Abstract
Currently computers are changing from single isolated devices into entry points into a worldwide network of information exchange and business transactions. Support in data, information, and knowledge exchange is becoming the key issue in current computer technology. Ontologies will play a major role in supporting information exchange processes in various areas. A prerequisite for such a role is the development of a joint standard for specifying and exchanging ontologies. The purpose of the paper is precisely concerned with this necessity. We will present OIL, which is a proposal for such a standard. It is based on existing proposals such as OKBC, XOL and RDF schema, enriching them with necessary features for expressing ontologies. The paper sketches the main ideas of OIL.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
C. Areces, P. Blackburn, and M. Marx: A road-map on complexity for hybrid logics. In Proc. of CSL’99, number 1683 in LNCS, pages 307–321. Springer-Verlag, 1999.
F. Baader, H.-J. Heinsohn, B. Hollunder, J. Muller, B. Nebel, W. Nutt, and H.-J. Profitlich: Terminological knowledge representation: A proposal for a terminological logic. Technical Memo TM-90-04, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Künstliche Intelligenz GmbH (DFKI), 1991.
F. Baader and P. Hanschke: A Scheme for Integrating Concrete Domains into Concept Languages. In Proceddings IJCAI91, 1991: 452–457.
F. Baader and B. Hollunder: KRIS: Knowledge representation and inference system. SIGART Bulletin, 2(3):8–14, 1991.
S. Bechhofer, I. Horrocks, P. F. Patel-Schneider, and S. Tessaris: A proposal for a description logic interface. In Proc. of DL’99, pages 33–36, 1999.
A. Borgida and P. F. Patel-Schneider: A semantics and complete algorithm for subsumption in the CLASSIC description logic. J. of Artificial Intelligence Research, 1:277–308, 1994.
R. J. Brachman and J. G. Schmolze: An overview of the KL-ONE knowledge representation system. Cognitive Science, 9(2):171–216, 1985.
D. Brickley and R.V. Guha: Resource Description Framework (RDF) Schema Specification 1.0, W3C Candidate Recommendation 27 March 2000. http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/CR-rdfschema-20000327.
V. K. Chaudhri, A. Farquhar, R. Fikes, P. D. Karp, and J. P. Rice: Open knowledge base connectivity 2.0. Technical Report KSL-98-06, Knowledge Systems Laboratory, Stanford, 1997.
V. K. Chaudhri, A. Farquhar, R. Fikes, P. D. Karp, and J. P. Rice: OKBC: A programmatic foundation for knowledge base interoperability. In Proceedings of the 15th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-98) and of the 10th Conference on Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence (IAAI-98), pages 600–607. AAAI Press, 1998.
H. Eriksson, R. W. Fergerson, Y. Shahar, and M. A. Musen: Automated Generation of Ontology Editors. In Proceedings of the Twelfth Workshop on Knowledge Acquisition, Modeling and Management (KAW99), Banff, Alberta, Canada, October 16–21, 1999.
A. Farquhar, R. Fikes, and J. Rice: The ontolingua server: A tool for collaborative ontology construction. Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 46:707–728, 1997.
D. Fensel. Ontologies: Silver Bullet for Knowledge Management and Electronic Commerce. Springer-Verlag, to appear.
D. Fensel, S. Decker, M. Erdmann und R. Studer: Ontobroker: The Very High Idea. In Proceedings of the 11th International Flairs Conference (FLAIRS-98), Sanibal Island, Florida, USA, 131–135, Mai 1998.
D. Fensel, J. Angele, and R. Studer: The Knowledge Acquisition And Representation Language KARL, IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 10(4):527–550, 1998.
D. Fensel, J. Angele, S. Decker, M. Erdmann, H.-P. Schnurr, S. Staab, R. Studer, and A. Witt: On2broker: Semantic-Based Access to Information Sources at the WWW. In Proceedings of the World Conference on the WWW and Internet (WebNet 99), Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, October 25–30, 1999.
D. Fensel, M. Crubezy, F. van Harmelen, and M. I. Horrocks: OIL & UPML: A Unifying Framework for the Knowledge Web. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Applications of Ontologies and Problem-solving Methods, 14th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence ECAI’00, Berlin, Germany August 20–25, 2000.
Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents (FIPA): FIPA 98 Specification, 1998.
M. R. Genesereth: Knowledge interchange format. In J. Allen, R. Fikes, and E. Sandewall, editors, Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning: Proceedings of the Second International Conference (KR’91). clMorgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Francisco, California, 1991.
M.R. Genesereth and R.E. Fikes: Knowledge interchange format, version 3.0, reference manual. Technical Report Logic-92-1, Computer Science Dept., Stanford University, 1992.
A. Gomez Perez and V. R. Benjamins: Applications of ontologies and problem-solving methods. AI-Magazine, 20(1):119–122, 1999.
W. E. Grosso, H. Eriksson, R. W. Fergerson, H. Gennari, S. W. Tu, and M. A. Musen: Knowledge Modeling at the Millennium (The Design and Evolution of Protégé-2000). In Proceedings of the Twelfth Workshop on Knowledge Acquisition, Modeling and Management (KAW99), Banff, Alberta, Canada, October 16–21, 1999.
T. R. Gruber: A translation approach to portable ontology specifications. Knowledge Acquisition, 5(2), 1993.
R. Guenther: Type Working Group List of Resource Types 1999-08-05. http://www.purl.org/DC/documents/wd-typelist.htm
G. van Heijst, A. Th. Schreiber, and B. J. Wielinga: Using explicit ontologies in KBS development. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 46(2/3):183–292, 1997.
J. Heflin, J. Hendler, and S. Luke: SHOE: A Knowledge Representation Language for Internet Applications. Technical Report, CS-TR-4078 (UMIACS TR-99-71), Dept. of Computer Science, University of Maryland at College Park. 1999.
I. Horrocks, D. Fensel, J. Broekstra, S. Decker, M. Erdmann, C. Goble, F. Van Harmelen, M. Klein, S. Staab, and R. Studer: The Ontology Inference Layer OIL. http://www.ontoknowledge.org/oil.
I. Horrocks and P. F. Patel-Schneider: Optimising description logic subsumption. Journal of Logic and Computation, 9(3):267–293, 1999.
P. D. Karp, V. K. Chaudhri, and J. Thomere: XOL: An XML-based ontology exchange language. Version 0.3, 1999.
M. Klein, D. Fensel, F. van Harmelen, and I. Horrocks: The Relation between Ontologies and Schema-Languages: Translating OIL-Specifications to XML-Schema. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Applications of Ontologies and Problem-solving Methods, 14th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence ECAI’00, Berlin, Germany August 20–25, 2000.
O. Lassila and R. Swick: Resource description framework (RDF). W3C recommendation. http://www.w3c.org/TR/WD-rdf-syntax, 1999.
S. Luke, L. Spector, and D. Rager: Ontology-Based Knowledge Discovery on the World-Wide Web. In Working Notes of the Workshop on Internet-Based Information Systems at the 13th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI96), 1996.
R. McEntire, P. Karp, N. Abernethy, F. Olken, R. E. Kent, M. De Jongh, P. Tarczy-Hornoch, D. Benton, D. Pathak, G. Helt, S. Lewis, A. Kosky, E. Neumann, D. Hodnett, L. Tolda, and T. Topaloglou: An evaluation of ontology exchange languages for bioinformatics, 1999.
R. M. MacGregor: A description classifier for the predicate calculus. In Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pages 213–220, Seattle, Washington, USA, 1994.
E. Miller: An introduction to the resource description framework. D-Lib Magazine, 1998.
E. Miller, P. Miller, and D. Brickley: Guidance on expressing the Dublin Core within the Resource Description Framework (RDF). http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/metadata/resources/dc/datamodel/WD-dc-rdf.
B. Nebel: Artificial intelligence: A computational perspective. In G. Brewka, editor, Principles of Knowledge Representation, Studies in Logic, Language and Information. CSLI publications, Stanford, 1996.
P. F. Patel-Schneider and B. Swartout: Description logic specification from the KRSS effort, 1993.
A. L. Rector, W A Nowlan, and A Glowinski: Goals for concept representation in the GALEN project. In Proceedings of the 17th Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care (SCAMC’93), pages 414–418, Washington DC, USA, 1993.
A. Rector, S. Bechhofer, C. A. Goble, I. Horrocks, W. A. Nowlan, and W. D. Solomon: The GRAIL concept modelling language for medical terminology. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, 9:139–171, 1997.
U. Sattler: A concept language for engineering applications with part-whole relations. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Description Logics-DL’95, pages 119–123, Roma, Italy, 1995.
M. Uschold and M. Grüninger: Ontologies: Principles, methods and applications. Knowledge Engineering Review, 11(2), 1996.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Fensel, D., Horrocks, I., Van Harmelen, F., Decker, S., Erdmann, M., Klein, M. (2000). OIL in a Nutshell. In: Dieng, R., Corby, O. (eds) Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management Methods, Models, and Tools. EKAW 2000. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 1937. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-39967-4_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-39967-4_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-41119-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-39967-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive