Skip to main content

Unraveling the Mysteries of Writing Through Strategy Instruction

  • Chapter
Intervention Research in Learning Disabilities

Abstract

Mildly handicapped students experience serious difficulties in expository writing. Although researchers have documented the difficulties these students have with the mechanics of writing (Myklebust, 1973; Poplin, Gray, Larsen, Banikoski, & Mehring, 1980), there are more formidable and less visible difficulties in their abilities to construct well-formed prose and in the thinking processes that underlie text composition.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bruce, B., Collins, A., Rubin, A.D., & Gentner, D. (1982). Three perspective on writing. Educational Psychologist, 17, 131 – 145.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daiute, C. (1985). Do writers talk to themselves? In S. Freedman (Ed.), The acquisition of written language(pp. 133 – 159 ). Norwood NJ: Ablex.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dyson, A.H. (1987). The value of “Time off task”: Young children’s spontaneous talk and deliberate text. Harvard Educational Review, 57, 396 – 419.

    Google Scholar 

  • Englert, C.S., & Raphael, T.E. (1989). Developing successful writers through cognitive strategy instruction. In J.E. Brophy (Ed.), Advances in research on teaching(vol. 1, pp. 105 – 151 ). CT: JAI Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Englert, C.S., Raphael, T.E., & Anderson, L.M. (1989) Socially-mediated instruction: Improving students’ knowledge and talk about writing. Unpublished manuscript, Michigan State University: Institute for Research on Teaching, East Lansing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Englert, C.S., Raphael, T.E., Anderson, L.M., Anthony, H.M., Stevens, D.D., & Fear, K.L. (1989). Making writing strategies and self-talk visible: Cognitive strategy instruction in writing in regular and special education classrooms. Unpublished manuscript, Michigan State University: Institute for Research on Teaching, East Lansing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Englert, C.S., Raphael, T.E., Anderson, L.M., Gregg, S.L., & Anthony, H.M. (1989). Exposition: Reading, writing and the metacognitive knowledge of learning disabled students. Learning Disabilities Research, 5, 5 – 24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Englert, C.S., Raphael, T.E., Fear, K.L., & Anderson, L.M. (1988). Students’ metacognitive knowledge about how to write informational texts. Learning Disability Quarterly, 11, 18 – 46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Englert, C.S., & Thomas, C.C. (1987). Sensitivity to text structure in reading and writing: A comparison of learning disabled and nonhandicapped students. Learning Disability Quarterly, 10, 93 – 105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flower, L., & Hayes, J.R. (1981). A cognitive process theory of writing. College Composition and Communication, 35, 365 – 387.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hayes, J.R., & Flower, L.S. (1987). On the structure of the writing process. Topics in Language disorders, 7, 19 – 30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hillocks, G. (1986). Research on written composition. Urbana, IL: National Conference on Research in English.

    Google Scholar 

  • Isaacson, S. (1987). Effective instruction in written language. Focus on Exceptional Children, 19(6), 1 – 12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langer, J. A. (1981). From theory to practice: A prereading plan. Journal of Reading, 25, 152 – 156.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lemke, J.L. (1982). Talking physics. Physics Education. 17, 263 – 267.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, B.J.F. (1975). The organization of prose and its effects on memory. Amersterdam: North-Holland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, B.J.F., Brandt, D.H., & Bluth, G.J. (1980). Use of author’s textual schema. Key for ninth-graders’ comprehension. Reading Research Quarterly, 16, 72 – 103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Myklebust, H.R. (1973). Development and disorders of written language. Vol. 2. Studies of normal and exceptional children. New York: Grune and Stratton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palincsar, A.S., & Brown, A.L. (1984). Reciprocal teaching of comprehension-fostering and comprehension-monitoring activities. Cognition and Instruction, 1, 117 – 175.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Poplin, M.S., Gray, R., Larsen, S., Banikowski, A., & Mehring, T (1980). A comparison of written expression abilities in learning disabled and non-learning disabled students at three grade levels. Learning Disability Quarterly, 3, 46 – 53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Poteet, J. A. (1978). Characteristics of written expression of learning disabled and non-learning disabled elementary school students. (ERIC Document ED 1590830). Muncie, IN: Ball State University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raphael, T.E., Englert, C.S., & Kirschner, B.W. (1986). The impact of text structure instruction within a process writing orientation on fifth and sixth grade students’ comprehension and production of expository text. Paper presented at the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raphael, T.E., & Englert, C.S. (1990). Reading and writing: Partners in constructing meaning. The Reading Teacher, 43, 388 – 400.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scardamalia, M., & Bereiter, C. (1983). The development of evaluative, diagnostic and remedial capabilities in children’s composing. In M. Martlew (Ed.), The psychology of written language: Developmental and educational perspectives(pp. 67 – 95 ). London: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scardamalia, M., & Bereiter, C. (1986). Written composition. In M. Wittrock (Ed.,), Handbook of research on teaching(3rd ed., pp. 778 – 803 ). New York: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scardamalia, M., & Bereiter, C. (1987). Knowledge telling and knowledge transforming in written composition. In S. Rosenberg (Ed.), Advances in applied psvcholinguistics: Vol. 2. Reading, writing, and language learning(pp. 142 – 175 ). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tharp, R.G., & Gallimore, R. (1988). Rousing minds to life: Teaching, learning, and schooling in social context. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vygotsky, L. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. M. Cole, V. John-Steiner, S. Scribner, & E. Souberman, Eds. & Trans. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wong, B.Y.L., Wong, R., & Blenkisop, J. (1989). Cognitive and metacognitive aspects of learning-disabled adolescents’ composing problems. Learning Disability Quarterly, 12, 300 – 323.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1990 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Englert, C.S. (1990). Unraveling the Mysteries of Writing Through Strategy Instruction. In: Scruggs, T.E., Wong, B.Y.L. (eds) Intervention Research in Learning Disabilities. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3414-2_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3414-2_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-387-97280-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-3414-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics