Abstract
(1) The laws of price formation on the market are well known: it depends upon the varying quantities of goods and the degree of their final utility for buyers and sellers, the conditions of monopoly and competition, etc.1 Once established, a market price has this peculiarity that it corresponds not to all the various degrees of final utility which one and the same good may have for the various persons wishing to acquire it, but only to one of these degrees of utility. Let us suppose, for example, that there are seven persons for whom a good has different degrees of final utility: A, B, C, D, E, F and G are willing to pay for a unit of this good 100, 90, 80, 70, 60, 50 and 40 lire respectively. If a price of 70 lire has been established on the market, only A, B, C and D will purchase the good, because its degree of final utility for them equals or exceeds 70; E, F and G, for whom the desired good has a final utility of less than 70, will be debarred from its purchase. But among the persons A, B, C and D who are able to buy, only Dpays a price corresponding to the degree of final utility the good has for the buyer, namely 70; A, B and C, for whom the good has a final utility of 100, 90 and 80 respectively, pay less for the good than its value to them according to the intensity of their need.
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Notes
For the laws of price formation, see Stanley Jevons, The Theory of Political Economy, 2nd edition, London 1879
Lion Walras, Eléments d’économie politique pure, Lausanne 1889
Carl Menger, Untersuchungen über die Methode der Socialwissenschaften, Leipzig 1883. On monopoly prices, see Cournot’s elegant exposition in Recherches sur les principes mathématiques de la théorie des richesses, Paris, 1838.
Alfred Marshall, The Pure Theory of Domestic Values, quoted by Maffeo Pantaleoni, Principii di economia pura, Florence 1889, pp. 35, 94, 165, 187.
Emil Sax, Grundlegung der theoretischen Staatswirthschaft, Vienna 1887, pp. 191–96.
Ricca-Salerno, Scienza delle finanze, Florence 1888, p. 23.
Friedrich von Wieser, Dernatürliche Werth, Vienna 1889, pp. 232–36.
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© 1958 International Economic Association
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Mazzola, U. (1958). The Formation of the Prices of Public Goods. In: Musgrave, R.A., Peacock, A.T. (eds) Classics in the Theory of Public Finance. International Economic Association Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23426-4_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23426-4_4
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
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