–962.
Berner, R. A., 1994, Geocard II: A revised model for atmospheric CO2 over Phanerozoic time, Am. J. Sci. 294:56–91.
Birkeland, C., 1977, The importance of the rate of biomass accumulation in early successional stages of benthic communities to the survival of coral recruits, Proc. 3rd Int. Coral Reef Symp. 1:16–21.
Birkeland, C., 1987, Nutrient availability as a major determinant of differences among coastal hard-substratum communities in different regions of the tropics, in: Differences between Atlantic and Pacific Tropical Marine Coastal Systems: Community Structure, Ecological Processes, and Productivity (C. Birkeland, ed.), UNESCO, Paris, pp. 45–90.
Birkeland, C., 1997, Geographic differences in ecological processes on coral reefs, in: Life and Death of Coral Reefs (C. Birkeland, ed.), Chapman and Hall, New York, pp. 273–297.
Blanchon, P., and Shaw, J., 1995, Reef drowning during the last deglaciation: Evidence for catastrophic sea-level rise and ice-sheet collapse, Geology 23:4–8.
Bralower, T. J., Arthur, M. A., Leckie, R. M., Sliter, W. V., Allard, D. J., and Schlanger, S. O., 1994, Timing and paleoceanography of oceanic dysoxia/anoxia in the Late Barremian to Early Aptian (Early Cretaceous), Palaios 9:335–369.
Bricaud, A., Morel, A., and Prieur, L., 1981, Absorption by dissolved organic matter of the sea (yellow substance) in the UV and visible domains, Limnol. Oceanogr. 26:43–53.
Bryant, D., Burke, L., McManus, J., and Spalding, M., 1998, Reefs at Risk: A Map-Based Indicator of Potential Threats to the World’s Coral Reefs, World Resources Institute, Washington, DC.
Buddemeier, R. W., and Hopley, D., 1988, Turn-ons and turn-offs: Causes and mechanisms of the initiation and termination of coral reef growth, Proc. 6th Int. Coral Reef Symp. Australia 1:253–261.
Butler, M. J. IV, Hunt, J. H., Herrnkind, W. F., Childress, M. J., Bertelsen, R., Sharp, W., Matthews, T., Field, J. M., and Marshall, H. G., 1995, Cascading disturbances in Florida Bay, USA: Cyanobacterial blooms, sponge mortality, and implications for juvenile spiny lobsters, Panuirus argus, Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser. 129:119–125.
Cockey, E. M., Hallock, P., and Lidz, B. H., 1996, Decadal-scale changes in benthic foraminiferal assemblages off Key Largo, Florida, Coral Reefs 15:237–248.
Cook, P. J., and McElhinney, M. W., 1979, A reevaluation of the spatial and temporal distribution of sedimentary phosphate deposits in the light of plate tectonics, Econ. Geol. 74:315–330.
Copper, P., 1994, Ancient reef ecosystem expansion and collapse, Coral Reefs 13:3–11.
Cowen, R., 1983, Algal symbiosis and its recognition in the fossil record, in: Biotic Interactions in Recent and Fossil Benthic Communities (J. J. S. Tevesz and P. L. McCall, eds.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 431–479.
Cutchis, P., 1982, A formula for comparing annual damaging ultraviolet (DUV) radiation doses at tropical and mid-latitude sites, in: The Role of Solar Ultraviolet Radiation in Marine Ecosystems (J. Calkins, ed.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 213–228.
Davies, P. S., and Marshall, J. F., 1985, Halimeda bioherms — low energy reefs, northern Great Barrier Reef, Proc. 5th Int. Coral Reef Cong. 5:1–7.
D’Hondt, S., and Arthur, M. A., 1996, Late Cretaceous oceans and the cool tropic paradox, Science 271:1838–1841.
Ducklow, H. W., and Mitchell, R., 1979, Observations on naturally and artificially diseased tropical corals: a scanning electron microscope study, Microb. Ecol. 5:215–223.
Duguay, L. E., and Taylor, D. L., 1978, Primary production and calcification by the soritid foraminifera Archaias angulatus (Fichtel and Moll), J. Protozool. 25:356–361.
Erez, J., 1983, Calcification rates, photosynthesis and light in planktonic foraminifera, in: Biomineralization and Biological Metal Accumulation (P. Westbroek and E. J. de Jong eds.), Reidel, Dordrecht, pp. 307–312.
Fagerstrom, J. A., 1987, The Evolution of Reef Communities, Wiley, New York.
Falkowski, P. G., Jokiel, P. L., and Kinzie, R. A. III, 1990, Irradiance and corals, in: Coral Reefs— Ecosystems of the World 25, Coral Reefs (Z. Dubinsky, ed.), Elsevier, New York, pp. 89–108.
Falkowski, P. G., Dubinsky, Z., Muscatine, L., and McCloskey, L., 1993, Population control in symbiotic corals, Bioscience 43:606–611.
Fanning, K. A., 1989, Influence of atmospheric pollution on nutrient limitation in the ocean, Nature 339:460–463.
Fischer, A. G., and Arthur, M. A, 1977, Secular variations in the pelagic realm, Soc. Econ. Paleontol. Mineral. Spec. Puhl. 25:19–50.
Frederick, J. E., Snell, H. E., and Haywood, E. K., 1989, Solar ultraviolet radiation at the earth’s surface, Photochem. Photobiol. 50:443–450.
Frost, S. H., 1977, Cenozoic reef systems of the Caribbean—prospects for paleoecologic synthesis, in: Reefs and Related Carbonates—Ecology and Sedimentology (S. H. Frost, M. P. Weiss, and J. B. Saunders, eds.), Stud. Geol. No. 4, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, OK, pp. 93–110.
Garrett, P., and Ducklow, H. W., 1975, Coral diseases in Bermuda, Nature 253:349–350.
Garrett, W. E. (ed.), 1985, Atlas of North America: A Space Age Portrait of a Continent, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC.
Gleason, D., and Wellington, G., 1993, Ultraviolet radiation and coral bleaching, Nature 365:836–838.
Glynn, P. W., 1988, El Niño warming, coral mortality and reef framework destruction by echinoid bioerosion in the eastern Pacific, Galaxea 7:129–160.
Glynn, P. W., 1996, Coral reef bleaching: facts, hypotheses and implications, Global Change Biol. 2:495–510.
Glynn, P. W., Szmant, A. M., Corcoran, E. F., and Cofer-Shabica, S. V., 1989, Condition of coral reef cnidarians from the northern Florida reef tract: Pesticides, heavy metals, and histopathologic examination, Mar. Poll. Bull. 20:568–576.
Glynn, P. W., Imai, R., Sakai, K., Nakano, Y., and Yamazato, K., 1993, Experimental responses of Okinawan (Ryukyu Islands, Japan) reef corals to high sea temperature and UV radiation, Proc. 7th Int. Coral Reef Symp. 1:27–37.
Goreau, T. F., 1959, The physiology of skeleton formation in corals. I. A method for measuring the rate of calcium deposition by corals under different conditions, Biol. Bull. 116:59–75.
Grant, J., and Gust, G., 1987, Prediction of coastal sediment stability from photopigment content of mats of purple sulfur bacteria, Nature 330:244–246.
Hadar, D.-P., and Worrest, R. C., 1991, Effects of enhanced solar ultraviolet radiation on aquatic ecosystems, Photochem. Photobiol. 53:717–725.
Hallock, P., 1981, Algal symbiosis: A mathematical analysis, Mar. Biol. 62:249–255.
Hallock, P., 1982, Evolution and extinction in larger foraminifera, Proc. 3rd N. Am. Paleontol. Conv. 1:221–225.
Hallock, P., 1987, Fluctuations in the trophic resource continuum: A factor in global diversity cycles? Paleoceanography 2:457–471.
Hallock, P., 1988, The role of nutrient availability in bioerosion: consequences to carbonate buildups, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 63:275–291.
Hallock, P., 1997, Reefs and reef limestones in Earth history, in: Life and Death of Coral Reefs (C. Birkeland, ed.), Chapman and Hall, New York, pp. 13–42.
Hallock, P., and Elrod, J. A., 1988, Oceanic chlorophyll around carbonate platforms in the western Caribbean: Observations from CZCS data, Proc. 6th Int. Coral Reef Symp. 2:449–454.
Hallock, P., and Schlager, W., 1986, Nutrient excess and the demise of coral reefs and carbonate platforms, Palaios 1:389–398.
Hallock, P., Hine, A. C., Vargo, G. A., Elrod, J. A., and Jaap, W. C., 1988, Platforms of the Nicarguan Rise: Examples of the sensitivity of carbonate sedimentation to excess trophic resources, Geology 16:1104–1107.
Hallock, P., Premoli Silva, I., and Boersma, A., 1991, Similarities between planktonic and larger foraminiferal evolutionary trends through Paleogene paleoceanographic changes, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimat. Palaeoecol. 83:49–64.
Hallock, P., Muller-Karger, F. E., and Halas, J. C., 1993, Coral reef decline. Res. Explor. 9:358–378.
Hallock, P., Talge, H. K., Cockey, E. M., and Muller, R. G., 1995, A new disease in reef-dwelling foraminifera: Implications for coastal sedimentation, J. Foram. Res. 25:280–286.
Hatcher, B. G., Johannes, R. E., and Robertson, A. I., 1989, Review of research relevant to the conservation of shallow tropical marine systems, Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Annu. Rev. 27:337–414.
Hine, A. C., Hallock, P., Harris, M. W., Mullins, H. T., Belknap, D. F., and Jaap, W. C., 1987, Halimeda bioherms along an open seaway: Miskito Channel, Nicaraguan Rise, SW Caribbean Sea, Coral Reefs 6:173–178.
Hoffmann, D. J., and Solomon, S., 1989, Ozone destruction through heterogenous chemistry following the eruption of El Chichón, J. Geophys. Res. 94:5029–5041.
Huber, B. B. T., Hodell, D. A., and Hamilton, C. P., 1995, Middle-Late Cretaceous climate of the southern high latitudes — Stable isotope evidence for minimal equatorial-to-pole thermal gradients, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 107:1164–1191.
Hughes, T. P., 1994, Catastrophes, phase shifts, and large-scale degradation of a Caribbean coral reef, Science 265:1547–1551.
Hutchings, P. A., 1986, Biological destruction of coral reefs, Coral Reefs 4:239–252.
Jackson, J. B. C., Cubit, J. D., Keller, B. D., Batista, V., Burns, K., Caffey, H. M., Caldwell, R. L., Garrity, S. D., Gelter, C. D., Gonzalez, C., Guzman, H. M., Kaufmann, K. W., Knap, A. H., Leving, S. C., Marshall, M. J., Sleger, R., Thampson, R. C., and Weit, E., 1989, Ecological effects of a major oil spill on Panamanian coastal marine communities, Ecology 243:37–44.
James, N. P., 1997, The cool-water carbonate depositional realm, in: Cool-Water Carbonates (N. P. James and J. A. D. Clarke, eds.), SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology) Spec. Publ. No. 56, Tulsa, OK, pp. 1–20.
James, N. P., Collins, L., Bone, Y., and Hallock, P., 1999, Subtropical carbonates in a temperate realm: Modern sediments on the southwest Australian shelf, J. Sed. Res. 69:1297–1321.
Johnson, C. C., Baron, E. J., Kauffman, E. G., Arthur, A. A., Fawcett, P. J., and Yasuda, M. K., 1996, Middle Cretaceous reef collapse linked to ocean heat transport, Geology 24:376–380.
Kauffman, E. G., and Johnson, C. C., 1988, The morphological and ecological evolution of middle and upper Cretaceous reef building rudistids, Palaios 3:194–126.
Kinsey, D. W., 1985, Metabolism, calcification and carbon production. I. Systems level studies, Proc. 5th Int. Coral Reef Cong. 4:505–526.
Lapointe, B. E., Littler, M. M., and Littler, D. S., 1997, Macroalgal overgrowth of fringing coral reefs at Discovery Bay, Jamaica: Bottom-up versus top-down control, Proc. 8th Int. Coral Reef Symp. 1:927–932.
Larsen, R. L., Erba, E., Nakanishi, M., Bergersen, D. D., and Lincoln, J. M., 1995, Stratigraphie, vertical subsidence, and paleolatitude histories of Leg 144 guyots, in: Proceedings of ODP Scientific Results, 144 (J. A. Haggerty, I. Premoli Silva F. Rack, and M. K. McNutt, eds.), College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), pp. 915–933.
Laws, E. A., and Redalje, D. G., 1979, Effect of sewage enrichment on the phytoplankton populations of a tropical estuary, Pac. Sci. 33:129–144.
Lee, J. J., and Anderson, O. R., 1991, Symbiosis in foraminifera, in: Biology of Foraminifera (J. J. Lee and O. R. Anderson, eds.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 157–220.
Lees, A., 1975, Possible influence of salinity and temperature on modern shelf carbonate sedimentation, Mar. Geol. 19:159–198.
Lesser, M. P., 1996, Elevated temperatures and ultraviolet radiation cause oxidative stress and inhibit photosynthesis in symbiotic dinoflagellates, Limnol. Oceanogr. 41:271–283.
Lessios, H. A., 1988, Mass mortality of Diadema antillarum in the Caribbean: What have we learned? Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 19:371–393.
Lessios, H. A., Robertson, D. R., and Cubit, J. D., 1984, Spread of Diadema mass mortality through the Caribbean, Science 226:335–337.
Logan, B. W., Read, J. F., Hagan, G. M., Hoffman, P., Brown, R. G., Woods, P. J., and Gebelein, C. D., 1974, Evolution and diagenesis of Quaternary carbonate sequences, Shark Bay, Western Australia, Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Mem. 22:1–358.
McConnaughey, T. A., 1989, Biomineralization mechanisms, in: Origin, Evolution, and Modern Aspects of Biomineralization in Plants and Animals (R. E. Crick, ed.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 57–73.
McConnaughey, T. A., and Whelan, J. F., 1997, Calcification generates protons for nutrient and bicarbonate uptake, Earth-Sci. Rev. 42: 95–117.
Macintyre, I. G., Burke, R. G., and Stuckenrath, R., 1977, Thickest recorded Holocene reef section, Osla Perez core hole, Alacran Reef, Mexico, Geology 5:749–754.
Menard, H. W., 1982, The influence of rainfall on the morphology and distribution of atolls, in: The Ocean Floor: Bruce Heezen Commemorative Volume (R. A. Scrutten and M. Talwani, eds.), Wiley, Chichester, pp. 305–311.
Molinari, R. L., Spillane, M., Brooks, I., Atwood, D., and Duckett, C., 1981, Surface currents in the Caribbean Sea as deduced from Lagrangian observations, J. Geophys. Res. 86:6537–6542.
Morse, J. W., and Mackenzie, F. T., 1990, Geochemistry of Sedimentary Carbonates. Developments in Sedimentology 48, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Munro, J. L. (ed.), 1983, Caribbean coral reef fishery resources, ICLARM Stud. Rev. 7:1–276.
Neumann, A. C., 1966, Observations on coastal erosion in Bermuda and measurements of the boring rates of the sponge Cliona lampa, Limnol. Oceanogr. 11:92–108.
Neumann, A. C., and Macintyre, I., 1985, Reef response to sea level rise: Keep-up, catch-up or give-up, Proc. 5th Int. Coral Reef Congr. 3:105–110.
Odum, E. P., 1959, Fundamentals of Ecology, Saunders, Philadelphia.
Odum, H. T., and Odum, E. P., 1955, Trophic structure and productivity of a windward coral reef community on Eniwetok Atoll, Ecol. Monogr. 25:291–320.
Ogg, J. G., Camoin, G. F., and Vanneau, A. A., 1995, Limalok Guyot: Depositional history of the carbonate platform from downhole logs at Site 871 (lagoon), in: Proceedings of ODP Scientific Results, 144 (J. A. Haggerty, I. Premoli SilvaF. Rack, and M. K. McNutt, eds.), College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), pp. 233–253.
Peters, E. C., 1997, Diseases of coral-reef organisms, in: Life and Death of Coral Reefs (C. Birkeland, ed.), Chapman and Hall, New York, pp. 114–139.
Randel, W. J., Wu, F., Russell, J. M. III, Waters, J. W., and Froidevaux, L., 1995, Ozone and temperature changes following the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo, J. Geophys. Res. 100:16,753–16,764.
Reid, R. P., and Browne, K. M., 1991, Intertidal stromatolites in a fringing Holocene reef complex, Bahamas, Geology 19:15–18.
Richardson, L. L., Kuta, K. G., Schnell, S., and Carlton, P. G., 1997, Ecology of the black band disease microbial consortium, Proc. 8th Int. Coral Reef Symp. 1:597–600.
Richardson, L. L., Goldberg, W. M., Kuta, K. G., Aronson, R. B., Smith, G. W., Ritchie, K. B., Halas, J. C, Feingold, J. S., Miller, S., 1998, Florida’s mystery coral-killer identified, Nature 392:587–588.
Richmond, R. H., 1993, Coral reefs: Present problems and future concerns resulting from anthropogenic disturbance, Am. Zool. 33:524–536.
Robbins, L. L., and Blackwelder, P. L., 1992, Biochemical and ultrastructural evidence for the origin of whitings: A biologically induced calcium carbonate precipitation mechanism, Geology 20:464–468.
Roberts, H. H., and Murray, S. P., 1983, Controls on reef development and the terrigenous-carbonate interface on a shallow shelf, Nicaragua (Central America), Coral Reefs 2:71–80.
Roberts, H. H., Aharon, P., and Phipps, C. V., 1988, Morphology and sedimentology of Halimeda bioherms from the eastern Java Sea (Indonesia), Coral Reefs 6:161–172.
Rogers, C. S., 1990, Responses of coral reefs and reef organisms to sedimentation, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 62:185–202.
Roy, K. J., and Smith, S. V., 1971, Sedimentation and coral reef development in turbid waters: Fanning Lagoon, Pac. Sci. 25:234–248.
Santavy, D. L., and Peters, E. C., 1997, Microbial pests: Coral diseases in the Western Atlantic, Proc. 8th Int. Coral Reef Symp. 1:607–612.
Shick, J. M., Lesser, M. P., and Jokiel, P. L., 1996, Effects of ultraviolet radiation on corals and other coral reef organisms, Global Change Biol. 2:527–545.
Skelton, P. W., Gili, E., Rosen, B. R., and Valldeperas, F. X., 1997, Corals and rudists in the late Cretaceous: A critique of the hypothesis of competitive displacement, Bol. R. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. (Sec. Geol.) 92:225–239.
Smith, S. V., and Jokiel, P. L., 1975a, Water composition and biogeochemical gradients in the Canton Atoll lagoon: 1. Lagoon description; design of system analysis; salt and water budget, Mar. Sci. Comm. 1:75–100.
Smith, S. V., and Jokiel, P. L., 1975b, Water composition and biogeochemical gradients in the Canton Atoll lagoon: 2. Budgets of phosphorus, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and particulate materials, Mar. Sci. Comm. 1:165–207.
Smith, S. V., Kimmerer, W. J. Laws, E. A. Brock, R. E., and Walsh, T. W., 1981, Kaneohe Bay sewage diversion experiment: Perspectives on ecosystem responses to nutrient perturbation. Pac. Sci. 35: 279–402.
Stanley, G. D., Jr., 1981, The early history of scleractinian corals and its geologic consequences, Geology 9:507–511.
Steven, A. P. L., and Broadbent, A. D., 1997, Growth and metabolic responses of Acropora palifera to long-term nutrient enrichment, Proc. 8th Int. Coral Reef Symp. 1:867–872.
Swap, R., Garstang, M. Greco, S., Talbot, R., and Kallberg, P., 1992, Saharan dust in the Amazon Basin, Tellus Ser. B 44:133–149.
Talge, H. K., Williams, D. E., Hallock, P. and Harney, J. N., 1997, Symbiont loss in reef foraminifera: Consequences for affected populations, Proc. 8th Int. Coral Reef Symp. 1:589–594.
ter Kuile, B., 1991, Mechanisms for calcification and carbon cycling in algal symbiont-bearing foraminifera, in: Biology of Foraminifera (J. J. Lee and O. R. Anderson eds.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 73–89.
Triffleman, N. J., Hallock, P., Hine, A. C., and Peebles, M. W., 1992, Morphology, sediments, and depositional environments of a small carbonate platform: Serranilla Bank, Nicaraguan Rise, Southwest Caribbean Sea, J. Sed. Petrol. 62:591–606.
Turner, R. E., and Rabalais, N. N., 1994, Coastal eutrophication near the Mississippi River delta, Nature 368:619–621.
Vitousek, P. M., Mooney, H. A., Lubshenco, J., and Melillo, J. M., 1997, Humandomination of Earth’s ecosystems, Science 277:494–499.
Vogelmann, A. M., and Ackerman, T. P., and Turco, R. P., 1992. Enhancements in biologically effective ultraviolet radiation following volcanic eruption, Eos 359:47–49.
Vogt, P. R., 1989, Valcanogenic upwelling of anoxic, nutrient-rich water: A possible factor in carbonate-bank/reef demise and benthic faunal extinctions? Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 101(10):1225–1245.
Walsh, J. J., 1984, The role of ocean biota in accelerated ecological cycles: A temporal view, Bioscience 34:499–507.
Watson, R. T., Rodhe, H., Oeschger, H., and Siegenthaler, U., 1990, Greenhouse gases and aerosols, in: Climate Change. The IPCC Scientific Assessment (J. T. Houghton, G. J. Jenkins, and J. J. Ephraums, eds), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 1–40.
Wells, J. W., 1957, Coral reefs, Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. 67(1):609–631.
Williams, E. H. Jr., and Bunckley-Williams, L., 1990, The worldwide coral reef bleaching cycle and related sources of coral mortality, Atoll Res. Bull. 335:1–71.
Wilson, P. A., Jenkins, H. C., Elderfield, H., and Larson, R. L., 1998, The paradox of drowned carbonate platforms and the origin of Cretaceous Pacific guyots, Nature 392:889–894.
Wolanski, E., Drew, A., Abel, K., and O’Brien, J. O., 1988, Tidal jets, nutrient upwelling, and their influence on the productivity of the alga Halimeda in the Ribbon Reefs, Great Barrier Reef, Est. Coast. Shelf Sci. 26:169–201.
Wood, R., 1993, Nutrients, predation and the history of reef building, Palaios 8:526–543.
World Meterological Association, 1995, Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 1994, World Meterological Organization Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project, Report No. 37, World Meterological Organization, Geneva.
Yonge, C. M., 1930, Studies on the physiology of corals. I. Feeding mechanisms and food, Great Barrier Reef Expedition, 1928–29, Sci. Rep. 1:15–57.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2001 Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hallock, P. (2001). Coral Reefs, Carbonate Sediments, Nutrients, and Global Change. In: Stanley, G.D. (eds) The History and Sedimentology of Ancient Reef Systems. Topics in Geobiology, vol 17. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1219-6_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1219-6_11
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-5446-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-1219-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive