Abstract
Landscape ecology is an emerging science, with a complex character and heterogeneous content, but with a clearly scientific philosophical (epistemological) background. Before we describe the subject, it is worth explaining why land ecology or landscape ecology is a science, rather than just a “state of mind” or a mix of social activities and attitudes (I. Zonneveld, 1982; Theorie Werkgroep, 1986).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bartkowski, T. 1984. Introduction to the workshop landscape ecological concepts and the relation between landscape ecology and landscape perception. In Proceedings of the first international seminar on methodology in landscape ecological research and planning. Roskilde University Center, Denmark, Vol. 1, pp. 109–16
Beek, K. J. 1978. Land evaluation for agriculture development. ILRI Publication Number 3. Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Brandt, J. and P. Agger, eds. 1984. Proceedings of the first international seminar on methodology in landscape ecological research and planning. 5 vol. Roskilde University Center, Denmark.
Brunt, M. 1967. The methods employed by the Directorate of Overseas Surveys in the assessment of land resources. Etude de Synthèse VI, Proceedings of the DOS Symposium. International Archives of Photogrammetry 16:2–10.
Burrough, P. A. 1986. Principles of geographic information systems for land resources assessment. Clarendon Press. Oxford.
Capra, F. 1982. The turning point—science, society and the rising culture. Fontana, London.
Christian, C. S. and G. A. Stewart. 1964. Methodology of integrates surveys. Proceedings of the UNESCO conference on principles and methods of integrated aerial surveys of natural resources for potential development. UNESCO Recherches sur les Resources Naturelles 6:233–80.
Cramer, S., M. Kuiper, and C. Vos. 1984. Landschapsecologie: Een nieuwe onderzoeksrichting? Landschap 1:176–83
Doing, H. 1974. Landschapsecologie van de duinstreek tussen Wassenaar en IJmuiden [Landscape ecology of the sand dune areas between Wassenaar and IJmuiden (Netherlands)]. Med LH, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
FAO. 1976. A framework for land evaluation. Soils Bulletin 32. FAO, Rome.
Forman, R. T. T. 1982. Interaction among landscape elements: A core of landscape ecology. In S. P. Tjallingii and A. A. de Veer, eds., Perspectives in landscape ecology, Proceedings of the International Congress of the Netherlands Society of landscape ecology. PUDOC, Wageningen, The Netherlands, pp. 35–48.
Forman, R. T. T. and M. Godron. 1986. Landscape ecology. Wiley, New York.
Haase, G. 1984. The development of a common methodology of inventory and survey in landscape ecology. In J. Brandt and P. Agger, eds., Proceedings of the first international seminar on methodology in landscape ecological research and planning. Roskilde University Center, Denmark, Vol. 5, pp. 68–107.
Küchler, A. W., and I. S. Zonneveld, eds. 1988. Handbook of vegetation science and vegetation mapping. Junk, The Hague.
Kwakernaak, C. 1982. Landscape ecology of a prealpine area. A contribution to the unifying concept of landscape ecology based on investigations in the la Berra-Schwarzsee area (Fribourg, Switzerland). Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Amsterdam.
Kwakernaak, C. 1986. Informatie als begrip in de landschapsecologie (Information as a concept in landscape ecology). Landschap 3:182–9, 248.
Leser, H. 1984. Zum Oekologie, Oekosystem und Oekotopbegriff. Natur und Landschaft 59(9):301–7.
Lovelock, J. E. 1979. Gaia, a new look at life on earth. (Dutch ed.) Bruna, Utrecht/Antwerp, The Netherlands.
MacArthur, R. H. and E. O. Wilson. 1967. The theory of island biogeography. Princeton University Press, NJ.
Merriam, G. 1984. Connectivity: A fundamental ecological characteristic of landscape pattern. In J. Brandt and P. Agger, eds., Proceedings of the first international seminar on methodology in landscape ecological research and planning. Roskilde University Center, Denmark, Vol. 1, pp. 5–17.
Naveh, Z. and A. S. Lieberman. 1984. Landscape ecology: Theory and application. Springer-Verlag, New York.
Neef, E. 1967. Die theoretischen Grundlagen der Landschaftslehre. Haack, Gotha/Leipzig.
Pedroli, B. 1983. Landscape concept and landscape and rangeland surveys in the Soviet Union. ITC Journal 1983–1984:307–21.
Perry, R. A. 1967. Integrated surveys of pastoral areas. In Integrated survey of natural grazing areas. ITC/UNESCO Center for Integrated Surveys, Publication S20, Delft, The Netherlands.
Phipps, M. 1982. Information theory and landscape analysis. Proc. int. congr. neth. soc. landscape ecol., Veldhoven. PUDOC, Wageningen, The Netherlands, pp. 57–64.
Poore, M. E. D. and V. C. Robertson. 1964. An approach to the rapid description and mapping of biological habitats. The Nature Conservancy, London.
Rickler, H. and G. Schönfelder, eds. 1986. Landscape synthesis. Kongress und tagungsbericht. M. Luther Universität, Halle-Wittenberg, German Democratic Republic.
Risser, P. G., J. R. Karr, and R. T. T. Forman. 1984. Landscape ecology:—directions and approaches. Illinois Natural History Survey Special Publication Number 2, Champaign, Illinois.
Rowe, S. 1988. Landscape ecology: the study of terrain in ecosystems. In R. Moss, ed. Landscape ecology and Management. Polyscience, Montreal.
Ruzicka, M. and L. Miklos. 1982. Methodology of ecological landscape evaluation for optimal development of territory. In S. P. Tjallingii and A. A. de Veer, eds., Perspectives in landscape ecology, Proceedings of the international congress Netherlands society of landscape ecology. PUDOC, Wageningen, The Netherlands, pp. 99–109.
Schmithüsen, J. 1963. Der wissenschaftliche Landschaftsbegriff. Mitt. der floristischsoziologischen Arbeitsgemeinschaft NF 10:9–19.
Schmithüsen, J. 1974. Landschaft und vegetation. Gesammelte Aufsätze von 1934 bis 1971. Georgr. Inst. Univ. Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, German Democratic Republic.
Siderius, W., ed. 1984. Proceedings of the workshop on land evaluation for extensive grazing, Addis Ababa. ILRI, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Slovak Academy of Sciences. 1985. Proceedings seventh international symposium on problems of landscape ecological research. Pezinok, Bratislava, Czechoslovakia.
Smuts, J. C. 1926. Holism and evolution. MacMillan, London.
Teilhard de Chardin, P. 1955. Le phénomène humain. Editions du Seuil, Paris.
Theorie Werkgroep WLO. 1986. Methodes der begrippen in de landschapsecologie. Netherlands Society for Landscape Ecology. Landschap 3:172–81, 248.
Thie, J. and G. Ironside, eds. 1976. Ecological (biophysical) land classification in Canada. Ecological Land Classification Series Number 1. Lands Directorate, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Canada.
Tjallingii, S. P. and A. A. de Veer, eds. 1982. Perspectives in landscape ecology, Proceedings of the international congress of the Netherlands Society for landscape ecology. PUDOC, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Troll, C. 1950. Die geografische Landschaft und ihre Forschung. Studium Generale 3, 45. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 163–81.
van Leeuwen, C. G. 1982. From ecosystem to ecodevice. In S. P. Tjallingii and A. P. de Veer, eds., Perspectives in landscape ecology, Proceedings of the international congress of the netherlands society of landscape ecology. PUDOC, Wageningen, The Netherlands, pp. 29–36
van der Maarel, E. and P. L. Dauvellier. 1978. Naar een globaal ecologisch model voor de ruimtelijke ontwikkeling van nederland (GEM, 3 Vols). Summary, General ecological model. General Physical Planning Outline, part 3. Min Ruimt Ordening, The Hague.
Vink, A. P. A. 1980. Landschapecologie en landgebruik. Bohn, Scheltema and Holkema, Amsterdam.
Vink, A. P. A. 1982. Anthropocentric landscape ecology in rural areas. In S. P. Tjallingii and A. F. de Veer, eds., Perspectives in landscape ecology, Proceedings of the international congress of the netherlands society for landscape ecology. PUDOC, Wageningen, The Netherlands: pp. 87–98,
Vos, W., W. B. Harms, and A. H. F. S. Storfelder, eds. 1982. Voor onderzoek naar landschap ecologische relaties tussen ecosystemen. Rijksinstituut voor Onderzoek in Bos- en Landschapsbouw, Rep. 246. De Dorschkamp, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Zonneveld, I. S. 1979. Land evaluation and land(scape) science. ITC Textbook VII.4, 2nd ed. ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands.
Zonneveld, I. S. 1982. Land(scape) ecology, a science or a state of mind. In S. P. Tjallingii and A. f. de Veer, eds. Perspectives in landscape ecology, Proceedings of the international congress of the Netherlands society of landscape ecology. PUDOC, Wageningen, The Netherlands, pp. 9–15.
Zonneveld, I. S. 1984. Landschapsbeeld en landschapsecologie (Landscape physiognomy and landscape ecology). Landschap 1:5–9, 72.
Zonneveld, I. S. 1985. Conclusions and outlook of the 1st IALE seminar 1984, Roskilde. IALE Bulletin. 3:7–18.
Zonneveld, I. S. 1986. A systematic approach to the evaluation of rangeland inventory data. In Rangelands, a resource under siege, Proceedings of the 2nd international rangeland congress, Australian Academy of Science, Canberra, pp. 515–16.
Zonneveld, J. I. S. 1981. The ecological backdrop of regional geography. In S. P. Tjallingii and A. f. de Veer, eds., Perspectives in landscape ecology, Proceedings of the international congress of the Netherlands society of landscape ecology, Veldhoven. PUDOC, Wageningen, The Netherlands, pp. 67–9
Zonneveld, J. I. S. 1985a. The landscape, our environment. Geograficky Casopis, Roch’k 37:277–86.
Zonneveld, J. I. S. 1985b. A collection of graphical models used in landscape ecology. Department of Geography, State University of Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1990 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Zonneveld, I.S. (1990). Scope and Concepts of Landscape Ecology as an Emerging Science. In: Zonneveld, I.S., Forman, R.T.T. (eds) Changing Landscapes: An Ecological Perspective. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3304-6_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3304-6_1
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7959-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-3304-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive