Abstract
Chromium for industrial use comes from chromite ore that contains chromium as an oxide, together with varying amounts of iron, aluminum, and manganese; ferrochrome is the primary refining product of chromite ore. Chromium is an important metal in several alloys, notably in stainless and acid-resistant steels. The largest exposed groups are therefore in the production and utilization of steel, especially in welding, flame cutting, grinding and polishing of stainless steels. Chromium salts are used in pigment manufacture, leather tanning, and wood preservation; chromium oxide, and chromic acid exposures occur in chrome plating. Chromium in cement represents an important source to dermal exposures. (IARC, 1980; Nieboer et al., 1984; Stern, 1982).
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Aitio, A., Jarvisalo, J., Kiilunen, M., Kalliomaki, PL., Kalliomaki, K. (1988). Chromium. In: Clarkson, T.W., Friberg, L., Nordberg, G.F., Sager, P.R. (eds) Biological Monitoring of Toxic Metals. Rochester Series on Environmental Toxicity. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0961-1_15
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