Summary
The so-called “alternative” electron transport protems, the rotenone-insensitive NAD(P)H dehydrogenases and the alternative oxidase, distinguish the inner membrane of plant mitochondria from its animal counterpart. These proteins provide plant tissues possessing them with the potential to modulate the efficiency with which energy is conserved by respiratory electron transport. The activities associated with these enzymes have intrigued scientists from at least 1778, when Lamarck commented on the thermogenesis displayed by some highly specialized flowers, a process in which alternative electron transport proteins are now known to have an important role. In more recent times, many studies have been undertaken to determine the nature of the alternative electron transport proteins and to understand their role in plant physiology. We discuss, within a historical perspective, our current understanding of the biochemistry and molecular biology of the enzymes, including their biochemical regulation. We also discuss the possible roles of the enzymes in the normal and stress physiology of plants, and the physiological interactions of the enzymes with each other and the classical respiratory pathway.
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Abbreviations
- AOX:
-
alternative oxidase
- CAM:
-
crassulacean acid metabolism
- COX:
-
cytochrome c oxidase
- Dox:
-
di-iron carboxylate quinol oxidase
- DPI:
-
diphenyleneiodium
- EPR:
-
electron paramagnetic resonance
- EST:
-
expressed sequence tag
- ETC:
-
electron Transport chain
- FCCP:
-
carbonyl Cyanide p-trifluroomethoxy-phenylhydrazone
- MMO:
-
methane monooxygenase
- NAD(P)H:
-
NADH and/or NADPH
- NDE:
-
NAD(P)H dehydrogenase—external
- NDI:
-
NAD(P)H dehydrogenase—internal
- OAA:
-
oxaloacetate
- PCD:
-
programmed cell death
- p :
-
CMB: p-chloromercuribenzoate
- Pi :
-
inorganic phosphate
- Ptox:
-
plastid terminal oxidase
- PUMP:
-
plant uncoupling mitochondrial protein
- R2:
-
R2 subunit, ribonucleotide reductase
- ROS:
-
reactive oxygen species
- SA:
-
salicylic acid
- SHAM:
-
salicylhydroxamic acid
- SMP:
-
submitochondrial particles
- TMV:
-
tobacco mosaic virus
- UCP:
-
uncoupling protein
- UQ:
-
ubiquinone
- UQH2 :
-
ubiquinol
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Finnegan, P.M., Soole, K.L., Umbach, A.L. (2004). Alternative Mitochondrial Electron Transport Proteins in Higher Plants. In: Day, D.A., Millar, A.H., Whelan, J. (eds) Plant Mitochondria: From Genome to Function. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, vol 17. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2400-9_9
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