Periodic breathing at high altitude has been known to occur for perhaps hundreds of years, but was first described in the medical literature by Mosso in 1898 (Mosso 1898). Lahiri et al. (1983) published an examination of the relationship between ventilatory response to hypoxia measured at high altitude (5,300 m) and prevalence of periodic breathing during sleep at that altitude in a group of acclimatized mountaineers and high altitude sherpas as part of the American Medical Expedition to Mount Everest (Lahiri, Maret and Sherpa 1983). They showed a strong correlation between high ventilatory response to hypoxaemia at altitude in awake subjects who were acclimatized for a month and the prevalence of central sleep apnea. When we studied the relationship between ventilatory response to hypoxia and hypercapnia at sea level, and the subsequent prevalence of periodic breathing at high altitude, we found no such relationship (Burgess 2001; Burgess Johnson and Edwards 2004), probably because ventilatory responses change due to acclimatization.
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Burgess, K., Burgess, K., Subedi, P., Ainslie, P., Topor, Z., Whitelaw, W. (2008). Prediction of Periodic Breathing at Altitude. In: Poulin, M.J., Wilson, R.J.A. (eds) Integration in Respiratory Control. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 605. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-73693-8_77
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