Abstract
The present review shows how the microhardness technique can be used to elucidate the dependence of a variety of local deformational processes upon polymer texture and morphology. Microhardness is a rather elusive quantity, that is really a combination of other mechanical properties. It is most suitably defined in terms of the pyramid indentation test. Hardness is primarily taken as a measure of the irreversible deformation mechanisms which characterize a polymeric material, though it also involves elastic and time dependent effects which depend on microstructural details. In isotropic lamellar polymers a hardness depression from ideal values, due to the finite crystal thickness, occurs. The interlamellar non-crystalline layer introduces an additional weak component which contributes further to a lowering of the hardness value. Annealing effects and chemical etching are shown to produce, on the contrary, a significant hardening of the material. The prevalent mechanisms for plastic deformation are proposed. Anisotropy behaviour for several oriented materials is critically discussed.
These include: cold drawn, high pressure oriented chain-extended, solid state extruded, die-drawn, and injection moulded polymers. Correlation of hardness to macroscopic properties is also examined. In summary, microhardness is shown to be a useful complementary technique of polymer characterization providing information on microscopic mechanical properties.
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Baltá Calleja, F.J. (1985). Microhardness relating to crystalline polymers. In: Kaush, H.H., Zachman, H.G. (eds) Characterization of Polymers in the Solid State I: Part A: NMR and Other Spectroscopic Methods Part B: Mechanical Methods. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 66. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-13779-3_19
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-13779-3_19
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