Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Genetic Manipulation for Improvement of Microbial Biocontrol Agents

  • Chapter
Integrated Pest and Disease Management in Greenhouse Crops

Part of the book series: Developments in Plant Pathology ((DIPP,volume 14))

Conclusions

During the last few years genetic modification of microorganisms to improve their biological control of plant pathogens has created some very interesting results, which indicates that molecular biology can be used not only to understand the mechanism behind biological control, but also to improve biocontrol ability. It is, however, important to remember that in most strains, the ability to control disease will be explained by more than one mechanism, and the host for genetic modification has to be ecologically fit in the environment where the biocontrol is to be performed. Modification of a biocontrol mechanism may result in an improved biocontrol ability, but may also give unexpected effects. The effect of a new or modified biocontrol agent must therefore be carefully determined empirically for each host-pathogen system. There is also in the public a resistance against introduction of genetically modified organisms into the environment, which probably will slow down the introduction of genetically modified biocontrol agents in many countries. So far only a few modified organisms are on the market, e.g. the deletion mutants A. radiobacter strain K1026 (Section 25.3.3) and the Ice- mutant of P. syringae (Section 25.3.6), plus the protoplast fusant T. harvanum strain 1295-22 (Bio-Trek 22) (Section 25.2.2), but with the great demand for alternatives to chemicals in plant protection it is expected that more modified organisms soon will become commercially available.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ahmad, J.S. and Baker, R. (1988) Rhizosphere competence of benomyl-tolerant mutants of Trichoderma spp., Canadian J. of Microbiology 34, 694–696.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Armaleo, D., Ye, G., Klein, T.M., Shark, K.B., Sanford, J.C. and Johnston. S.A. (1990) Biolistic nuclear transformation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other fungi, Current Genetics 17, 97–103.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Asaka, O. and Shoda, M. (1996) Biocontrol of Rhizoctonia solani damping-off of tomato with Bacillus subtilis RB14, Applied and Environmental Microbiology 62, 4081–4085.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Belanger, R.R. and Benyagoub, M. (1997) Challenges and prospects for integrated control of powdery mildews in the greenhouse, Canadian J. of Plant Pathology 19, 310–314.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benyaacov, R., Knoller, S., Calwell, G.A., Becker, J.M. and Koltin, Y. (1994) Candida albicans gene encoding resistance to benomyl and methotrexate is a multidrug-resistance gene, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 38, 648–652.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boland, G.J. (1992) Hypovirulence and double-stranded RNA in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Canadian J. of Plant Pathology 14, 10–17.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boucher, C.A., Barberis, P.A., Trigalet, A.P. and Demery, D.A. (1985) Transposon mutagenesis of Pseudomonas solanacearum: Isolation of Tn5-induced avirulent mutants, J. of General Microbiology 131, 2449–2457.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carlton, B.C. and Brown, B.J. (1981) Gene mutation, in P. Gerhardt (ed.), Manual of Methods for General Bacteriology, American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, pp. 222–242.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, B.S., Choi, G.H. and Nuss, D.L. (1993) Mitotic stability and nuclear inheritance of integrated viral cDNA in engineered hypovirulent strains of the chestnut blight fungus, EMBO J. 12, 2991–2998.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, B.S., Choi, G.H. and Nuss, D.L. (1994) Attenuation of fungal virulence by synthetic infectious hypovirus transcripts, Science 264, 1762–1764.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chernin, L.S., de la Fuente, L., Sobolev, V., Haran, S., Vorgias, C.E., Oppenheim, A.B. and Chet, I. (1997) Molecular cloning, structural analysis, and expression in Escherichia coli of a chitinase gene from Enterobacter agglomerans, Applied and Environmental Microbiology 63, 834–839.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chet, I. (1987). Trichoderma-application, mode of action, and potential as a biocontrol agent of soilborne plant pathogenic fungi, in I. Chet (ed.), Innovative Approaches to Plant Disease Control, John Wiley & Sons. Inc., New York, pp. 137–160.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chet, I., Barak, Z. and Oppenheim, A. (1993) Genetic engineering of microorganisms for improved biocontrol activity, in I. Chet (ed.), Biotechnology in Plant Disease Control, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, pp. 211–235.

    Google Scholar 

  • Choi, G.H., Chen, B.S. and Nuss, D.L. (1995) Virus-mediated or transgenic suppression of a G-protein alpha-subunit and attenuation of fungal virulence, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 92, 305–309.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Choi, G.H. and Nuss, D.L. (1992) Hypovirulence of chestnut blight fungus conferred by an infectious viral cDNA, Science 257, 800–803.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Colbert, S.F., Hendson, M., Ferri, M. and Schroth, M.N. (1993) Enhanced growth and activity of a biocontrol bacterium genetically engineered to utilize salicylate, Applied and Environmental Microbiology 59, 2071–2076.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cook, R.J., Bruckart, W.L., Coulson, J.R., Goettel, M.S., Humber, R.A., Lumsden, R.D., Maddox, J.V., McManus, M.L., Moore. L., Meyer, S.F., Quimby, P.C., Stack, J.P. and Vaughn, J.L. (1996) Safety of microorganisms intended for pest and plant disease control: A framework for scientific evaluation. Biological Control 7, 333–351.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cooley, R.N. and Caten, C.E. (1993) Molecular analysis of the Septoria nodorum beta-tubulin gene and characterization of a benomyl resistance mutation, Molecular and General Genetics 237, 58–64.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • de la Cruz, J., Pintor-Toro, J.A., Benítez, T., Llobell, A. and Romero, L.C. (1995) A novel endo-1,3-glucanase, BGN13.1, involved in the mycoparasitism of Trichoderma harzianum, J. of Bacteriology 177, 6937–6945.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dickman, M.B. (1988) Whole cell transformation of the alfalfa fungal pathogen Colletotrichum trifolii, Current Genetics 14, 241–246.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Donner, S.C., Jones, D.A., McClure, N.C., Rosewarne, G.M., Tate, M.E., Kerr, A., Fajardo, N.N. and Clare, B.G. (1993) Agrocin 434, a new plasmid encoded agrocin from the biocontrol Agrobacterium strains K84 and K1026, which inhibits biovar 2 agrobacteria, Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 42, 185–194.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Draborg, H., Kauppinen, S., Dalbøke, H. and Christgau, S. (1995) Molecular cloning and expression in S. cerevisiae of two exochitinases from Trichoderma harzianum, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology International 36, 781–791.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis, J.G. and Kerr, A. (1979) Transfer of agrocin production from strain 84 to pathogenic recipients: A comment on the previous paper, in B. Schippers and W. Gams (eds.), Soil Borne Plant Pathogens, Academic Press, London, pp. 579–583.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellis, J.G., Kerr, A., van Montagu. M. and Schell, J. (1979). Agrobacterium: Genetic studies on agrocin 84 production and the biological control of crown gall, Physiological Plant Pathology 15, 311–319.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farrand, S.K., Slota, J.E., Shim, J.S. and Kerr, A. (1985) Tn5 insertions in the agrocin 84 plasmid: The conjugal nature of pAgK84 and the locations of determinants for tranfer-and agrocin 84 production, Plasmid 13, 106–117.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Faull, J.L. and Graeme-Cook, K. (1992) Characterization of mutants of Trichoderma harzianum with altered antibiotic production characteristics, in E.C. Tjamos, G.C. Papavizas and R.J. Cook (eds.), Biological Control of Plant Diseases, Plenum Press, New York, pp. 345–351.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frey, P., Prior. P., Marie. C., Kotoujansky, A., Trigalet-Demery, D. and Trigalet, A. (1994) Hrp-mutants of Pseudomonas solanacearum as potential biocontrol agents of tomato bacterial wilt, Applied and Environmental Microbiology 60, 3175–3181.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fry, J.C. and Day, M.J. (1992) Release of Genetically Engineered & Other Micro-organisms, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaffney, T., Lam, S., Ligon, J., Gates, K., Frazelle, A., Di Maio, J., Hill, S., Goodwin, S., Torkewitz, N., Allshouse, A., Kempf, H.-J. and Becker. J. (1994) Global regulation of expression of antifungal factors by a Pseudomonas fluorescens biological control strain, Molecular Plant-Microbe Interaction 7, 455–463.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • García, I., Lora, J.M., de la Cruz, J., Benítez, T., Llobell, A. and Pintor-Toro, J.A. (1994) Cloning and characterization of a chitinase (CHIT42) cDNA from the mycoparasitic fungus Trichoderma harzianum, Current Genetics 27, 83–89.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Glick, B.R. (1995) The enhancement of plant growth by free-living bacteria, Canadian J. of Microbiology 41, 109–117.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glick, B.R. and Bashan, Y. (1997) Genetic manipulation of plant growth-promoting bacteria to enhance biocontrol of phytopathogens, Biotechnology Advances 15, 353–378.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldman, G.H., van Montagu, M. and Herrera-Estrella, A. (1990) Transformation of Trichoderma harzianum by high-voltage electric pulse, Current Genetics 17, 169–174.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hammer, P.E., Hill, D.S., Lam, S.T., van Pee, K.-H. and Ligon, J.M. (1997) Four genes from Pseudomonas fluorescens that encode the biosynthesis of pyrrolnitrin, Applied and Environmental Microbiology 63, 2147–2154.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haran, S., Schickler, H., Pe’er, S., Logemann, S., Oppenheim, A. and Chet, I. (1993) Increased constitutive chitinase activity in transformed Trichoderma harzianum, Biological Control 3, 101–108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herman, G.E. and Taylor, A. (1989) Cloning effective strains of Trichoderma harzianum and solid matrix priming to improve biological seed treatment, Plant Disease 73, 631–637.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayes, C.K., Klemsdal, S., Lorito, M., Di Pietro, A., Peterbauer, C., Nakas, J.P., Tronsmo, A. and Harman, G.E. (1994) Isolation and sequence of an endochitinase-encoding gene from a cDNA library of Trichoderma harzianum, Gene 138, 143–148.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herrera-Estrella, A., Goldman, G.H. and van Montagu, M. (1990) High-efficiency transformation system for the biocontrol agents, Trichoderma spp., Molecular Microbiology 4, 839–843.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, D.S., Stein, J.I., Torkewitz, N.R., Morse, A.M., Howell, C.R., Pachlatko, J.P., Becker. J.O. and Ligon, J.M. (1994) Cloning of genes involved in the synthesis of pyrrolnitrin from Pseudomonas fluorescens and role of pyrrolnitrin synthesis in biological control of plant disease, Applied and Environmental Microbiology 60, 78–85.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Howitt, R.L.J., Beever, R.E., Pearson, M.N. and Forster, R.L.S. (1995) Presence of double-stranded RNA and virus-like particles in Botrytis cinerea, Mycological Research 99, 1472–1478.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, D.A. and Kerr, A. (1989) Agrobacterium radiobacter K1026, a genetically engineered derivative of strain K84, for biological control of crown gall, Plant Disease 73, 15–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, D.A., Ryder, M.H., Clare, B.G., Farrand, S.K. and Kerr, A. (1988) Construction of a Tra-deletion mutant of pAgK84 to safeguard the biological control of crown gall, Molecular & General Genetics 212, 207–214.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Juan-Abgona, R.V., Katsuno, N., Kageyama, K. and Hyakumachi, M. (1996) Isolation and identification of hypovirulent Rhizoctonia spp. from soil, Plant Pathology 45, 896–904.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keel, C., Schnider, U., Maurhofer, M., Boisard, C., Laville, J., Burger, U., Wirthner, P., Haas, D. and Défago, G. (1992) Suppression of root diseases by Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0: Importance of the bacterial secondary metabolite 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol, Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 5, 4–13.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kerr, A. (1980) Biological control of crown gall through production of agrocin 84, Plant Disease 64, 25–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kerr, A. and Htay, K. (1974) Biological control of crown gall through bacteriocin production, Physiological Plant Pathology 4, 37–44.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirimura, K., Imura, M., Lee, S.P., Kato, Y. and Usami, S. (1989) Intergeneric hybridization between Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma viride by protoplast fusion, Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 53, 1589–1596.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kousik, C.S., Snow, J.P. and Valverde, R.A. (1994) Comparison of double-stranded-RNA components and virulence among isolates of Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA and AG-1 IB, Phytopathology 84, 44–49.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laville, J., Voisard, C., Keel, C, Maurhofer, M., Défago, G. and Haas, D. (1992) Global control in Pseudomonas fluorescens mediating antibiotic synthesis and suppression of black root rot of tobacco, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 89, 1562–1566.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leong, J., Bitter, W., Koster, M., Marugg, J.D., Venturi, V. and Weisbeck, P.J. (1991) Molecular analysis of iron transport in plant growth-promoting Pseudomonas putida WC358, in C. Keel, B. Koller and G. Défago (eds.), Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria-Progress and Prospects, IOBC/WPRS Bulletin 14(8), 127–135.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ligon, J.M., Lam, S.T., Gaffney, T.D., Hill, D.S., Hammer, P.E. and Torkewitz, N. (1996) Biocontrol: Genetic modifications for enhanced antifungal activity, in G. Stacey, B. Mullin and P.M. Gresshoff (eds.), Biology of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Int. Soc. Plant-Microbe Interactions, St. Paul, Minn., pp. 457–462.

    Google Scholar 

  • Limón, M.C., Lora, J.M., García, I., de la Cruz, J., Llobell, A., Benftez, T. and Pintor-Toro. J.A. (1995) Primary structure and expression pattern of the 33-kDa chitinase gene from the mycoparasitic fungus Trichoderma hanianum. Current Genetics 28, 478–483.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lindemann, J. and Suslow, T.V. (1987) Competition between ice nucleation-active wild type and ice nucleation-deficient deletion strains of Pseudomonas syringae and P.fluorescens biovar I and biological control of frost injury on strawberry blossoms. Phytopathology 77, 882–886.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loper, J.E. and Ishimani, C.A. (1991) Factors influencing siderophore-mediated biocontrol activity of rhizosphere Pseudomonas spp., in D.L. Keister and P.B. Cregan (eds.). The Rhizosphere and Plant Growth, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 253–261.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lorito, M., Hayes, C.K., Di Pietro, A. and Harman, G.E. (1993) Biolistic transformation of Trichoderma hanianum and Gliocladium virens using plasmid and genomic DNA, Current Genetics 24, 349–356.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Margolles-Clark, E., Harman, G.E. and Penttilä, M. (1996) Enhanced expression of endochitinase in Trichoderma hanianum with the chbl promoter of Trichoderma reesei. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 62, 2152–2155.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marugg, D., Weger, L.A. de, Neilander, H.B., Oorthuizen, M., Recourt, K., Lugtenberg, B., van der Hofstad, G.A.J.M. and Weisbeek, P.J. (1989) Cloning and characterization of a gene encoding an outer membrane protein required for siderophore-mediated uptake of Fe 3+ in Pseudomonas putida WCS358, J. of Bacteriology 171, 2819–2826.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maurhofer, M., Keel, C, Schnider, U., Voisard, O, Haas, D. and Défago, G. (1992) Influence of enhanced antibiotic production in Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CHA0 on its disease suppressive capacity, Phytopathology 82, 190–195.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, J.F. (1972) Experiments in Molecular Genetics, Cold Spring Laboratory, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moenne Loccoz, Y., McHugh, B., Stephens, P.M., McConnel, F.I., Glennon, J.D., Dowling, D.N. and Ogara, F. (1996) Rhizosphere competence of fluorescent Pseudomonas sp. B24 genetically modified to utilise additional ferric siderophores, FEMS Microbiology Ecology 19, 215–225.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Monteiro-Vitorello, C.B., Bell, J.A., Fulbright, D.W. and Bertrand, H. (1995) A cytoplasmically transmissible hypovirulence phenotype associated with mitochondrial-DNA mutations in the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 92, 5935–5939.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morris, J., O’Sullivan, DJ., Koster, M., Leong, J., Weisbeck, P.J. and O’Gara, F. (1992) Characterization of fluorescent siderophore-mediated iron uptake in Pseudomonas sp. strain M1 14: Evidence for the existence of an additional ferric receptor, Applied and Environmental Microbiology 58, 630–635.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nuss, D.L. (1992) Biological control of chestnut blight: An example of virus-mediated attenuation of fungal pathogenesis. Microbiological Reviews 56, 561–576.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Orbach, M.J., Porro, E.B. and Yanovsky, C. (1986) Cloning and characterization of the gene for β-tubulin and its use as a dominant marker, Molecular and Cellular Biology 6, 2452–2461.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Papavizas, G.C., Roberts, D.P. and Kim, K.K. (1990) Development of mutants of Gliocladium virens tolerant to benomyl, Canadian J. of Microbiology 36, 484–489.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Penttilä, M., Nevalainen, H., Rättö, M., Salminen, E. and Knowles, J. (1987) A versatile transformation system for the cellulytic filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei. Gene 61, 155–164.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Peterbauer, C.K., Lorito, M., Hayes, C.K., Harman, G.E. and Kubicek, C.P. (1996) Molecular cloning and expression of the nagl gene (N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase-encoding gene) from Trichoderma harzanum P1, Current Genetics 30, 325–331.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Postma, J. and Luttikholt, A.J.G. (1993) Benomyl-resistant Auarium-isolates in ecological studies on the biological control of Fusarium wilt in carnation, Netherlands J. of Plant Pathology 99, 175–188.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ratto, M., Niku Paavola, M.L., Raaska, L., Mattila Sandholm, T. and Viikari, L. (1996) The effect of Trichoderma hanianum siderophores on yeasts and wood-rotting fungi, Material und Organismen 30, 279–292.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ryder, M. (1994) Key issues in the deliberate release of genetically-manipulated bacteria, FEMS Microbiology Ecology 15, 139–146.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ryder, M.H., Slota, J.E., Scarim, A. and Farrand, S.K. (1987) Genetic analysis of agrocin 84 production and immunity in Agrobacterium spp., J. of Bacteriology 169, 4184–4189.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schnider, U., Keel, C., Blumer, C., Troxler, J., DéTago, G. and Haas, D. (1995) Amplification of the housekeeping sigma factor in Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 enhances antibiotic production and improves biocontrol abilities, J. of Bacteriology 177, 5387–5392.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schroth, M.N. (1992) Risks of releasing wild-type and genetically engineered biocontrol organisms into the ecosystem, in E.C. Tjamos, G.C. Papavizas and R. J. Cook (eds.), Biological Control of Plant Diseases, Plenum Press, New York, pp. 371–379.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shapira, R., Ordentlich, A., Chet, I. and Oppenheim, A.B. (1989) Control of plant diseases by chitinase expressed from cloned DNA in Escherichia coli, Phytopathology 79, 1246–1249.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simon, R., Priefer, U. and Punier, A. (1983) A broad host range mobilization system for in vivo genetic engineering: Transposon mutagenesis in gram negative bacteria, Bio/Technology 1, 784–791.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sitrit, Y., Barak, Z., Kapulnik, Y., Oppenheim, A.B. and Chet, I. (1993) Expression of Serratia marcescens chitinase gene in Rhizobium meliloti during symbiosis on alfalfa roots, Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 6, 293–298.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stasz, T.E., Harman, G.E. and Weeden, N.F. (1988) Protoplast preparation and fusion in two biocontrol strains of Trichoderma harzianum, Mycologia 80, 141–150.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sun, X.Y., Griffith, M., Pasternak, J.J. and Glick, B.R. (1995) Low-temperature growth, freezing survival, and production of antifreeze protein by the plant-growth promoting rhizobacterium Pseudomonas putida GR12-2, Canadian J. of Microbiology 41, 776–784.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sundheim, L., Poplawsky, A. and Elllingboe, H. (1988) Molecular cloning of two chitinase genes from Serratia marcescens and their expression in Pseudomonas species, Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 33, 483–491.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tenning, P., van Rijsbergen, R., Zhao, Y. and Joos, H. (1993) Cloning and transfer of genes for antifungal compounds from Erwinia herbicola to Escherichia coli, Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 6, 474–480.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, M.D. and Kenerley, C.M. (1989) Transformation of the mycoparasite Gliocladium, Current Genetics 15, 415–420.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trigalet, A. and Demery, D. (1986) Invasiveness in tomato plants of Tn5-induced avirulent mutants of Pseudomonas solanacearum, Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 28, 423–430.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trigalet, A. and Trigalet-Demery, D. (1990) Use of avirulent mutants of Pseudomonas solanacearum for the biological control of bacterial wilt of tomato plants, Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 36, 27–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vicedo, B., Penalver, R., Asins, M.J. and López, M.M. (1993) Biological control of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, colonization, and pAgK84 transfer with Agrobacterium radiobacter K84 and the Tramutant strain K1026, Applied and Environmental Microbiology 59, 309–315.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Voisard, C., Rella, M. and Haas, D. (1988) Conjugative transfer of plasmid RP1 to soil isolates of Pseudomonas fluorescens is facilitated by certain large RP1 deletions, FEMS Microbiology Letters 55, 9–14.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, C.L., Farrand, S.K. and Hwang, I. (1994) Organization and expression of the genes on pAgK84 that encode production of agrocin 84, Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 7, 472–481.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Winkelmann, G., Lupp, R. and Jung, G. (1980) Herbicolins-New peptide antibiotics from Erwinina herbicola, J. of Antibiotics 33, 353–358.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Sonja Sletner Klemsdal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Arne Tronsmo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain

    R. Albajes

  2. University of Torino, Torino, Italy

    M. Lodovica Gullino

  3. University of Wageningen, Wageningen, The Netherland

    J. C. van Lenteren

  4. The Volcani Center, ARO, Bet Dagen, Israel

    Y. Elad

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1999 Kluwer Academic Publishers

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Klemsdal, S.S., Tronsmo, A. (1999). Genetic Manipulation for Improvement of Microbial Biocontrol Agents. In: Albajes, R., Lodovica Gullino, M., van Lenteren, J.C., Elad, Y. (eds) Integrated Pest and Disease Management in Greenhouse Crops. Developments in Plant Pathology, vol 14. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47585-5_25

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47585-5_25

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-7923-5631-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-306-47585-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation