Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Metamorphic Fluids: The Evidence from Fluid Inclusions

  • Conference paper
Fluid—Rock Interactions during Metamorphism

Part of the book series: Advances in Physical Geochemistry ((PHYSICAL GEOCHE,volume 5))

Abstract

Detailed microscopic studies of rocks from virtually all terrestrial environments show that one or more minerals in these rocks contain small quantities of liquid (or glass) and/or vapor trapped in cavities generally less than 50 microns in diameter. These are fluid inclusions, and they provide us with samples of the fluid phase present in the rock at some time during its evolution. Early petrographers (Sorby, 1858; Rosenbusch, 1923; Zirkel, 1873) included descriptions of these features. More recently, several individuals (notably Lemmlein, Dolgov, and Ermakov in the U.S.S.R.; Poty, Touret, Touray, and Weisbrod in France; and Roedder in the United States) have emphasized the petrologic information that can be obtained from these fluid inclusions. Two recent publications synthesize and summarize much of the previous work on fluid inclusions: the Mineralogical Association of Canada short course handbook Fluid Inclusions: Applications to Petrology (edited by Hollister and Crawford, 1981) and the Mineralogical Society of America Review in Mineralogy entitled Fluid Inclusions (Roedder, 1984). In this chapter, we emphasize important contributions toward understanding metamorphic processes that have been established through study of fluid inclusions, and we review several areas of ongoing research in which the study of fluid inclusions contributes to discussions of unresolved problems.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ahrens, L.J. (1984) A study of fluid inclusions in the Waterville-Vassalboro region, Maine. BA thesis, Princeton University, New Jersey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Althaus, E., and Johannes, W. (1969) Experimental metamorphism of NaCl-bearing aqueous solutions by reactions with silicates. Amer. J. Sci. 267, 87–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berglund, L., and Touret, J. (1976) Garnet-biotite gneiss in “Systeme du Graphite” (Madagascar): Petrology and fluid inclusions. Lithos 9, 139–148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bilal, A., and Touret, J. (1976) Les inclusions fluides des phenocristaux des laves basaltiques du Puy Beaunit (Massif Central Francais). Bull. Soc. Fr. Mineral. Crist. 100, 324–328.

    Google Scholar 

  • BischofF, J.L., Radtke, A.S., and Rosenbauer, R.J. (1981) Hydrothermal alteration of graywacke by brine and seawater: role of alteration and chloride complexing on metal solubilization at 200° and 350°C. Econ. Geol. 76, 659–676.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowers, T.S., and Helgeson, H.C. (1983a) Calculation of the thermodynamic and geochemical consequences of nonideal mixing in the system H20-C02-NaCl on phase relations in geologic systems: Equation of state for H20-C02-NaCl fluids at high pressures and temperatures. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 47, 1247–1275.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowers, T.S., Helgeson, H.C. (1983b) Calculation of the thermodynamic and geochemical consequences of nonideal mixing in the system H20-C02-NaCl on phase relations in geologic systems: Metamorphic equilibria at high pressures and temperatures. Amer. Mineral. 68, 1059–1075.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowman, J.R., and Essene, E.J. (1982) P-T-X(C 02) conditions of contact metamorphism in the Black Butte aureole, Elkhorn, Montana. Amer. J. Sci. 282, 311–340. Burruss, R.C. (1981) Analysis of fluid inclusions: Phase equilibria at constant volume. Amer. J. Sci. 281, 1104–1126.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burruss, R.C., and Hollister, L.S. (1979) Evidence from fluid inclusions for a pa- leogeothermal gradient at the geothermal test well site, Los Alamos, New Mexico. J. Volc. Geothermal. Res. 5, 163–177.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chatterjee, N.D., and Froese, E. (1975) A thermodynamic study of the pseudobinary join muscovite-paragonite in the system KAlSi308-Al203-Si02-H20. Amer. Mineral. 60, 985–993.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collerson, K.D., and Fryer, B.J. (1978) The role of fluids in the formation and subsequent development of early continental crust. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 67, 151–167.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coolen, J.J.M.M.M. (1980) Chemical Petrology of the Furua Granulite Complex, Southern Tanzania. Amst Univ Pub (GUA) Ser. 1, vol 13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crampon, N. (1973) Metamorphisme hydrothermal en facies salins et penesalins sur l’exemple du complexe salifere de l’extreme Nord Tunisien. Contrib. Minerai. Petrol. 39, 117–140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crawford, M.L. (1981a) Fluid inclusions in metamorphic rocks—low and medium grade, in Mineralogical Association of Canada Short Course Handbook, edited by L.S. Hollister and M.L. Crawford, 6, 157–181.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crawford, M.L. (1981b) Phase equilibria in aqueous fluid inclusions, in Mineralogical Association of Canada Short Course Handbook, edited by L.S. Hollister and M.L. Crawford, 6, 75–100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crawford, M.L., Kraus, D.W., and Hollister, L.S. (1979) Petrologic and fluid inclusion study of calc-silicate rocks, Prince Rupert, British Columbia. Amer. J. Sci. 279, 1135–1159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crawford, M.L., Stout, M.Z., and Ghent, E.D. (1984) P-T-X (fluid) evolution in Al2Si05-bearing schist, Mica Creek, BC. Geol. Soc. Amer. Abstr. Progs. 16, 478.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubessy, J., (1984) Simulation des equilibres chimiques dans le systeme C-O-H, Consequences methodologiques pour les inclusions fluides. Bull. Mineral. 107, 155–168.

    Google Scholar 

  • Durney, D.W. (1972) Deformation history of the western Helvetic Nappes, Valais, Switzerland. Thesis, London University, England.

    Google Scholar 

  • Durney, D.W. (1974) Relations entre les temperatures d’homogeneisation d’inclusions fluides et les mineraux metamorphiques dans les nappes helvetiques du Valais. Bull. Soc. Geol. France 16, 269–272.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eggler, D.H., and Kadik, A.A. (1979) The system NaAlSi308-H20-C02 to 20 kbar pressure: Compositional and thermodynamic relations of liquids and vapors coex-isting with albite. Amer. Mineral. 64, 1036–1048.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eugster, H.P., and Gunter, W.D. (1981) The compositions of supercritical metamor-phic solutions. Bull. Minéral. 104, 817–826.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eugster, H.P., and Skippen, G.B. (1967) Igneous and metamorphic reactions involv-ing gas equilibria, in Researches in Geochemistry, 2, edited by L.S. Abelson, pp. 492–520. Wiley and Sons, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eugster, H.P., Albee, A.L., Bence, A.E., Thompson, Jr., J.B., and Waldbaum, D.R. (1972) The two phase region and excess mixing properties of paragonite- muscovite crystalline solutions. J. Petrol. 13, 147–179.

    Google Scholar 

  • Franck, E.U. (1977) Equilibria in aqueous electrolyte systems at high temperatures and pressures, in Phase Equilibria and Fluid Properties in the Chemical Industry, ACS Symposium Series 60, Washington.

    Google Scholar 

  • French, B.M. (1966) Some geological implications of equilibrium between graphite and a C-H-O gas phase at high temperatures and pressures. Rev. Geophys. 4, 223– 253.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frey, M., Bûcher, K., Frank, E., and Mullis, J. (1980) Alpine metamorphism along the Geotraverse Basel-Chiasso—a review. Eclogae. Geol. Helv. 73, 527–546.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friend, C.R.L. (1983) The link between charnockite formation and granite produc-tion: Evidence from Kabbaldurga, Karnataka, southern India, in Migmatites, Melting and Metmaorphism, edited by M.P. Atherton and C.D. Gribble, pp. 264– 276. Shiva Publ. Co., Nantwich.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frost, B.R. (1979) Mineral equilibria involving mixed volatiles in a C-O-H fluid phase: The stabilities of graphite and silicate. Amer. J. Sci. 279, 1033–1054.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fyfe, W.S. (1973) The generation of batholiths. Tectonophysics 17, 273–283.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gehrig, M. (1980) Phasengleichgewichte und PVT-Daten ternarer Mischungen aus Wasser, Kohlendioxid und Natriumchlorid bix 3 kbar und 550°C. Thesis, University of Karlsruhe, West Germany.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gehrig, M., Lentz, H., and Franck, E.U. (1979) Thermodynamic properties of water-carbon dioxide-sodium chloride mixtures at high temperatures and pressures, in High-Pressure Science and Technology, 7, Physical properties and material synthesis, edited by K.D. Timmerhaus and M.S. Barber, pp. 539–542.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghent, E.D., Knitter, C.C., Raeside, R.P., and Stout, M.Z. (1982) Geothermometry and geobarometry of pelitic rocks, upper kyanite and sillimanite zones, Mica Creek area, British Columbia. Can. Mineral. 20, 295–305.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glassley, W.E. (1983) The role of C02 in the chemical modification of deep continen-tal crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 47, 597–616.

    Google Scholar 

  • Granath, V.C.H., Papike, J.J., and Labotka, T.C. (1983) The Notch Peak contact metamorphic member of the Orr Formation. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 94, 889–906.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenwood, H.J. (1975) Buffering of pore fluids by metamorphic reactions. Amer. J. Sci. 275, 573–593.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guilhaumou, N., Dhamelincourt, P., Touray, J.C., and Touret, J. (1981) Etude des inclusions fluides du systeme N2-C02 des dolomites et de quartz de Tunisie septen-trionale. Donnees de la microthermometrie et de l’analyse a la microsonde a effet Raman. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 45, 657–673.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hansen, E.C., Newton, R.C., and Janardhan, A.S. (1984) Fluid inclusions in rocks from the amphibolite-facies gneiss to charnokite progression in southern Karna- taka, India: Direct evidence concerning the fluids of granulite metamorphism. J. Metam. Geol. 2, 249–264.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hendel, E.M., and Hollister, L.S. (1981) An empirical solvus for C02-H20-2.6 wt. % salt. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 45, 225–228.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hollister, L.S. (1973) Immiscible fluid phases during metamorphism, Khtada Lake Area, British Columbia. Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union 54, 1225.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hollister, L.S. (1982) Metamorphic evidence for rapid (2 mm/yr) uplift of a portion of the Central Gneiss Complex, Coast Mountains, British Columbia. Can. Mineral. 20, 319–332.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hollister, L.S., and Burruss, R.C. (1976) Phase equilibria in fluid inclusions from the Khtada Lake metamorphic complex. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 40, 163– 175.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hollister, L.S., Burruss, R.C., Henry, D.L., and Hendel, E.M. (1979) Physical conditions during uplift of metamorphic terrains, as recorded by fluid inclusions. Bull. Minéral. 102, 555–561.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hollister, L.S., and Crawford, M.L. (1981) Short course in fluid inclusions: Applications to petrology. Mineralogical Association of Canada Short Course Handbook, 6, 304 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holloway, J.R. (1981) Compositions and volumes of super-critical fluids in the earth’s crust, in Mineralogical Association of Canada Short Course Handbook, edited by L.S. Hollister and M.L. Crawford, 6, 13–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holloway, J.R. (1984) Graphite-CH4-H20-C02 equilibria at low-grade metamorphic conditions. Geology 12, 455–458.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holt, R.W., and Wightman, R.T. (1983) The role of fluids in the development of a granulite facies transition zone in S India. J. Geol. Soc. London 140, 651–656.

    Google Scholar 

  • Itihara, Y., and Honma, H. (1979) Ammonium in biotite from metamorphic and granitic rocks of Japan. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 43, 503–509.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs, G.K., and Kerrick, D.M. (1981) APL and FORTRAN programs for a new equation of state for H20, C02, and their mixtures at supercritical conditions. Computers Geosci. 7, 131–143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Janardhan, A.S., Newton, R.C., and Smith, J.V. (1979) Ancient crustal metamorphism at low PH2O Charnockite formation at Kabbaldurga, South India. Nature 278, 511–514.

    Google Scholar 

  • Juster, T.C., and Brown, P.E. (1984) Fluids in pelitic rocks during very low grade metamorphism. Geol. Soc. Amer. Abstr. Progs. 16, 553.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kadik, A.A., and Lukanin, O.A. (1973) The solubility-dependent behavior of water and carbon dioxide in magmatic processes. Geochem. Internat. 10, 115–129.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kenah, C., and Hollister, L.S. (1983) Anatexis in the Central Gneiss Complex, British Columbia, in Migmatites, Melting and Metamorphism, edited by M.P. Atherton and C.D. Gribble, pp. 142–162. Shiva Publ. Co., Nantwich.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kerrich, R. (1976) Some effects of tectonic recrystallization on fluid inclusions in vein quartz. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 59, 195–202.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khitarov, N.I., and Kadik, A.A. (1973) Water and carbon dioxide in magmatic melts and peculiarities of the melting process. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 41, 205–215.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreulen, R. (1980) C02-rich fluids during regional metamorphism on Naxos (Greece): Carbon isotopes and fluid inclusions. Amer. J. Sci. 280, 745–771.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreulen, R., and Schuiling, R.D. (1982) N2-CH4-C02 fluids during formation of the Dome de l’Agout, France. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 46, 193–203.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lamb, W., and Valley, J.W. (1984) Metamorphism of reduced granulites in low-C02 vapourfree environment. Nature 312, 56–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lemmlein, G.G. (1956) Formation of fluid inclusions and their use in geological thermometry. Geochemistry 6, 630–642.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leroy, J. (1979) Contribution a l’etallonage de la pression interne des inclusions fluides lors de leur decrepitation. Bull. Minéral. 120, 584–593.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luckscheiter, B., and Morteani, G. (1980) Microthermometrical and chemical studies of fluid inclusions in minerals from Alpine veins from the penninic rocks of the central and western Tauern window (Austria/Italy). Lithos 13, 61–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mercolli, I. (1979) Le inclusioni fluide nei noduli di quarzo dei marmi dolomitici della regione del Campo lungo (Ticino). Eid. Techn. Hochschule, Zürich.

    Google Scholar 

  • Milovskiy, A.V., and Volynets, V.F. (1966) Nitrogen in metamorphic rocks. Geochem. Internat. 3, 752–758.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mullis, J. (1975) Growth conditions of quartz crystals from Val d’Illiez (Valais, Switzerland). Schweiz. Min. Pet. Mitt. 55, 419–429.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mullis, J. (1976) Das Wachstumsmilieu der Quarzkristalle im Val d’Illiez (Wallis, Schweiz). Schweiz. Min. Pet. Mitt. 56, 219–268.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mullis, J. (1979) The system methane-water as a geologic thermometer and barometer from the external part of the Central Alps. Bull. Minéral. 102, 526–536.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mullis, J. (1983) Evolution and migration of the fluids in the central Alps during the retrograde metamorphism. European Current Res. on Fluid Inclusions Symposium, 6–8 Apr. 1983. Soc. Franc. Mineral. Crist., Orleans, p. 44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mullis, J., Dubessy, J., Kosztolanyi, C., and Poty, B. (1983) Fluid evolution in alpine fissures during prograde and retrograde metamorphism along the geotraverse: Lucerne—Bellinzona (Swiss Alps), European Current Res. on Fluid Inclusions Symposium, 6–8 Apr. 1983. Soc. Franc. Mineral, et Crist., Orleans, p. 46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Naumov, V.B., Balitskiy, V.S., and Khetchikov, L.N. (1966) Correlation of the temperatures of formation, homogenization, and decrepitation of gas-fluid inclu-sions. Akad. Nauk SSSR Dokl. 171 (1), 146–148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Naumov, V.B., Khakimov, A.K.H., and Khodakovskiy, I.L. (1974) Solubility of carbon dioxide in concentrated chloride solutions at high temperatures and pres-sures. Geochem. Internat. 11, 31–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nesbitt, H.W. (1980) Genesis of the New Quebec and Adirondack granulites: evi-dence for their production by partial melting. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 72, 303– 310.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newton, R.C., Windley, B.F., and Smith, J.V. (1980) Carbonic metamorphism, granulites, and crustal growth. Nature 288, 45–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norris, R.J., and Henley, R.W. (1976) Dewatering of a metamorphic pile. Geology 4, 333–336.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohmoto, H., and Kerrick, D.M. (1977) Devolatilization equlibria in graphitic sys-tems. Amer. J. Sci. 277, 1013–1044.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olsen, S.N. (1977) Origin of the Baltimore Gneiss migmatites at Piney Creek, Mary-land. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 88, 1089–1101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pagel, M. (1975) Cadre geologique des gisements d’uranium de la structure Car s well, Canada. Etude des phases fluides. Thesis 3 cycle, Nancy.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paxton, S.T. (1984) Occurrence and distribution of ammonium illite in the Pennsylvania, USA coal fields and proposed relationship to thermal maturity. Geol. Soc. Amer. Abstr. Progs. 16, 620.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pecher, A. (1979) Les inclusions fluides des quartz d’exsudation de la zone MCT himalayen au Nepal Central: donnees sur la phase fluide dans une grande zone de cisaillement crustal. Bull. Minéral. 102, 537–554.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poty, B., Stalder, H.,and Weisbrod, A. (1974) Fluid inclusions studies in quartz from fissures of western and central Alps. Schweiz. Min. Pet. Mitt. 54, 717–752.

    Google Scholar 

  • Powell, R. (1983a) Processes in granulite facies metamorphism, in Migmatites, Melt-ing and Metamorphism, edited by M.P. Atherton and C.D. Gribble, pp. 127–139. Shiva Publ. Co., Nantwich.

    Google Scholar 

  • Powell, R. (1983b) Fluids and melting under upper amphibolite facies conditions. J. Geol. Soc. 140, 629–633.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramsay, J.G. (1980) The crack-seal mechanism of rock deformation. Nature 284, 135–139.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rich, R.A. (1979) Fluid inclusion evidence of Silurian evaporites in southeastern Vermont. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 90, 1628–1643.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roedder, E. (1971) Fluid inclusion studies on the porphyry-type ore deposits at Bingham (Utah), Butte (Montana), Climax (Colorado). Econ. Geol. 66, 98–120.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roedder, E. (1972) The composition of fluid inclusions, in Data of Geochemistry. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 440JJ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roedder, E. (1981a) Origin of fluid inclusions and changes that occur after trapping, in Mineralogie Association of Canada Short Course Handbook, edited by L.S. Hollister and M.L. Crawford, 6, 101–137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roedder, E. (1981b) Problems in the use of fluid inclusions to investigate fluid—rock interactions in igneous and metamorphic processes. Fortschr. Mineral. 59, 267– 302.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roedder, E. (1984) Fluid inclusions. Reviews in Mineralogy 12. Mineral. Soc. America.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenbusch, H. (1923) Mikroskopische Physio graphie des Petrographisch wichtigen Miner alien. 5 Auflag von O. Mugge, Stuttgart.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saliot, P., Grappin, C., Guilhaumou, N., and Touray, J.-C. (1978) Conditions de formation des inclusions fluides hypersalines de quelques quartz de la “zone des gypses” (Vanoise, Alpes de Savoie). C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Ser. D 286, 379–381.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saliot, P., Guilhaumou, N., and Barbillat, J. (1982) Les inclusions fluides dans les mineraux du metamorphisme a laumontite-prehnite-pumpellyite des gres du Champsaur (Alpes du Dauphine). Etude du mecanisme de circulation des fluides. Bull. Minéral. 105, 648–657.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanford, R.F. (1980) Textures and mechanisms of metamorphic reactions in the Cockeysville Marble near Texas, Maryland. Amer. Mineral. 65, 654–669.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sauniac, S., and Touret, J. (1983) Petrology and fluid inclusions of a quartz-kyanite segregation in the main thrust zone of the Himalayas. Lithos 16, 35–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schulien, S. (1980) Mg-Fe partitioning between biotite and a supercritical chloride solution. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 74, 85–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Selverstone, J. (1982) Fluid inclusions as petrogenetic indicators in granulite xeno- liths, Pali-Aike volcanic field, southern Chile. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 79, 1–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Selverstone, J., Spear, F.S. Franz, G., and Morteani, G. (1984) High pressure meta- morphism in the SW Tauern window, Austria. P-T paths from hornblende- kyanite-staurolite schists. J. Petrol. 25, 501–531.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shelton, K.L., and Orville, P.M. (1980) Formation of synthetic fluid inclusions in natural quartz. Amer. Mineral. 65, 1233–1236.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sisson, V.B., Crawford, M.L., and Thompson, P.H. (1981) C02-brine immiscibility at high temperatures, evidence from calcareous metasedimentary rocks. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 78, 371–378.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, D.L., and Evans, B. (1984) Diffusional crack healing in quartz. J. Geophys. Res. 89, 4125 - 4135.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sorby, H.C. (1858) On the microscopical structure of crystals, indicating the origin of minerals and rocks. Quart. J. Geol. Soc. London 14, 453–500.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spera, F.J., and Bergman, S.C. (1982) Carbon dioxide in igneous petrogenesis. I. Aspects of the dissolution of C02 in silicate liquids. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 74, 55–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stalder, H.A., and Touray, J.C. (1970) Fensterquartz with methane-bearing inclu-sions from the western part of the northern sedimentary Swiss Alps. Schweiz. Min. Pet. Mitt. 50, 109–130.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sterner, S.M., and Bodner, R.J. (1984) Synthetic fluid inclusions in natural quartz. I. Compositional types synthesized and applications to experimental geochemistry. Geochim. Cosmochim.Acta 48, 2659–2668.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sterner, S.M., and Bodner, R.J. (1984) Synthetic fluid inclusions in natural quartz. I. Compositional types synthesized and applications to experimental geochemistry. Geochim. Cosmochim.Acta 48, 2659–2668.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swanenberg, H.E.C. (1980) Phase equilibria in carbonic systems and their applica-tion to freezing studies of fluid inclusions. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 68, 303–306.

    Google Scholar 

  • Takenouchi, S., Kennedy, G.C. (1965) The solubility of carbon dioxide in NaCl solutions at high temperatures and pressures. Amer. J. Sci. 263, 445–454.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tan, T.H., and Kwak, T.A.P. (1979) The measurement of the thermal history around the Grassy Granodiorite, King Island, Tasmania, by use of fluid inclusion data. J. Geol. 87, 43–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, A.B. (1983) Fluid-absent metamorphism. J. Geol. Soc. 140, 533–548.

    Google Scholar 

  • Todheide, K., and Franck, E.U. (1963) Das Zweiphasengebiet und die kritische Kurve in System Kohlendioxid-Wasser bis zu Drucken von 3,500 bar. Zeitschr. Chimie. Neufolge. 37, 388–401.

    Google Scholar 

  • Touray, J.-C. (1970) Analyse thermo-optique des familles d’inclusions a depots salins (principalement halite). Schweiz. Min. Pet. Mitt. 50, 67–79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Touret, J. (1970) Le faciès granulite, metamorphisme en milieu carbonique. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Ser. D 271, 2228–2231.

    Google Scholar 

  • Touret, J. (1971) Le facies granulite en Norvege meridionale. II. Les inclusions fluides. Lithos 4, 423–436.

    Google Scholar 

  • Touret, J. (1974) Facies granulite et fluides carboniques, in Centenaire de la societe geologique de la Belgique: geologie des domaines cristallins. Liege, pp. 267–287.

    Google Scholar 

  • Touret, J. (1977) The significance of fluid inclusions in metamorphic rocks, in Ther-modynamics in Geology, edited by C.D.G. Fraser, pp. 203–227. D. Reidel, Dordrecht/Boston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Touret, J. (1981) Fluid inclusions in high grade metamorphic rocks, in Mineralogical Association of Canada Short Course Handbook, edited by L.S. Hollister and M.L. Crawford, 6, 182–208.

    Google Scholar 

  • Touret, J., and Dietvorst, P. (1983), Fluid inclusions in high-grade anatectic meta- morphites. J. Geol. Soc. London 140, 635–649.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tuttle, O.F. (1949) Structural petrology of planes of liquid inclusions. J. Geol. 57, 331–356.

    Google Scholar 

  • Valley, J.W., and O’Neil, J.R. (1981) 13C/12C exchange between calcite and graphite: A possible thermometer in Grenville marbles. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 45, 411–419.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vidale, R. (1983) Pore solution compositions in a pelitic system at high temperatures, pressures and salinities. Amer. J. Sci. 283-A, 298–313.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walther, J.V. (1983) Description and interpretation of metasomatic phase relations at high pressures and temperatures. 2. Metasomatic reactions between quartz and dolomite at Campolungo, Switzerland. Amer. J. Sci. 283-A, 459–485.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walther, J.V., and Orville, P.M. (1982) Volatile production and transport in regional metamorphism. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 79, 252–257.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walther, J.V., and Wood, D.J. (1984) Rate and mechanism in prograde metamor-phism. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 88, 246–259.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weisbrod, A., and Poty, B. (1975) Thermodynamics and geochemistry of the hydro- thermal evolution of the Mayres pegmatite south-eastern Massif Central (France), Part I. Petrologie 1, 1–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilkins, R.W.T., and Barkas, J.P. (1978) Fluid inclusions, deformation and recrys- tallization in granite tectonites. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 65, 293–299.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wlotzka, F. (1961) Geochemistry of nitrogen. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 24, 106– 154.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yardley, B.W.D. (1983) Quartz veins and devolatilization during metamorphism. J. Geol. Soc. 140, 657–663.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yardley, B.W.D., Shepherd, T.J., and Barber, J.P. (1983) Fluid inclusion studies of high-grade rocks from Connemara, Ireland, in Migmatites, Melting and Metamorphism, edited by M.P. Atherton and C.D. Gribble, pp. 110–126. Shiva Publ. Co., Nantwich.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ypma, P.J.M., and Fuzikawa, K. (1980) Fluid inclusion and oxygen isotope studies of the Nabarlek and Jabiluka uranium deposits, Northern Territory, Australia. Proc. Int. Uranium Symp. on the Pine Creek Geosyncline. Int. Atomic Energy Agency, pp. 375–395.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zirkel, F. (1873) Die Mikroskopische Beschaffenheit der Mineralien und Gesteine. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 502 pp.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. M. L. Crawford
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. L. S. Hollister
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geological Sciences, Northwestern University, 60201, Evanston, Illinois, USA

    John V. Walther  & Bernard J. Wood  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1986 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.

About this paper

Cite this paper

Crawford, M.L., Hollister, L.S. (1986). Metamorphic Fluids: The Evidence from Fluid Inclusions. In: Walther, J.V., Wood, B.J. (eds) Fluid—Rock Interactions during Metamorphism. Advances in Physical Geochemistry, vol 5. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4896-5_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4896-5_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-387-96244-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-4896-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation