The internal skeleton of extinct belemnoids consists of the phragmocone (Fig. 14.1) and the rostrum. The rostrum covers the posterior part of the phragmocone and acts as a counterweight that brings the animal into a horizontal swimming position. Structural elements of the phragmocone are the septal-siphonal complex and the conotheca (phragmocone wall). If the proostracum (Fig. 14.1), the anterior dorsal projection of the phragmocone, is also part of the phragmocone or an independent development, is currently under discussion. The proostracum is usually considered to be the dorsal remnant of the body chamber inherited from ectocochlean ancestors (Crick, 1896; Naef, 1922; Jeletzky, 1966; Doyle and Shakides, 2004). Rostral layers (primordial rostrum + rostrum) and the mural parts of the septa do not belong to the conotheca proper.
Access provided by Autonomous University of Puebla. Download to read the full chapter text
Chapter PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
References
Bandel, K. 1985. Composition and ontogeny of Dictyoconites (Aulacocerida, Cephalopoda). Paläontologische Zeitschrift 59: 223–244.
Bandel, K. 1989. Cephalopod shell structure and general mechanisms of shell formation. InCarter, J. G. (editor), Skeleton Biomineralization: Patterns, Processes and Evolutionary Trends, pp. 97–115. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Bandel, K., T. Engeser, and J. Reitner. 1984. Die Embryonalentwicklung von Hibolithes (Belemnitida, Cephalopoda). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 167: 275–303.
Bandel, K., and C. Kulicki. 1988. Belemnoteuthis polonica: a belemnite with an aragonitic rostrum. In J. Wiedmann, and J. Kullmann (editors), Cephalopods–Present and Past, pp. 303–316. Stuttgart: Schweitzerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.
Barskov, I. S. 1972. Microstructure of the skeletal layers of belemnites compared with the shell layers of other molluscs. Paleontological Journal (Translation of the Paleontologicheskiy Zhurnal) 4: 492–500.
Christensen, E. 1925. Neue Beiträge zum Bau der Belemniten. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie 51: 118–158.
Crick, G. C. 1896. On the Proöstracum of a belemnite from the upper Lias of Alderton, Gloucestershire. Proceedings of the Malacological Society 2: 117–119.
Cuif, J.-P., and Y. Dauphin. 1979. Mineralogie et microstructures dhAulacocerida (Mollusca-Coleoidea) du Trias de Turquie. Biomineralisation 10: 70–79.
Dauphin, Y. 1983. Microstructure du phragmocone du genre triassique Aulacoceras (Cephalopoda-Coleoida)–remarques sur les homologies des tissues coquilliers chez les Cephalopodes. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 165: 418–437.
Doguzhaeva, L. A. 1996. Two early Cretaceous spirulid coleoids of the northwestern Caucasus: their shell ultrastructure and evolutionary implications. Paleontology 39(3): 681–707.
Doguzhaeva, L. A., R. H. Mapes, and H. Mutvei. 2003a. The shell and inc sac morphology and ultrastructure of the Late Pennsylvanian cephalopod Donovaniconus and its phylogenetic significance. Berliner Paläobiologische Abhandlungen 3: 61–78.
Doguzhaeva, L. A., and H. Mutvei. 2003. Gladius composition and ultrastructure in extinct squid-like coleoids Loligosepia, Trachyteuthis and Teudopsis. Revue de Paleobiologie 22: 877–894.
Doguzhaeva, L. A., H. Mutvei, and D. T. Donovan. 2002. Pro-ostracum, muscular mantle and conotheca in the Middle Jurassic belemnite Megateuthis. Abhandlungen der geologischen Bundesanstalt 57: 321–339.
Doguzhaeva, L. A., H. Mutvei, G. K. Kabanov, and D. T. Donovan. 1999. Conch ultrastructure and septal neck ontogeny of the belemnid Conobelus (Duvaliidae) from the Valangian of the Crimea (Black Sea). In F. Oloriz, and F. J. Rodriguez-Tovar (editors), Advancing Research on Living and Fossil Cephalopods, pp. 47–57. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum.
Doguzhaeva, L. A., H. Mutvei, and W. Weitschat. 2003b. The pro-ostracum and primordial rostrum at early ontogeny of Jurassic belemnites from north-western Germany. Berliner Paläobiologische Abhandlungen 3: 79–89.
Donovan, D. T., and M. D. Crane. 1992. The type material of the Jurassic cephalopod Belemnoteuthis. Palaeontology 35(2): 273–296.
Doyle, P. 1986. Naefia (Coleoidea) from late Cretaceous of southern India. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History 40(4): 133–139.
Doyle, P., and E. V. Shakides. 2004. The jurassic belemnite suborder Belemnotheutina. Palaeontology 47: 983–998.
Fuchs, D. 2006. Fossil erhaltungsfähige Merkmalskomplexe der Coleoidea (Cephalopoda) und ihre phylogenetische Bedeutung. Berliner Paläobiologische Abhandlungen 8: 1–121.
Hewitt, R. A., and G. Pinckney. 1982. On the occurrence and the microstructure of the phragmocone and pro-ostracum of the belemnite Genus Acroteuthis Stolley. Palaeontographica, Abteilung A 179: 142–147.
Jeletzky, J. A. 1966. Comparative morphology, phylogeny and classification of fossil Coleoidea. Paleontological Contributions, University of Kansas, Mollusca 7:1–162.
Keupp, H., and V. V. Mitta. 2004. Septenbildung bei Quenstedtoceras (Ammonoidea) von Saratov (Russland) unter anomalen Kammerdruckbedingungen. Mitteilungen des Geologisch-Paläontologischen Instituts, Universität Hamburg 88: 51–62.
Makowski, H. 1952. La faune callovienne de Lukow en Pologne, Palaeontologia Polonica 4: 1–64.
Müller-Stoll, H. 1936. Beitraege zur Anatomie der Belemnoidea, Nova Acta Leopoldina. New Series 4: 159–226.
Mutvei, H. 1964. Remarks on the anatomy of recent and fossil Cephalopoda–with description of the minute shell structure of belemnoids. Stockholm Contributions to Geology 11: 79–102.
Naef, A. 1922. Die fossilen Tintenfische–Eine paläozoologische Monographie. Jena: Fischerverlag.
Pearce, J. C. 1847. On the fossil Cephalopoda from the Oxford Clay constituting the genus Belemnoteuthis, Pearce. Proceedings of the Geological Society of London 3: 592–594.
N. H. Landman et al. (eds.), Cephalopods Present and Past: New Insights and Fresh Perspectives, 299–314.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Fuchs, D., Keupp, H., Mitta, V., Engeser, T. (2007). Ultrastructural Analyses on the Conotheca of the Genus Belemnotheutis (Belemnitida: Coleoidea). In: Landman, N.H., Davis, R.A., Mapes, R.H. (eds) Cephalopods Present and Past: New Insights and Fresh Perspectives. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6806-5_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6806-5_14
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-6461-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-6806-5
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)