Summary
The intent of this book is to provide readers with a comprehensive overview of lipid structure, function and genetics of the chloroplast, with special emphasis on the photosynthetic apparatus in chloroplast thylakoid membranes. In this introductory chapter, we provide a brief review of chloroplast lipid structure and function in which we guide the reader to appropriate chapters wherein specific topics are covered in greater depth. The structures of glycerolipids and fatty acids in photosynthetic membranes are presented and details of their biosynthesis in chloroplasts and cyanobacterial cells are described. The enzymes involved in fatty acid and glycerolipid synthesis in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria for which genes or cDNAs have been cloned are also discussed. Finally, we provide a critical review of the various experimental approaches that have been proposed in the literature with the goal of defining the roles of glycerolipids and fatty acids in photosynthesis.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akagi H, Baba T, Shimada H and Fujimura T (1995) Nucleotide sequence of a stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase cDNA from developing seeds of rice. Plant Physiol 108: 845–846
Bhella RS and MacKenzie SL (1994) Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA from Carthamus tinctorius encoding a glycerol-3-phosphate acyl transferase. Plant Physiol 106:1713–1714
Browse J, McCourt P and Somerville C (1985) A mutant of Arabidopsis lacking a chloroplast-specific lipid. Science 227:763–765
Chain RK (1985) Involvement of plastoquinone and lipids in electron transport reactions mediated by the cytochrome b6-f complex isolated from spinach. FEBS Lett 180: 321–325
Chen L, Moon Y, Shanklin J, Nikolau BJ and Atherly AG (1994) Cloning and sequence of a cDNA encoding stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase from Glycine max. Plant Physiol 109:1498
Choi J-K, Yu F, Wurtele ES and Nikolau BJ (1995) Molecular cloning and characterization of the cDNA coding for the biotin-containing subunit of the chloroplastic acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase. Plant Physiol 109: 619–625
Costes C, Bazier R and Lechevallier D (1972) Rôle structural des lipides dans les membranes des chloroplastes de Blé. Physiol Vég 10: 291–317
Costes C, Bazier R, Baltscheffsky H and Hallberg C (1978) Mild extraction of lipids and pigments from Rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophores. Plant Sci Lett 12: 241–249
Dörmann P, Hoffmann-Benning S, Balbo I and Benning C (1995) Isolation and characterization of an Arabidopsis mutant deficient in the thylakoid lipid digalactosyl diacylglycerol. Plant Cell 7: 1801–1818
Doyle MF and Yu C-A (1985) Preparation and reconstitution of a phospholipid deficient cytochrome b 6 -f complex from spinach chloroplasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 131:700–706
Droppa M, Horváth G, Hideg E and Farkas T (1995) The role of phospholipids in regulating photosynthetic electron transport activities: Treatment of thylakoids with phospholipase C. Photosynth Res 46: 287–293
Dubertret G, Mirshahi A, Mirshahi M, Gérard-Hirne C and Trémolèères A (1994) Evidence from in vivo manipulations of lipid composition in mutants that the Δ3-trans-hexadecenoic acid-containing phosphatidylglycerol is involved in the biogenesis of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein complex of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Eur J Biochem 226:473–482
Duchêne S, Smutny J and Siegenthaler PA (1995) Transmembrane distribution of phospholipids in spinach thylakoid inside-out vesicles and involvement of outer and inner monolayer phospholipids in the photosynthetic electron flow activity. In: Lopez-Pérez MJ, Delgado C and Cebrian-Pérez JA (eds) 9th International Conference on Partitioning in Aqueous Two-Phase Systems. Advances in the Uses of Polymers in Cell Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences, Abstract Nr, P23, University of Zaragoza, Spain
Elborough KM, Winz R, Deka RK, Markham JE, White AJ, Rawsthorne S and Slabas AR (1996) Biotin carboxyl carrier protein and carboxyltransferase subunits of the multi-subunit form of acetyl-CoA carboxylase from Brassica napus: Cloning and analysis of expression during oilseed rape embryogenesis. Biochem J 315: 103–112
Falcone DL, Gibson S, Lemieux B and Somerville C (1994) Identification of a gene that complements an Arabidopsis mutant deficient in chloroplast ω6 desaturase activity. Plant Physiol 106: 1453–1459
Fragata M, Strzalka K and Nénonéné EK (1991) MgCl2-induced reversal of oxygen evolution decay in Photosystem II particles incubated with phosphatidylglycerol vesicles at high lipid/Photosystem II ratio. J Photochem Photobiol 11: 329–342
Fritz M, Heinz E and Wolter FP (1995) Cloning and sequencing of a full-length cDNA coding for sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase from Phaseolous vulgaris. Plant Physiol 107:1039–1040
Gibson S, Arondel V, Iba K and Somerville C (1994) Cloning of a temperature-regulated gene encoding a chloroplast ω-3 desaturase from Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol 106:1615–1621
Gombos Z, Barabas K, Joó F and Vigh L (1988) Lipid saturation induced microviscosity increase has no effect on the reducibility of flash-oxidized cytochrome f in pea thylakoids. Plant Physiol 86:335–337
Gormicki P, Scappino LA and Haselkorn R (1993) Genes for two subunits of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase of Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120: Biotin carboxylase and biotin carboxyl carrier protein. J Bacteriol 175: 5268–5272
Gounaris K and Barber J (1985) Isolation and characterisation of a Photosystem II reaction centre lipoprotein complex. FEBS Lett 188:68–72
Gounaris K, Whitford D and Barber J (1983) The effect of thylakoid lipids on an oxygen-evolving Photosystem II preparation. FEBS Lett 163: 230–234
Gounaris K, Pick U and Barber J (1984) The effect of thylakoid lipids on enzymatic activity and ultrastructure of membrane protein complexes. In: Siegenthaler PA and Eichenberger W (eds) Structure, Function and Metabolism of Plant Lipids, pp 451–455. Elsevier Publication Press, Amsterdam
Hideg E, Rozsa Z, Vaas 1, Vigh L and Horváth G (1986) Effect of homogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of membrane lipids on luminescence characteristics of the Photosystem II electron transport. Photobiochem Photobiophys 12: 221–230
Hirayama O and Matsui T (1976) Effects of lipolytic enzymes on the photochemical activities of spinach chloroplasts. Biochim Biophys Acta 423: 540–547
Hirsch S and Soll J (1995) Import of a new chloroplast inner envelope protein is greatly stimulated by potassium phosphate. Plant Mol Biol 27: 1173–1181
Hitz WD, Carlson TJ, Booth JR Jr, Kinney AJ, Stecca KL and Yadav NS (1994) Cloning of a higher-plant plastid ω-6 fatty acid desaturase cDNA and its expression in a cyanobacterium. Plant Physiol 105:635–641
Hobe S, Prytulla S, Kühlbrandt W and Paulsen H (1994) Trimerization and crystallization of reconstituted lightharvesting chlorophyll a/b complex. EMBO J 13: 3423–3429
Horváth G, Droppa M, Szito T, Mustárdy LA, Horváth LI and Vigh L (1986) Homogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of lipids in the photosynthetic membrane: Effects on membrane structure and photosynthetic activity. Biochim Biophys Acta 849: 325–336
Horváth G, Melis A, Hideg E, Droppa M and Vigh L (1987) Role of lipids in the organization and function of Photosystem II studied by homogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of thylakoid membranes in situ. Biochim Biophys Acta 891:68–74
Hugly S and Somerville C (1992) A role for membrane lipid polyunsaturation in chloroplast biogenesis at low temperature. Plant Physiol 99: 197–202
Hugly S, Kunst L, Browse J and Somerville C (1989) Enhanced thermal tolerance of photosynthesis and altered chloroplast ultrastructure in a mutant of Arabidopsis deficient in lipid desaturation. Plant Physiol 90: 1134–1142
Hurt EC, Hauska G and Shahak Y (1982) Electrogenic proton translocation by the chloroplast cytochrome b 6 f complex reconstituted into phospholipid vesicles. FEBS Lett 149: 211–216
Iba K, Gibson S, Nishiuch T, Fuse T, Nishimura M, Arondel V, Hugly S and Somerville C (1993) A gene encoding a chloroplast ω-3fatty acid desaturase complements alterations in fatty acid desaturation and chloroplast copy number of the fad7 mutant ofArabidopsis thaliana. J Biol Chem 268: 24099–24105
Ikegami I (1983) Reconstitution of antenna in P-700-enriched particles from spinach chloroplasts. Biochim Biophys Acta 722: 492–497
Ishikawa H, Hirano M-a and Takabe T (1984) Reconstitution of highly purified P700-chlorophyll a protein complexes into galactosyldiacylglycerol liposomes. Agric Biol Chem 48:3011–3018
Ishizaki O, Nishida I, Agata K, Eguchi G and Murata N (1988) Cloning and nucleotide sequence of cDNA for the plastid glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase from squash. FEBS Lett 238: 424–430
Ishizaki-Nishizawa O, Azuma M, Ohtani T, Murata N and Toguri T (1995) Nucleotide sequence of cDNA from Spinacia oleracea encoding plastid glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase. Plant Physiol 108: 1342
Johnson TC, Schneider JC and Somerville C (1992) Nucleotide sequence of acyl-acyl carrier protein: Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase from cucumber. Plant Physiol 99: 771–772
Kaneko T, Sato S, Kotani H, Tanaka A, Asamizu E, Nakamura Y, Miyajima N, Hirosawa M, Sugiura M, Sasamoto S, Kimura T, Hosouchi T, Matsuno A, Muraki A, Nakazaki N, Naruo K, Okumura S, Shimpo S, Takeuchi C, Wada T, Watanabe A, Yamada M, Yasuda M and Tabata S (1996) Sequence analysis of the genome of the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803. II. Sequence determination of the entire genome and assignment of potential protein-coding regions. DNA Res 3: 109–136
Kater MM, Koningstein GM, Nijkamp HJJ and Stuitje AR (1991) cDNA cloning and expression of Brassica napus enoylacyl carrier protein reductase in Escherichia coli. Plant Mol Biol 17: 895–909
Knutzon DS, Thompson GA, Radke SE, Johnson WB, Knauf VC and Kridl JC (1992) Modification of Brassica seed oil by antisense expression of a stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89: 2624–2628
Krupa Z and Baszynski T (1975) Requirement of galactolipids for Photosystem I activity in lyophilized spinach chloroplasts. Biochim Biophys Acta 408: 26–34
Krupa Z, Williams JP, Khan MU and Huner NPA (1992) The role of acyl lipids in reconstitution of lipid-depleted lightharvesting complex II from cold-hardened and nonhardened rye. Plant Physiol 100: 931–938
Kruse O and Schmid GH (1995) The role of phosphatidylglycerol as a functional effector and membrane anchor of the D1-core peptide from Photosystem II-particles of the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria chalybea. Z Naturforsch 50c: 380–390
Kruse O, Radunz A and Schmid GH (1994) Phosphatidylglycerol and β-carotene bound onto the D1-core peptide of Photosystem II in the filamentous cyanobacterium Oscillatoria chalybea. Z Naturforsch 49c: 115–124
Kühlbrandt W (1994) Structure and function of the plant lightharvesting complex, LHC-II. Current Opinion in Structural Biology 4: 519–528
Kunst L, Browse J and Somewille C (1989a) Altered chloroplast structure and function in a mutant of Arabidopsis deficient in plastid glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase activity. Plant Physiol 90: 846–853
Kunst L, Browse J and Somewille C (1989b) Enhanced thermal tolerance in a mutant of Arabidopsis deficient in palmitic acid unsaturation. Plant Physiol 91:401–408
Kuttkat A, Grimm R and Paulsen H (1995) Light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding protein inserted into isolated thylakoids binds pigments and is assembled into trimeric light-harvesting complex. Plant Physiol 109: 1267–1276
Larkum AWD and Anderson JM (1982) The reconstitution of a Photosystem II protein complex, P-700-chlorophyll a-protein complex and light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein. Biochim Biophys Acta 679: 410–421
Lem NW and Stumpf PK (1984a) In vitro fatty acid synthesis and complex lipid metabolism in the cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis. I. Some characteristics of fatty acid synthesis. Plant Physiol 74: 134–138
Lem NW and Stumpf PK (1984b) In vitro fatty acid synthesis and complex lipid metabolism in the cyanobacterium, Anabaena variabilis, II. Acyl transfer and complex lipid formation. Plant Physiol 75: 700–704
Matsuda H and Butler WL (1983) Restoration of high-potential cytochrome b-559 in Photosystem II particles in liposomes. Biochim Biophys Acta 725: 320–324
McCourt P, Browse J, Watson J, Arntzen CJ and Somerville CR (1985) Analysis of photosynthetic antenna function in a mutant ofArabidopsis thaliana (L.) lacking trans-hexadecenoic acid. Plant Physiol 78: 853–858
McCourt P, Kunst L, Browse J and Somerville CR (1987) The effects of reduced amounts of lipid unsaturation on chloroplast ultrastructure and photosynthesis in a mutant of Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 84: 353–360
McDonnel A and Staehelin LA (1980) Adhesion between liposomes mediated by the chlorophyll a/b light-harvesting complex isolated from chloroplast membranes. J Cell Biol 84:40–56
Murata N, Higashi S-I and Fujjmura Y (1990) Glycerolipids in various preparations of Photosystem II from spinach chloroplasts. Biochim Biophys Acta 1019: 261–268
Murata N, Ishizaki-Nishizawa O, Higashi S, Hayashi H, Tasaka Y and Nishida I (1992) Genetically engineered alteration in the chilling sensitivity of plants. Nature 356: 710–713
Murata N, Deshnium P and Tasaka Y (1996) Biosynthesis of γ-linolenic acid in the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis. In: Huang Y-S and Mills DE (eds) γ-Linolenic Acid, pp 22–32. AOCS Press, Champaign, IL
Murphy DJ, Crowlher D and Woodrow IE (1984) Reconstitution of light-harvesting chlorophyll-protein complexes with Photosystem II complexes in soybean phosphatidylcholine liposomes. Enhancement of quantum efficiency at subsaturating light intensities in the reconstituted liposomes. FEBS Lett 165:151–155
Mustárdy L, Los DA, Gombos Z and Murata N (1996) Immunocytochemical localization of acyl-lipid desaturases in cyanobacterial cells: Evidence that both thylakoid membranes and cytoplasmic membranes are sites of lipid desaturation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 93: 10524–10527.
Nénonéné EK and Fragata M (1990) Effects of pH and freezethaw on photosynthetic oxygen evolution of Photosystem II particles incorporated into phosphatidylglycerol bilayers. J Plant Physiol 136:615–620
Nishida I, Beppu T, Matsuo T and Murata N (1992) Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone encoding a precursor to stearoyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) desaturase from spinach, Spinacia oleracea. Plant Mol Biol 19: 711–713
Nishida I, Tasaka Y, Shiraishi H and Murata N (1993) The gene and the RNA for the precursor to the plastid-located glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Mol Biol 21: 267–277
Nussberger S, Dörr K, Wang DN and Kühlbrandt W (1993) Lipid-protein interactions in crystals of plant light-harvesting complex. J Mol Biol 234: 347–356
Ohlrogge J and Browse J (1995) Lipid biosynthesis. Plant Cell 7: 957–970
Peterman EJG, Hobe S, Calkoen F, van Grondelle R, Paulsen H and van Amerongen H (1996) Low-temperature spectroscopy of monomeric and trimeric forms of reconstituted lightharvesting chlorophyll a/b complex. Biochim Biophys Acta 1273: 171–174
Pick U, Gounaris K, Admon A and Barber J (1984) Activation of the CFo-CFI, ATP synthase from spinach chloroplasts by chloroplast lipids. Biochim Biophys Acta 765: 12–20
Pick U, Gounaris K, Weiss M and Barber J (1985) Tightly bound sulpholipids in chloroplast CFo-CFI Biochim Biophys Acta 808:415–420
Pick U, Weiss M, Gounaris K and Barber J (1987) The role of different thylakoid glycolipids in the function of reconstituted chloroplast ATP synthase. Biochim Biophys Acta 891:28–39
Radunz A (1984) Serological investigations on the function of phospholipids in the thylakoid membrane. In: Sybesma C (ed), Advances in Photosynthesis Research, Vol III, pp 151–154. Martinus Nijhoff/Dr W Junk Publishers, The Hague
Radunz A, Bader KP and Schmid GH (1984a) Serological investigations of the function of galactolipids in the thylakoid membrane. Z Pflanzenphysiol 114: 227–231
Radunz A, Bader KP and Schmid GH (1984b) Influence of antisera to sulfoquinovosyl diglyceride and to β-sitosterol on the photosynthetic electron transport in chloroplasts from higher plants. In: Siegenthaler PA and Eichenberger W (eds), Structure, Function and Metabolism of Plant Lipids, pp. 479–484. Elsevier Science Publishers BV, Amsterdam
Rawyler A and Siegenthaler PA (1980) Role of lipids in functions of photosynthetic membranes revealed by treatment with lipolytic acyl hydrolase. Eur J Biochem 110: 179–187
Rawyler A and Siegenthaler PA (1989) Change in the molecular organization of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol between resting and functioning thylakoid membranes. Involvement of the CFo-CFI-ATP synthetase. Biochim Biophys Acta 975: 283–292
Rawyler A and Siegenthaler PA (1996) Cyclodextrins: A new tool for the controlled lipid depletion of thylakoid membranes. Biochim Biophys Acta 1287: 89–97
Reddy AS, Nuccio ML, Gross LM and Thomas TL (1993) Isolation of Δ6-desaturase gene from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 by gain-of-function expression in Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120. Plant Mol Biol 22: 293–300
Reith ME and Munholland J (1995) Complete nucleotide sequence of the Porphyra purpurea chloroplast genome. Plant Mol Biol Rep 13:333–335
Rémy R, Trémolères A, Duval JC, Ambard-Bretteville F and Dubacq JP (1982) Study of the supramolecular organization of light-harvesting chlorophyll protein (LHCP). FEBS Lett 137: 271–275
Rémy R, Témolères A and Ambard-Bretteville F (1984) Formation of oligomeric light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein by interaction between its monomeric form and liposomes. Photobiochem Photobiophys 7: 267–276
Restall CJ, Williams WP, Percival MP, Quinn PJ and Chapman D (1979) The modulation of membrane fluidity by hydrogenation processes. III. The hydrogenation of biomembranes of spinach chloroplasts and a study of the effect of this on photosynthetic electron transport. Biochim Biophys Acta 555: 119–130
Reverdatto SV, Beilinson V and Nielsen NC (1995) The rps16, accD, psaI, ORF203, ORF151, ORF103, ORF229, and petA gene cluster in the chloroplast genome of soybean. Plant Physiol 109: 338
Rossak M, Tietje C, Heinz E and Benning C (1995) Accumulation of UDP-sulfoquinovose in a sulfolipid-deficient mutant of Rhodobacter sphaeroides. J Biol Chem 270: 25792–25797
Roughan PG and Slack CR (1982) Cellular organization of glycerolipid metabolism. Annu. Plant Physiol 33: 97–132
Routaboul JM and Browse J (1995) A role for membrane lipid trienoic fatty acids in photosynthesis at low temperatures. In: Matthis P (ed) Photosynthesis: From Light to Biosphere, Vol IV, pp 861–864. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht
Ryrie IJ and Fuad N (1982) Membrane adhesion in reconstituted proteoliposomes containing the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein complex: The role of charged surface groups. Arch Biochem Biophys 214: 475–488
Ryrie IJ, Anderson JM and Goodchild DJ (1980) The role of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein complex in chloroplast membrane stacking. Cation-induced aggregation of reconstituted proteoliposomes. Eur J Biochem 107: 345–354
Sakamoto T and Bryant DA (1997) Temperature-regulated mRNA accumulation and stabilization for fatty acid desaturase genes in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002. Mol Microbiol 23: 1281–1292
Sakamoto T, Wada H, Nishida I, Ohmori M and Murata N (1994a) Δ9 acyl-lipid desaturase of cyanobacteria: Molecular cloning and substrate specificities in terms of fatty acids, snpositions, and polar head groups. J Biol Chem 269: 25576–25580
Sakamoto T, Wada H, Nishida I, Ohmori M and Murata N (1994b) Identification of conserved domains in the Δ12 desaturase of cyanobacteria. Plant Mol Biol 24: 643–650
Sakamoto T, Los DA, Higashi S, Wada H, Nishida I, Ohmori M and Murata N. (1994c) Cloning of ω3 desaturase from cyanobacteria and its use in altering the degree of membranelipid unsaturation. Plant Mol Biol 26: 249–263
Sato N and Murata N (1982) Lipid biosynthesis in the blue-green alga, Anabaena variabilis. I. Lipid classes. Biochim Biophys Acta 710: 271–278
Schmidt H, Dresselhaus T, Buck F, Heinz E (1994) Purification and PCR-based cDNA cloning of a plastidial n-6 desaturase. Plant Mol Biol 26: 631–642
Shanklin J and Somerville C (1991) Stearoyl-acyl-carrier-protein desaturase from higher plants is structurally unrelated to the animal and fungal homologs. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88: 2510–2514
Shanklin J, Mullins C and Somerville C (1991) Sequence of a complementary DNA from Cucumis sativus L. encoding the stearoyl-acyl-carrier protein desaturase. Plant Physiol 97:467–468
Shimojima M, Ohta H, Iwamatsu A, Masuda T, Shioi Y and Takamiya K (1997) Cloning of the gene for monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase and its evolutionary origin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 333–337
Shorrosh BS, Roesler KR, Shintani D, van de Loo FJ and Ohlrogge JB (1995) Structural analysis, plastid localization, and expression of the biotin carboxylase subunit of acetylcoenzyme A carboxylase from tobacco. Plant Physiol 108: 805–812
Siefermann-Harms D, Ross JW, Kaneshiro KH and Yamamoto HY (1982) Reconstitution by monogalactosyldiacylglycerol of energy transfer from light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein complex to the photosystems in Triton X-100-solubilized thylakoids. FEBS Lett 149: 191–196
Siegenthaler PA and Vallino J (1995) Effect of a selective depletion of acyl lipids on the light and dark phosphorylation in spinach thylakoid membranes. In: Mathis P (ed) Photosynthesis: from Light to Biosphere, Vol III, pp 225–228. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht
Siegenthaler PA, Smutny J and Rawyler A (1984) Involvement of hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions of phospholipid molecules in photosynthetic electron flow activities. In: Siegenthaler PA and Eichenberger W (eds) Structure, Function and Metabolism of Plant Lipids, pp 475–478. Elsevier Science Publishers BV, Amsterdam
Siegenthaler PA, Smutny J and Rawyler A (1987a) Involvement of distinct populations of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine molecules in photosynthetic electron-flow activities, Biochim Biophys Acta 891:85–93
Siegenthaler PA, Rawyler A and Giroud C (1987b) Spatial organization and functional roles of acyl lipids in thylakoid membranes. In: Stumpf PK, Mudd JB and Nes WD (eds) The Metabolism, Structure and Function of Plant Lipids, pp 161–168. Plenum Press, New York
Siegenthalar, PA, Rawyler, A. and Smutny, J. (1989) The phospholipid population which sustains the uncoupled noncyclic electron flow activity is localized in the inner monolayer of the thylakoid membrane. Biochim Biophys Acta 975: 104–111
Siggaard-Andersen M, Kauppinen S and von Wettstein-Knowles P (1991) Primary structure of a cerulenin-binding β-ketoacyl-[acyl carrier protein] synthase from barley chloroplasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88: 4114–4118
Singh S, McKinney S and Green A (1994) Sequence of a cDNA from Linum usitatissimum encoding the stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase. Plant Physiol 104: 1075
Slabaugh MB, Tai H, Jaworski JG and Knapp SJ (1995) cDNA clones encoding β-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase III from Cuphea wrightii. Plant Physiol 108: 443–444
Slocombe SP, Cummins I, Jarvis RP and Murphy DJ (1992) Nucleotide sequence and temporal regulation of a seed-specific Brassica napus cDNA encoding a stearoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) desaturase. Plant Mol Biol 20: 151–155
Tai H and Jaworski JG (1993) 3-Ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase III from spinach (Spinacia oleracea) is not similar to other condensing enzymes of fatty acid synthase. Plant Physiol 103:1361–1367
Tai H, Post-Beittenmiller D and Jaworski JG (1994) Cloning of cDNA encoding 3-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase III from Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 106: 801–802
Tasaka Y, Gombos Z, Nishiyama Y, Mohanty P, Ohba T, Ohki K and Murata N (1996) Targeted mutagenesis of acyl-lipid desaturases in Synechocystis: Evidence for the important roles of polyunsaturated membrane lipids in growth, respiration and photosynthesis. EMBO J 15: 6416–6425
Thomas PG, Dominy PJ, Vigh L, Mansourian AR, Quinn PJ and Williams WP (1986) Increased thermal stability of pigmentprotein complexes of pea thylakoids following catalytic hydrogenation of membrane lipids. Biochim Biophys Acta 849: 131–140
Töpfer R and Martini M (1994) Molecular cloning of cDNAs or genes encoding proteins involved in de novo fatty acid biosynthesis in plants. J Plant Physiol 143: 416–425
van de Loo FJ, Turner S and Somerville C (1995) Expressed sequence tags from developing castor seeds. Plant Physiol 108: 1141–1150
Verwoert IIGS, Brown A, Slabas AR and Stuitje AR (1995) A Zea mays GTP-binding protein of the ARF family complements an Escherichia coli mutant with a temperature-sensitive malonyl-coenzyme A:acyl-carrier protein transacylase. Plant Mol Biol 27: 629–633
Vigh L, Joó F, Droppa M, Horváth LI and Horváth G (1985) Modulation of chloroplast membrane lipids by homogeneous catalytic hydrogenation. Eur J Biochem 147: 477–481
Vigh L, Combos Z, Horváth I and Joó F (1989) Saturation of membrane lipids by hydrogenation induces thermal stability in chloroplast inhibiting the heat-dependent stimulation of Photosystem I-mediated electron transport. Biochim Biophys Acta 979: 361–364
Vigh L, Los DA, Horváth I and Murata N (1993) The primary signal in the biological perception of temperature: Pd-catalyzed hydrogenation of membrane lipids stimulated the expression of the desA gene in Synechocystis PCC 6803. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90: 9090–9094
Wada H, Combos Z and Murata N (1990) Enhancement of chilling tolerance of a cyanobacterium by genetic manipulation of fatty acid desaturation. Nature 347: 200–203
Weber S, Wolter F-P, Buck F, Frentzen M and Heinz E (1991) Purification and cDNA sequencing of an oleate-selective acyl-ACP: sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase from pea chloroplasts. Plant Mol Biol 17: 1067–1076
Willms I, Malkin R and Chain RK (1987) Oxidation-reduction reactions of cytochrome b6-fcomplex. Arch Biochem Biophys 258: 248–258
Wissenbach M, Siggaard-Andersen M, Kauppinen S and von Wettstein-Knowles P (1992) Condensing enzymes of barley. In: Cherif A, Miled-Daund DB, Marzouk B, Smaoui A and Zarrouk M (eds) Metabolism, Structure and Utilization of Plant Lipids, pp 393–396. Centre National Pédagogique, Tunisie
Wu J and Browse J (1995) Elevated levels of high-melting-point phosphatidylglycerols do not induce chilling sensitivity in an Arabidopsis mutant. Plant Cell 7: 17–27
Wu J, Lightner J, Warwick N and Browse J (1997) Lowtemperature damage and subsequent recovery of fab1 mutant Arabidopsis exposed to 2° C. Plant Physiol 113: 347–356
Yadav NS, Wierzbicki A, Aegerter M, Caster CS, Pérez-Grau L, Kinney AJ, Hitz WD, Booth JR Jr, Schweiger B, Stecca KL, Allen SM, Blackwell M, Reiter RS, Carlson TJ, Russell SH, Feldmann KA, Pierce J and Browse J. (1993) Cloning of higher plant ω-3 fatty acid desaturases. Plant Physiol 103: 467–476
Yukawa Y, Takaiwa F, Shoji K, Masuda K and Yamada K (1996) Structure and expression of two seed-specific cDNA clones encoding stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase from sesame, Sesamum indicum L. Plant Cell Physiol 37: 201–205
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1998 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Murata, N., Siegenthaler, PA. (1998). Lipids in Photosynthesis: An Overview. In: Paul-André, S., Norio, M. (eds) Lipids in Photosynthesis: Structure, Function and Genetics. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, vol 6. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48087-5_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48087-5_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-0-7923-5173-3
Online ISBN: 978-0-306-48087-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive