Abstract
Hundreds of psychotherapy outcome studies have taught us that people successfully change with the help of professional treatments (Smith et al., 1980). These same studies have taught us very little, however, about how people change with therapy. Numerous studies have also taught us that the majority of people with problems change without the benefit of therapy (Shapiro et al., 1984). These studies have taught us very little, however, about how people change on their own.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abrams, D.B., Follick, M.J. & Biener, L. (1988). Individual versus group self-help smoking cessation at the workplace: Initial impact and twelve month outcomes. In T. Glynn (Chair), Four National Cancer Institute-funded self-help smoking cessation trials: Interim results and emerging patterns. Symposium conducted at the Annual Association for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy Convention, New York.
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84, 191–215.
Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 37, 122–147.
Brownell, K.D., Marlott, G.A., Lichtenstein, E. & Wilson, C.T. (1986). Understanding and preventing relapse. American Psychologist, 41, 765–782.
DiClemente, C.C. (1981). Self-efficacy and smoking cessation maintenance: A preliminary report. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 5, 175–187.
DiClemente, C.C. & Prochaska, J.O. (1982). Self-change and therapy change of smoking behavior: A comparison of processes of change in cessation and maintenance. Addictive Behaviors, 7, 133–142.
DiClemente, C. C., Prochaska, J.O. & Gilbertini, N. (1985). Self-efficacy and the stages of self-change of smoking. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 9, 181–200.
Donovan, D.M. & Marlott, G.A. (Eds.). (1988). Assessment of Addictive Behaviors: Behavioral, Cognitive, and Physiological Procedures. New York: Guilford Press.
Ershoff, D.H., Mullen, P.D. & Quinn, V. (1987). Self-help interventions for smoking cessation with pregnant women. Paper presented at the Self-help Intervention Workshop of the National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD.
Goldfried, M.R. (1980). Toward the delineation of therapeutic change principles. American Psychologist, 35, 991–999.
Goldfried, M.R. (1982). Coverging themes in psychotherapy. New York: Springer.
Janis, I.L., & Mann, L. (1977). Decision making: A psychological analysis of conflict, choice, and commitment. New York: Free Press.
Lam, C.S., McMahon, B.T., Priddy, D.A. & Gehred-Schultz, A. (1988). Deficit awareness and treatment performance among traumatic head injury adults. Brain Injury, 2, 235–242.
Marlatt, G.A. & Gordon, J.R. (1984). Relapse Prevention: A self-control strategy for the maintenance of behavior change. New York: Guilford Press.
Medieros, M. & Prochaska, J.O. (1989). [Predicting premature termination from psychotherapy.] Unpublished raw data.
Messer, S.B. (1986). Eclecticism in psychotherapy: Underlying assumptions, problems, and tradeoffs. In J.C. Norcross (Ed.), Handbook of Eclectic Psychotherapy, New York: Brunner/Mazel.
Norcross, J.C. (1986). Handbook of Eclectic Psychotherapy. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
Norcross, J.C. & Prochaska, J.O. (1986a). Psychotherapist heal thyself-I. The psychological distress and self-change of psychologists, counselors, and laypersons. Psychotherapy, 23, 102–114.
Norcross, J.C. & Prochaska, J.O. (1986b). Psychotherapist heal thyself-II. The self-initiated and therapy facilitated change of psychological distress. Psychotherapy, 23, 345–356.
Ockene, J., Ockene, I. & Kristellar, J. (1988). Smoking cessation in patients with cardiovascular disease, NHLBI Grant, Worcester, MA.
Orleans, C.T., George, L.K., Houpt, J.L. & Brodie, K.H. (1985). Health promotion in primary care: A survey of U.S. family practitioners. Preventive Medicine, 14, 636–647
Orleans, C.T., Schoenback, V.J., Salmon, M.A., Wagner, E.A., Pearson, D.C., Fiedler, J., Quade, D., Porter, C.Q. & Kaplan, B.A. (1988). Effectiveness of self-help quit smoking strategies. In T. Glynn (Chair), Four National Cancer Institute-funded self-help smoking cessation trials: Interim results and emerging patterns. Symposium conducted at the Annual Association for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy Convention, New York.
Penny, D.L. & Prochaska, J.O. (1989). [Differentiating self-changers and therapy changers suffering from psychic distress.] Unpublished raw data.
Prochaska, J.O. (1979). Systems of Psychotherapy: A transtheoretical analysis. Chicago: Dorsey Press.
Prochaska, J.O. & Costa, A. (1989). A cross-sectional comparison of-stages of change for pre-therapy and within-therapy clients. Unpublished manuscript, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI.
Prochaska, J.O. & DiClemente, C.C. (1983). Stages and processes of self change in smoking: Toward an integrative model of change. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 5, 390–395.
Prochaska, J.O. & DiClemente, C.C. (1984). The transtheoretical approach: Crossing traditional boundaries of therapy. Homewood, IL: Dow Jones/Irwin.
Prochaska, J.O. & DiClemente, C.C. (1985). Common processes of change in smoking, weight control, and psychological distress. In S. Shiffman & T. Wills (Eds.), Coping and Substance Abuse. New York: Academic Press.
Prochaska, J.O., DiClemente, C.C., Velicer, WF., Ginpil, S. & Norcross, J.C. (1985). Predicting change in smoking status for self-changes. Addictive Behaviors, 10, 395–406.
Prochaska, J.O., DiClemente, C.C. & Velicer, W.F. (1988). Comparative analysis of self-help programs for four stages of smoking cessation. in T. Glynn (Chair), Four National Cancer Institute-funded self-help smoking cessation trials: Interim results and emerging patterns. Symposium conducted at the Annual Association for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy Convention, New York.
Prochaska, J.O., DiClemente, C.C., Velicer, W.F., Rossi, J.S. & Guadagnoli, E. (1989). Patterns of change in smoking cessation: Between variable comparisons. Manuscript submitted for publication.
Prochaska, J.O. & Norcross, J.C. (1983). Psychotherapists’ perspectives on treating themselves and their clients for psychic distress. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 14, 642–655.
Prochaska, J.O. & Norcross, J.C. (1983). Psychotherapists’ perspectives on treating themselves and their clients for psychic distress. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 14, 642–655.
Prochaska, J.O., Rossi, J.S. & Wilcox, W.S. (1991). Change processes and psychotherapy outcome in integrative case research. Journal of Integrative Psychotherapy, 1, 103–120.
Prochaska, J.O., Velicer, WF., DiClemente, C.C. & Fava, J.L. (1988). Measuring the processes of change: Applications to the cessation of smoking. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 520–528.
Schacter, S. (1982). Recidivism and self cure of smoking and obesity. American Psychologist, 37, 436–444.
Shapiro, S., Skinner, E., Kessler, L., Van Korff, M., German, P., Tischler, G., Leon, P., Bendham, L., Cottler, L. & Regier, D. (1984). Utilization of health and mental health services. Archives of General Psychiatry, 41, 971–978.
Smith, M.L., Glass, G.V. & Miller, T.I. (1980). The benefits of psychotherapy. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Velicer, WF., DiClemente, C.C., Prochaska, J.O., & Brandenburg, N. (1985). A decisional balance measure for assessing and predicting smoking status. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 1279–1289.
Wilcox, N., Prochaska, J.O., Velicer, W.F. & DiClemente, C.C. (1985). Client characteristics as predictors of self-change in smoking cessation. Addictive Behavior, 40, 407–412.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1992 Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Prochaska, J.O., DiClemente, C.C., Norcross, J.C. (1992). In Search of the Structure of Change. In: Klar, Y., Fisher, J.D., Chinsky, J.M., Nadler, A. (eds) Self Change. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2922-3_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2922-3_5
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7720-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-2922-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive