Collection
Special Issue: Umwelt Theory and Phenomenology
The English term ‘phenomenon’ relies ultimately on the Greek root phainein, ‘to appear’; starting from here, phenomenology has explored and continues to explore different research fields, many of which related to the domain of living beings. At its core, Jakob von Uexküll’s Umwelt theory pivots on the phenomenological question: ‘How do the things of the world appear to living beings?’ Today, this issue is approached in different ways according to the specific nature of the considered living entities – related to the sign exchange of humans, animals, plants and fungi, and microorganisms. In the variety of its forms, phenomenology also questions the way in which human perception and semiosis approach organic life, relating it to the phenomena of the inorganic matter on the one side, and, on the other, to the cultural, social, psychological, and ethical sphere. Depending on various philosophical, cultural and religious background coordinates, the phenomenology of the living being can accentuate the separation or, on the contrary, the integration of the human form of life with respect to the natural context.
The planned special issue of Biosemiotics will welcome contributions that explore these and other lines of inquiry:
- How does the natural world appear to human consciousness? What are its distinctive phenomenological features? How can ‘aliveness’ be described and defined?
- Besides human consciousness, what other agencies develop a subjective world of experience? What are, in our and other species, the relationships between body, perception, and consciousness?
- What connections exist between biosemiotics and philosophical phenomenology? (Possible examples: the influence of Immanuel Kant’s transcendental idealism; the presence of the concept of Umwelt in Husserl and other phenomenologists).
- How should we understand the interplay between different aspects of the Umwelt, e.g. the Umwelt and the Innenwelt, in a phenomenological context?
- How can the Umwelt theory be further developed in the context of humans, to account in more detail, and more appropriately, for the perceptual and behavioural diversity and complexity of the human lifeworld?
- How can a descriptive phenomenology be developed in order to study animal behaviour and experience and/or human-animal relations and interaction?
- How can biosemiotics interact with other (in a broad sense) phenomenological perspectives on animal life? (Possible examples: Wolfgang Köhler’s Gestalt psychology; Max Scheler’s philosophical anthropology and Helmuth Plessner’s differentiation between centric and ex-centric positionality; Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s, Georges Canguilhem’s, Hedwig Conrad-Martius’, or Michel Henry’s theory of the living; Adolf Portmann’s morphology; René Girard’s idea of mimetic desire; Gilbert Simondon’s theory of individuation; Thomas Sebeok’s zoosemiotictheory, etcetera).
- How and to what extent can phenomenology be naturalized, i.e. realigned with empirical sciences? How can contemporary philosophy of science contribute to this process?
- What were Uexküll´s philosophical sources of inspiration? How can discussing them contribute to a modern understanding of the Umwelt theory as relevant for phenomenology?
The editors welcome contributions along other possible lines of inquiry as well.
Editors
-
Professor Carlo Brentari, PhD, University of Trento, Italy
Carlo Brentari (1974) is Assistant professor at the Department of Humanities of the University of Trento (Italy). In 2002, he obtained a PhD at the Karl-Franzens-Universität of Graz (Austria), with a dissertation on the American philosopher Susanne Langer. His key research fields are the German philosophical anthropology of the twentieth Century, modern and contemporary philosophy of biology, the Umwelt theory of Jakob von Uexküll, and Nicolai Hartmann’s ontology of nature.
-
Professor Morten Tønnessen, PhD, University of Stavanger, Norway
Morten Tønnessen (born 1976) is Professor of Philosophy at University of Stavanger, Norway. He has worked with Umwelt theory since his master thesis (Oslo, 2002), and with a brand of phenomenology inspired by Umwelt theory since his ph.d. thesis (Tartu, 2011). Academic (b)log: https://utopianrealism.blogspot.com.
