Abstract
There are a wide range of responses of plants to salinity which involve interactions of Na with Ca. Plant processes such as growth, photosynthesis, mineral nutrition, water and ion transport are affected by these Na-Ca interactions. Many of these responses can be linked to the direct Na-Ca interactions at the surface of the plasma membrane and subsequent Ca signaling events.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alberico, G. J. and Cramer, G. R. (1993) Is the salt tolerance of maize related to sodium exclusion? I. Preliminary screening of seven cultivars, J. Plant Nutr. 16, 2289–2303.
Allen, G. J., Wyn Jones, R. G. and Leigh, R. A. (1995) Sodium transport in plasma membrane vesicles isolated from wheat genotypes with differing K+/Na+ discrimination traits, Plant Cell Environ. 18, 105–115.
Amtmann, A. and Sanders, D. (1998) Mechanisms of Na+ uptake by plant cells, Adv. Bot. Res. 29, 75–112.
Ashraf, M. and Naqvi, M. I. (1992) Growth and ion uptake of 4 Brassica species as affected by Na/Ca ratio in saline sand culture, Z. Pflanz. Bodenk. 155, 101–108.
Ashraf, M. and Leary, J. W. (1997) Responses of a salt-tolerant and a salt-sensitive line of sunflower to varying sodium/calcium ratios in saline sand culture, J. Plant Nutr. 20, 361–377.
Azaizeh, H., Gunse, B. and Steudle, E. (1992) Effects of NaCl and CaCl2 on water transport across root cells of maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings, Plant Physiol. 99, 886–894.
Azaizeh, H. and Steudle, E. (1991) Effects of salinity on water transport of excised maize (Zea mays L.) roots, Plant Physiol 97, 1136–1145.
Bañuls, J. and Primo-Millo, E. (1992) Effects of chloride and sodium on gas exchange parameters and water relations of citrus plants, Physiol. Plant. 86, 115–123.
Bernstein, N., Läuchli, A. and Silk, W. K. (1993) Kinematics and dynamics of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) leaf development at various Na/Ca salinities. I. Elongation growth, Plant Physiol. 103, 1107–1114.
Bernstein, N., Silk, W. K. and Läuchli, A. (1995) Growth and development of sorghum leaves under conditions of NaCl stress: possible role of some mineral elements in growth inhibition, Planta 196, 699–705.
Bittisnich, D., Robinson, D. and Whitecross, M. (1989) Membrane-associated and intracellular free calcium levels in root cells under NaCl stress, in J. Dainty, M. I. de Michelis, E. Marré and F. Rasi-Caldogno, (eds.), Plant Membrane Transport: The Current Position. Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on Plant Membrane Transport, Venice, Italy, 25–30 June 1989, Elesevier Science Publishing Company, Inc., New York, pp. 681–682.
Botella, J. R., Arteca, J. M., Somodevilla, M. and Arteca, R. N. (1996) Calcium-dependent protein kinase gene expression in response to physical and chemical stimuli in mungbean (Vigna radiata), Plant Mol. Biol. 30, 1129–1137.
Boyer, J. S. (1985) Water transport, Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 36, 473–516.
Boyer, J. S. (1987) Hydraulics, wall extensibility and wall proteins, in D. J. Cosgrove and D. P. Knievel, (eds.), Physiology of Cell Expansion During Plant Growth, The American Society of Plant Physiologists, Rockville, pp. 109–121.
Bush, D. S. (1995) Calcium regulation in plant cells and its role in signaling, Annu. Rev. Plant. Physiol. Plant. Mol. Biol. 46, 95–122.
Bush, D. S. and Jones, R. L. (1990) Measuring intracellular Ca2+ levels in plant cells using the fluorescent probes, Indo-1 and Fura-2: progress and prospects, Plant Physiol. 93, 841–845.
Cachorro, P., Ortiz, A., Barcelo, A. R. and Cerda, A. (1993a) Lignin deposition in vascular tissues of Phaseolus vulgaris roots in response to salt stress and Ca2+ ions, Phyton 33, 33–40.
Cachorro, P., Ortiz, A. and Cerda, A. (1993b) Effects of saline stress and calcium on lipid composition in bean roots, Phytochem. 32, 1131–1136.
Cheeseman, J. M. (1988) Mechanisms of salinity tolerance in plants, Plant Physiol. 87, 547–550.
Colmer, T. D., Fan, T. W. M., Higashi, R. M. and Läuchli, A. (1994) Interactions of Ca2+ and NaCl stress on the ion relations and intracellular pH of Sorghum bicolor root tips: an in vivo31P-NMR study, J. Exp. Bot. 45, 1037–1044.
Cosgrove, D. J. (1987) Linkage of wall extension with water and solute uptake, in D. J. Cosgrove and D. P. Knievel, (eds.), Physiology of Cell Expansion during Plant Growth, The American Society of Plant Physiologists, Rockville, pp. 88–100.
Cramer, G. R. (1992) Kinetics of maize leaf elongation. II. Response of a Na-excluding cultivar and a Na-including cultivar to varying Na/Ca salinities, J. Exp. Bot. 43, 857–864.
Cramer, G. R. (1997) Uptake and role of ions in salt tolerance, in P. K. Jaiwal, R. P. Singh and A. Gulati, (eds.), Strategies for Improving Salt Tolerance in Higher Plants, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, pp. 55–86.
Cramer, G. R., Alberico, G. J. and Schmidt, C. (1994a) Leaf expansion limits dry matter accumulation of salt-stressed maize, Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 21, 663–674.
Cramer, G. R., Alberico, G. J. and Schmidt, C. (1994b) Salt tolerance is not associated with the sodium accumulation of two maize hybrids, Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 21, 675–692.
Cramer, G. R. and Bowman, D. C. (1991) Kinetics of maize leaf elongation. I. Increased yield threshold limits short-term, steady-state elongation rates after exposure to salinity, J. Exp. Bot. 42, 1417–1426.
Cramer, G. R., Epstein, E. and Läuchli, A. (1988) Kinetics of root elongation of maize in response to short-term exposure to NaCl and elevated calcium concentration, J. Exp. Bot. 39, 1513–1522.
Cramer, G. R., Epstein, E. and Läuchli, A. (1989) Na-Ca interactions in barley seedlings: relationship to ion transport and growth, Plant Cell Environ. 12, 551–558.
Cramer, G. R. and Jones, R. L. (1996) Osmotic stress and abscisic acid reduce cytosolic calcium activities in roots of Arabidopsis thaliana, Plant Cell Environ. 19, 1291–1298.
Cramer, G. R. and Läuchli, A. (1986) Ion activities in solution in relation to Na+-C2+ interactions at the plasmalemma, J. Exp. Bot. 37, 321–330.
Cramer, G. R., Läuchli, A. and Epstein, E. (1986) Effects of NaCl and CaCl2 on ion activities in complex nutrient solutions and root growth of cotton, Plant Physiol. 81, 792–797.
Cramer, G. R., Läuchli, A. and Polito, V. S. (1985) Displacement of Ca2+ by Na+ from the plasmalemma of root cells. A primary response to salt stress?, Plant Physiol. 79, 207–211.
Cramer, G. R., Lynch, J., Läuchli, A. and Epstein, E. (1987) Influx of Na+, K+, and Ca2+ into roots of salt-stressed cotton seedlings. Effects of supplemental Ca2+, Plant Physiol. 83, 510–516.
Cramer, G. R. and Schmidt, C. (1995) Estimation of growth parameters in salt-stressed maize: comparison of the pressure-block and applied-tension techniques, Plant Cell Environ. 18, 823–826.
Davenport, R. J., Reid, R. J. and Smith, F. A. (1997) Sodium-calcium interactions in two wheat species differing in salinity tolerance, Physiol. Plant. 99, 323–327.
Demarty, M., Morvan, C. and Thellier, M. (1984) Calcium and the cell wall, Plant Cell Environ. 7, 441–448.
Ehret, D. L., Redmann, R. E., Harvey, B. L. and Cipywnyk, A. (1990) Salinity-induced calcium deficiencies in wheat and barley, Plant Soil 128, 143–151.
Epstein, E. (1961) The essential role of calcium in selective cation transport by plant cells, Plant Physiol. 36, 437–444.
Epstein, E. (1972) Mineral Nutrition of Plants: Principles and Perspectives, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York.
Evlagon, D., Ravina, I. and Neumann, P. (1990) Interactive effects of salinity and calcium on hydraulic conductivity, osmotic adjustment, and growth in primary roots of maize seedlings, Isr. J. Bot. 39, 239–247.
Flowers, T. J., Hajibagheri, M. A. and Yeo, A. R. (1991) Ion accumulation in the cell walls of rice plants growing under saline conditions: evidence for the Oertli hypothesis, Plant Cell Environ. 14, 319–325.
Flowers, T. J., Troke, P. F. and Yeo, A. R. (1977) The mechanism of salt tolerance in halophytes, Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 28, 89–121.
Fortmeier, R. and Schubert, S. (1995) Salt tolerance of maize (Zea mays L.): the role of sodium exclusion, Plant Cell Environ. 18, 1041–1047.
Francois, L. E., Donovan, T. J. and Maas, E. V. (1991) Calcium deficiency of artichoke buds in relation to salinity, Hortsci. 26, 549–553.
Frensch, J. and Hsiao, T. C. (1995) Rapid response of the yield threshold and turgor regulation during adjustment of root growth to water stress in Zea mays, Plant Physiol. 108, 303–312.
Gilroy, S., Hughes, W. A. and Trewavas, A. J. (1989) A comparison between Quin-2 and aequorin as indicators of cytoplasmic calcium levels in higher plant cell protoplasts, Plant Physiol. 90, 482–491.
Greenway, H. and Munns, R. (1980) Mechanisms of salt tolerance in nonhalophytes, Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 31, 149–190.
Grieve, C. M. and Fujiyama, H. (1987) The response of two rice cultivars to external Na/Ca ratio, Plant Soil 103, 245–250.
Grieve, C. M. and Maas, E. V. (1988) Differential effects of sodium/calcium ratio on sorghum genotypes, Crop Sci. 28, 659–665
Grignon, C. and Sentenac, H. (1991) pH and ionic conditions in the apoplast, Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 42, 103–128.
Halperin, S. J., Kochian, L. V. and Lynch, J. P. (1997) Salinity stress inhibits calcium loading into the xylem of excised barley (Hordeum vulgare) roots, New Phytol. 135, 419–427.
Hanson, J. B. (1984) The function of calcium in plant nutrition, in P. B. Tinker and A. Läuchli, (eds.), Advances in Plant Nutrition, Praeger, New York, pp. 149–208.
Hawkins, H. J. and Lewis, O. A. M. (1993 a) Combination effect of NaCl salinity, nitrogen form and calcium concentration on the growth, ionic content and gaseous exchange properties of Triticum aestivum L. cv. gamtoos, New Phytol. 124, 161–170.
Hawkins, H. J. and Lewis, O. A. M. (1993 b) Effect of NaCl salinity, nitrogen form, calcium and potassium concentration on nitrogen uptake and kinetics in Triticum aestivum L. cv. gamtoos, New Phytol. 124, 171–177.
He, T. (1993) Mechanisms of salt tolerance in rapid-cycling Brassica species used as model plant systems, Ph.D., University of Nevada, Reno.
Ho, L. C. and Adams, P. (1994) The physiological basis for high fruit yield and susceptibility to calcium deficiency in tomato and cucumber, J. Hort. Sci. 69, 367–376.
Hsiao, T. C., Acevedo, E., Fereres, E. and Henderson, D. E. (1976) Stress metabolism. Water stress, growth, and osmotic adjustment, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. 273, 479–500.
Jang, H. J., Pih, K. T., Kang, S. G., Lim, J. H., Jin, J. B., Piao, H. L. and Hwang, I. (1998) Molecular cloning of a novel Ca2+-binding protein that is induced by NaCl stress, Plant Mol. Biol. 37, 839–847.
Johansson, I., Karlsson, M., Shukla, V. K., Chrispeels, M. J., Larsson, C. and Kjellbom, P. (1998) Water transport activity of the plasma membrane aquapor in PM28A is regulated by phosphorylation, Plant Cell 10, 451–459.
Johansson, I., Larsson, C., Ek, B. and Kjellbom, P. (1996) The major integral proteins of spinach leaf plasma membranes are putative aquaporins and are phosphorylated in response to Ca2+ and apoplastic water potential, Plant Cell 8, 1181–1191.
Jones, D. L., Kochian, L. V. and Gilroy, S. (1998) Aluminum induces a decrease in cytosolic calcium concentration in BY-2 tobacco cell cultures, Plant Physiol. 116, 81–89.
Kafkafi, U. (1991) Root growth under stress, in Y. Waisel, A. Eshel and U. Kafkafi, (eds.), Plant Roots: The Hidden Half, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, pp. 375–391.
Kafkafi, U. and Bernstein, N. (1996) Root growth under salinity stress, in Y. Waisel, A. Eshel and U. Kafkafi, (eds.), Plant Roots: The Hidden Half, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, pp. 435–451.
Kinoshita, T., Nishimura, M. and Shimazaki, K.-I. (1995) Cytosolic concentration of Ca2+ regulates the plasma membrane H+-ATPase in guard cells of fava bean, Plant Cell 7, 1333–1342.
Kinraide, T. B. (1994) Use of a Gouy-Chapman-Stern model for membrane-surface electrical potential to interpret some features of mineral rhizotoxicity, Plant Physiol. 106, 1583–1592.
Kinraide, T. B. (1999) Interactions among Ca2+, Na+ and K+ in salinity toxicity: quantitative resolution of multiple toxic and ameliorative effects, J. Exp. Bot. 50, 1495–1505
Knight, H., Brandt, S. and Knight, M. R. (1998) A history of stress alters drought calcium signalling pathways in Arabidopsis, Plant J. 16, 681–687.
Knight, H., Trewavas, A. J. and Knight, M. R. (1997) Calcium signalling in Arabidopsis thaliana responding to drought and salinity, Plant J. 12, 1067–1078.
Kurth, E., Cramer, G. R., Läuchli, A. and Epstein, E. (1986) Effects of NaCl and CaCl2 on cell enlargement and cell production in cotton roots, Plant Physiol. 82, 1102–1106.
LaHaye, P. A. and Epstein, E. (1969) Salt toleration by plants: enhancement with calcium, Science 166, 395–396.
LaHaye, P. A. and Epstein, E. (1971) Calcium and salt toleration by bean plants, Physiol. Plant. 25, 213–218.
Läuchli, A. and Schubert, S. (1989) The role of calcium in the regulation of membrane and cellular growth processes under salt stress, in J. H. Cherry, (ed.) Environmental Stress in Plants, NATO ASI Series, pp. 131–138.
Lazof, D. and Läuchli, A. (1991) The nutritional status of the apical meristem of Lactuca sativa as affected by NaCl salinization: an electron-probe microanalytic study, Plants 184, 334–342.
Lazof, D. B. and Bernstein, N. (1999) The NaCl induced inhibition of shoot growth: the case for disturbed nutrition with special consideration of calcium, Adv. Bot. Res. 29, 113–189.
Leidi, E. O., Nogales, R. and Lips, S. H. (1991) Effect of salinity on cotton plants grown under nitrate or ammonium nutrition at different calcium levels, Field Crop Res. 26, 35–44.
Leidi, E. O. and Saiz, J. F. (1997) Is salinity tolerance related to Na accumulation in Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) seedlings?, Plant Soil. 190, 67–75.
Lino, B., Baizabal-Aguirre, V. M. and De la Vara, L. E. G. (1998) The plasma-membrane H+-ATPase from beet root is inhibited by a calcium-dependent phosphorylation, Planta 204, 352–359.
Liu, J. P. and Zhu, J. K. (1997) An Arabidopsis mutant that requires increased calcium for potassium nutrition and salt tolerance, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 14960–14964.
Liu, J. P. and Zhu, J. K. (1998) A calcium sensor homolog required for plant salt tolerance, Science 280, 1943–1945.
Lockhart, J. A (1965) An analysis of irreversible plant cell elongation, J. Theoret. Biol. 8, 264–275.
Lynch, J., Cramer, G. R. and Läuchli, A (1987) Salinity reduces membrane-associated calcium in corn root protoplasts, Plant Physiol. 83, 390–394.
Lynch, J. and Läuchli, A. (1985) Salt stress disturbs the calcium nutrition of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)., New Phytol. 99, 345–354.
Lynch, J. and Läuchli, A. (1988) Salinity affects intracellular calcium in corn root protoplasts, Plant Physiol. 87, 351–356.
Lynch, J., Polito, V. S. and Läuchli, A. (1989) Salinity stress increases cytoplasmic Ca activity in maize root protoplasts, Plant Physiol. 90, 1271–1274.
Lynch, J., Thiel, G. and Läuchli, A. (1988) Effects of salinity on the extensibility and Ca availability in the expanding region of growing barley leaves, Bot. Acta 101, 355–361.
Maas, E. V. and Grieve, C. M. (1987) Sodium-induced calcium deficiency in salt-stressed corn, Plant Cell Environ. 10, 559–564.
Malhó, R., Moutinho, A., Van der Luit, A and Trewavas, A. J. (1998) Spatial characteristics of calcium signalling: the calcium wave as a basic unit in plant cell calcium signalling, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. 353, 1463–1473.
Marschner, H. (1995) Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. 2nd ed, Academic Press Inc., San Diego.
Martinez, V. and Läuchli, A. (1993) Effects of Ca2+ on the salt-stress response of barley roots as observed by in vivo 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance and in vitro analysis, Planta 190, 519–524.
Muhammed, S., Akbar, M. and Neue, H. U. (1987) Effect of Na/Ca and Na/K ratios in saline culture solution on the growth and mineral nutrition of rice (Oryza sativa L.), Plant Soil 104, 57–62.
Muir, S. R., Bewell, M. A., Sanders, D. and Allen, G. J. (1997) Ligand-gated Ca2+ channels and Ca2+ signalling in higher plants, J. Exp. Bot. 48, 589–597.
Munns, R., Gardner, P. A, Tonnet, M. L. and Rawson, H. M. (1988) Growth and development in NaCl-treated plants. II. Do Na2+ or Cl− concentrations in dividing or expanding tissues determine growth in barley?, Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 15, 529–540.
Munns, R. and Sharp, R. E. (1993) Involvement of abscisic acid in controlling plant growth in soils of low water potential, Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 20, 425–437.
Murata, Y., Fujita, M., Nakatani, T., Obi, I. and Kakutani, T. (1998 a) Effect of Na2+ on Ca2+-binding on the plasma membrane of barley mesophyll cells: an electrophoretic study, Plant Cell Physiol. 39, 452–457.
Murata, Y., Yoshihashi, M., Obi, I. and Kakutani, T. (1998 b) Ca2+ regulation of outward rectifying K+ channel in the plasma membrane of tobacco cultured cells in suspension: a role of the K+ channel in mitigation of salt-stress effects by external Ca2+Plant Cell Physiol. 39, 1039–1044.
Nakamura, Y., Kasamo, K., Shimosato, N., Sakata, M. and Ohta, E. (1992) Stimulation of the extrusion of protons and H+-ATPase activities with the decline in pyrophosphatase activity of the tonoplast in intact mung bean roots under high-Nacl stress and its relation toexternallevels of Ca2+ ions, Plant Cell Physiol. 33, 139–149.
Nakamura, Y., Tanaka, K., Ohta, E. and Sakata, M. (1990) Protective effect of external Ca2+ on elongation and the intracellular concentration of K+ in intact mung bean roots under high NaCl stress, Plant Cell Physiol. 31, 815–821.
Neumann, P. M. (1995) The role of cell wall adjustment in plant resistance to water deficits, Crop Sci. 35, 1258–1266
Oertli, J. J. (1968) Extracellular salt accumulation, a possible mechanism of salt injury, Agrochim. 12, 461–469.
Ortiz, A., Martinez, V. and Cerda, A. (1994) Effects of osmotic shock and calcium on growth and solute composition of Phaseolus vulgaris plants, Physiol. Plant. 91, 468–476.
Pardo, J. M., Reddy, M. P., Yang, S. L., Maggio, A., Huh, G. H., Matsumoto, T., Coca, M. A., Paino-D’Urzo, M., Koiwa, H., Yun, D. J., Watad, A. A., Bressan, R. A. and Hasegawa, P. M. (1998) Stress signaling through Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin mediates salt adaptation in plants, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95, 9681–9686.
Passioura, J. B. (1988) Water transport in and to roots, Annu. Rev. Plant. Physiol. Plant. Mol. Biol. 39, 245–265.
Perera, L. K. R. R., Mansfield, T. A. and Malloch, A. J. C. (1994) Stomatal responses to sodium ions in Aster tripolium: a new hypothesis to explain salinity regulation in above-ground tissues, Plant Cell Environ. 17, 335–340.
Perera, L. K. R. R., Robinson, M. F. and Mansfield, T. A. (1995) Responses of the stomata of Aster tripolium to calcium and sodium ions in relation to salinity tolerance, J. Exp. Bot. 46, 623–629.
Piñeros, M. and Tester, M. (1997) Calcium channels in higher plant cells: selectivity, regulation and pharmacology, J. Exp. Bot. 48, 551–577.
Plaut, Z. and Grieve, C. M. (1988) Photosynthesis of salt-stressed maize as influenced by Ca∶Na ratios in the nutrient solution, Plant Soil 105, 283–286.
Rengel, Z. (1992) The role of calcium in salt toxicity, Plant Cell Environ. 15, 625–632.
Ripoll, C., Pariot, C., Jauneau, A., Verdus, M. C., Catesson, A. M., Morvan, C., Demarty, M. and Thellier, M. (1993) Involvement of sodium in a process of cell differentiation in plants, C R Acad Comptes Rendus de L Academic Des Sciences Serie III—Sciences de La Vie—Life Sciences [III] 316, 1433–1437.
Roberts, S. K. and Tester, M. (1997 a) A patch clamp study of Na+ transport in maize roots, J. Exp. Bot. 48, 431–440.
Roberts, S. K. and Tester, M. (1997 b) Permeation of Ca2+ and monovalent cations through an outwardly rectifying channel in maize root stelar cells, J. Exp. Bot. 48, 839–846.
Scarpa, A. and de Grier, J. (1971) Cation permeability of liposomes as a function of the chemical composition of the lipid bilayers, Biochim. Biophys. Ada 241, 789–797.
Schachtman, D. P., Tyerman, S. D. and Terry, B. R. (1991) The K+/Na+ selectivity of a cation channel in the plasma membrane of root cells does not differ in salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive wheat species, Plant Physiol. 97, 598–605.
Schmidt, C., He, T. and Cramer, G. R. (1993) Supplemental calcium does not improve growth of salt-stressed Brassicas, Plant Soil 156, 415–418.
Steudle, E. (1989) Water flow in plants and its coupling to other processes: an overview., in S. Fleischer and B. Fleisher, (eds.), Methods of Enzymology, Vol. 174, Part U: Cellular and Subcellular Transport: Eukaryotic (Nonepidermal) Cells., Academic Press, New York, pp. 183–225.
Suhayda, C. G., Giannini, J. L., Briskin, D. P. and Shannon, M. C. (1990) Electrostatic changes in Lycopersicon esculentum root plasma membrane resulting from salt stress, Plant Physiol. 93, 471–478.
Suhayda, C. G., Redmann, R. E., Harvey, B. L. and Cipywnyk, A. L. (1992) Comparative response of cultivated and wild barley species to salinity stress and calcium supply, Crop Sci. 32, 154–163.
Takahashi, K., Isobe, M. and Muto, S. (1997) An increase in cytosolic calcium ion concentration precedes hypoosmotic shock-induced activation of protein kinases in tobacco suspension culture cells, FEBS Lett. 401, 202–206.
Taybi, T. and Cushman, J. C. (1999) Signaling events leading to Crassulacean acid metabolism induction in the common ice plant, Plant Physiol. 121, 545–555.
Taylor, A., Manison, N. and Brownlee, C. (1997) Regulation of channel activity underlying cell volume and polarity signals in Fucus, J. Exp. Bot. 48, 579–588.
Taylor, A. R., Manison, N. F. H., Fernandez, C., Wood, J. and Brownlee, C. (1996) Spatial organization of calcium signaling involved in cell volume control in the Fucus rhizoid, Plant Cell 8, 2015–2031.
Thiel, G., Lynch, J. and Läuchli, A. (1988) Short-term effects of salinity stress on the turgor and elongation of growing barley leaves, J. Plant Physiol. 132, 38–44.
Thiyagarajah, M., Fry, S. C. and Yeo, A. R. (1996) In vitro salt tolerance of cell wall enzymes from halophytes and glycophytes, J. Exp. Bot. 47, 1717–1724.
Tyerman, S. D. and Skerrett, I. M. (1999) Root ion channels and salinity, Sci. Hort. 78, 175–235.
Tyerman, S. D., Skerrett, M., Garrill, A., Findlay, G. P. and Leigh, R. A. (1997) Pathways for the permeation of Na+ and Cl− into protoplasts derived from the cortex of wheat roots, J. Exp. Bot. 48, 459–480.
Wadleigh, C. H. and Bower, C. A. (1950) The influence of calcium ion activity in water cultures on the intake of cations by bean plants, Plant Physiol. 25, 1–12.
White, P. J. (1998 a) Calcium channels in the plasma membrane of root cells, Ann. Bot. 81, 173–183.
White, P. J. (1998 b) Voltage-dependent Ca2+ uptake by right-side-out plasma membrane vesicles derived from maize shoots, J. Plant Physiol. 152, 17–24.
Wimmers, L. E., Ewing, N. N. and Bennett, A. B. (1992) Higher plant Ca2+-ATPase primary structure and regulation of mRNA abundance by salt, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 9205–9209.
Wright, G. C., Patten, K. D. and Drew, M. C. (1992) Salinity and supplemental calcium influence growth of rabbiteye and southern highbush blueberry, J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 117, 749–756.
Wright, G. C., Patten, K. D. and Drew, M. C. (1993) Gas exchange and chlorophyll content of tifblue rabbiteye and sharpblue southern highbush blueberry exposed to salinity and supplemental calcium, J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 118, 456–463.
Wu, S. J., Ding, L. and Zhu, J. K. (1996 a) SOSI, a genetic locus essential for salt tolerance and potassium acquisition, Plant Cell 8, 617–627.
Wu, Y. J., Sharp, R. E., Durachko, D. M. and Cosgrove, D. J. (1996 b) Growth maintenance of the maize primary root at low water potentials involves increases in cell-wall extension properties, expansin activity, and wall susceptibility to expansins, Plant Physiol. 111, 765–772.
Yeo, A. R. and Flowers, T. J. (1985) The absence of an effect of the Na/Ca ratio on sodium chloride uptake by rice (Oryza sativa L.), New Phytol. 99, 81–90.
Yermiyahu, U., Nir, S., Ben-Hayyim, G. and Kafkafi, U. (1994) Quantitative competition of calcium with sodium or magnesium for sorption sites on plasma membrane vesicles of melon (Cucumis melo L.) root cells, J. Membrane Biol. 138, 55–63.
Yermiyahu, U., Nir, S., Ben-Hayyim, G., Kafkafi, U. and Kinraide, T. B. (1997) Root elongation in saline solution related to calcium binding to root cell plasma membranes, Plant Soil 191, 67–76.
Yu, B., Gong, H. and Liu, Y. (1998) Effects of calcium on lipid composition and function of plasma membrane and tonoplast vesicles isolated from roots of barley seedlings under salt stress, J. Plant Nutr. 21, 1589–1600.
Zekri, M. (1993) Salinity and calcium effects on emergence, growth and mineral composition of seedlings of eight citrus rootstocks, J. Hort. Sci. 68, 53–62.
Zhong, H. and Läuchli, A. (1988) Incorporation of [14C]glucose into cell wall polysaccharides of cotton roots: effects of NaCl and CaCl2Plant Physiol. 88, 511–514.
Zhong, H. and Läuchli, A. (1993 a) Changes of cell wall composition and polymer size in primary roots of cotton seedlings under high salinity, J. Exp. Bot. 44, 773–778.
Zhong, H. and Läuchli, A. (1993 b) Spatial and temporal aspects of growth in the primary root of cotton seedlings: effects of NaCl and CaCl2J. Exp. Bot. 44, 763–771.
Zhu, J. K., Liu, J. P. and Xiong, L. M. (1998) Genetic analysis of salt tolerance in Arabidopsis: evidence for a critical role of potassium nutrition, Plant Cell 10, 1181–1191.
Zid, E. and Grignon, C. (1985) Sodium-calcium interactions in leaves of Citrus aurantium grown in the presence of NaCl, Physiol. Vég. 23, 895–903.
Zidan, I., Azaizeh, H. and Neumann, P. M. (1990) Does salinity reduce growth in maize root epidermal cells by inhibiting their capacity for cell wall acidification?, Plant Physiol. 93, 7–11.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Cramer, G.R. (2002). Sodium-Calcium Interactions Under Salinity Stress. In: Läuchli, A., Lüttge, U. (eds) Salinity: Environment - Plants - Molecules. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48155-3_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48155-3_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-0492-6
Online ISBN: 978-0-306-48155-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive