Abstract
Finland was a part of the kingdom of Sweden until 1809. Education was governed by the Church, and was provided in monastic schools and in the cathedral school established in Turku in the thirteenth century. Instruction was in Latin and aimed primarily at training clerics for an ecclesiastical career. The first Finnish university, the Academia Aboensis, was established at Turku in 1640. In 1809, Finland became an autonomous Grand Duchy under Russia. The legislation and social system from the Swedish era were preserved, however, during the period of autonomy. Russian educational statutes were not applied to Finland and internal conditions remained very much as before. Finland also established its own parliament and maintained autonomy in economic affairs. During the nineteenth century, basic education was greatly developed and expanded. The municipal elementary school was established in the 1860s. From 1898 onwards, local authorities had to provide formal educational opportunities for all school-aged children, and compulsory schooling was introduced in 1921.
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Kansanen, P., Meri, M. (2007). Finland. In: HÖRNER, W., DÖBERT, H., KOPP, B.V., MITTER, W. (eds) The Education Systems of Europe. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4874-2_17
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4874-2_17
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