Abstract
The mechanics and mechanisms of ductile fracture are reviewed, emphasizing the effect of multi-axial states of stress on the mechanisms of hole nucleation, growth, and coalescence. This provides a basis for a discussion of crack extension by ductile failure mechanisms, with particular reference to ways in which the constraint can be quantified in a two parameter constraint based fracture mechanics methodology.
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Hancock, J.W. (1992). Constraint and Stress State Effects in Ductile Fracture. In: Argon, A.S. (eds) Topics in Fracture and Fatigue. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2934-6_3
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