Infection and inflammation of the reproductive tract in women can have serious consequences including infertility and chronic pain. During pregnancy, there is a risk of developmental abnormalities in the fetus caused by infection and inflammation. Despite these potential negative outcomes for a significant portion of the world population, infection and inflammation in obstetrics and gynecology is an under-researched field. BMC Women’s Health is launching a new Collection, ‘Infection and inflammation in women's health,’ to bring together research about diagnosis and treatment of these conditions. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, pelvic inflammatory disease, sexually transmitted infections, chorioamnionitis, chronic inflammation, and immune activation. The Collection welcomes quantitative and qualitative research from around the globe and across the full spectrum of the reproductive and women’s health field.