Abstract
The organizational vehicles of Islamic political dissent vary greatly in the contemporary world. At one end of the spectrum, there could be full-fledged political parties occupying recognized positions in the official sphere of political life, and recently some of these have even come to take power in their respective countries. At the other end, however, one might find terrorist activity centred on small and isolated cells. Located somewhere in between could be a host of mass organizations associated with religious social movements, peaceful or otherwise and in some cases, assorted militias that deal in intimidation or violence. These diverse vehicles have found different levels of success in specific contexts. It is shown here that what kinds of vehicles become predominant is largely contingent on how social alliances come to be built to represent the interests of an increasingly diverse ummah — the community of believers — in modern and profane competition over power and resources.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Albertazzi, D. and D. McDonnell (2008) ‘Introduction: The Sceptre and the Spectre’, in D. Albertazzi and D. McDonnell (eds), Twenty-First Century Populism: The Spectre of Western European Democracy, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 1–11.
Bayat, A. (2007) Making Islam Democratic: Social Movements and the Post-Islamist Turn, Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Beinin, J. and Z. Lockman (1998) Workers on the Nile: Nationalism, Communism, Islam and the Egyptian Working Class, 1882–1954, Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press.
Berezin, M. (2009) Illiberal Politics in Neoliberal Times: Culture, Security and Populism in the New Europe, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bubalo, A., G. Fealy and W. Mason (2008) Zealous Democrats: Islamism and Democracy in Egypt, Indonesia and Turkey, Sydney: The Lowy Institute for International Policy (Lowey Institute Paper 25).
Canovan, M. (1981) Populism, New York: Harcourt Brace Javonovich.
Conniff, M. (1999) Populism in Latin America, Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press.
El Rashidi, S. (2012) ‘Egypt’s Sinai Peninsula: Fertile ground for discontent’, Al Ahram Online, September 2, available at: http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/51578/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-Sinai-Peninsula-Fertile-ground-for-disconte.aspx.
Eligur, B. (2010) The Mobilization of Political Islam in Turkey, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gusmuscu, S. (2010) ‘Class, status and party: The changing face of political Islam in Turkey and Egypt’, Comparative Political Studies, 43, 7: 835–61.
Hadiz, V. R. (2010) Localising Power in Post-Authoritarian Indonesia: A Southeast Asia Perspective, Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Hadiz, V. R. (2011) ‘Indonesian political Islam: Capitalist development and the legacies of the Cold War’, Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 30, 1: 3–38.
Hadiz, V. R. (2014) ‘A new Islamic populism and the contradictions of development’, Journal of Contemporary Asia, 44, 1: 125–43.
Hadiz, V. R. and R. Robison (2012) ‘Political economy and Islamic politics: Insights from the Indonesian case’, New Political Economy, 17, 2: 137–55.
Hefner, R. W. (1993) ‘Islam, state and civil society: ICMI and the struggle for the Indonesian middle class’, Indonesia, 56: 1–35.
Hicks, J. (2012) ‘The “missing link”: Explaining the political mobilisation of Islam in Indonesia’, Journal of Contemporary Asia, 42, 1: 39–66.
International Crisis Group (2010) ‘Indonesia: The dark side of Jama’ah Ansharut Tauhid (JAT)’, Asia Briefing, no. 107, 6 July.
Ionescu, G. and E. Gellner (eds) (1969) Populism: Its Meanings and National Characteristics, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
Jansen, R. S. (2011) ‘Populist mobilization: A new theoretical approach to populism’, Sociological Theory, 29, 2: 75–96.
Karmon, E. (1997) ‘Radical Islamic political groups in Turkey’, Middle East Review of International Affairs, 1, 4, December, available at: http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/ 1997/issue4/jv1n4a2.html.
Kuzminski, A. (2008) Fixing the System: A history of Populism, Ancient and Modern, New York: Continuum.
Laclau, E. (2005) On Populist Reason, London: Verso.
Leezenberg, M. (2001) ‘Political Islam among the Kurds’, International Conference Kurdistan: The Unwanted State, Jagiellonian University/Polish-Kurdish Society, Cracow, Poland, 29–31 March.
Mamdani, M. (2004) Good Muslim, Bad Muslim: America, the Cold War, and the Roots of Terror, New York: Pantheon Books.
Meijer, R. (2011) ‘The Jama’at al-Islamiyya as a social movement,’ in J. Beinin and F. Vairel (eds), Social Movements, Mobilization and Contestation in the Middle East and North Africa, Stanford: Stanford, Stanford University Press, pp. 143–62.
Mouzelis, N. (1985) ‘On the concept of populism: Populist and clientelist modes of incorporation in semiperipheral polities’, Politics & Society, 14: 329–48.
Nasr, V. (2009) Forces of Fortune: The Rise of the New Muslim Middle Class and What it Will Mean for Our World, New York: Free Press.
Panizza, F. (ed.) (2005) Populism and the Mirror of Democracy, London: Verso.
Pargeter, A. (2010) The Muslim Brotherhood: The Burden of Tradition. London: Saqi.
Peters, R. (2002) ‘Rolling back radical Islam’, Parameters: US Army War College Quarterly, Autumn: 4–16.
Rahmat, I. M. (2008) Ideologi politik PKS: Dari masjid kampus ke gedung parlemen, Yogyakarta: LKIS.
Robison, R. and V. R. Hadiz (2004) Reorganising Power in Indonesia: The Politics of Oligarchy in an Age of Markets, London: RoutledgeCurzon.
Roy, O. (1994) The Failure of Political Islam, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Sidel, J. T. (2006) Riots, Pogroms, Jihad: Religious Violence in Indonesia, Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Solahudin (2011) NII sampai JI : Salafy jihadisme di Indonesia, Jakarta: Komunitas Bambu.
Stacher, J. (2012) Adaptable Autocrats: Regime Power in Egypt and Syria, Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Taggart, P. (2000) Populism, Buckingham: Open University Press.
Temby, Q. (2010) ‘Imagining an Islamic state in Indonesia: From Darul Islam to Jemaah Islamiyah’, Indonesia, 89, April: 1–36.
Uslu, E. (2011) ‘Erbakan’s contributions to Turkish politics’, Today’s Zaman, March 1, available at: http://www.todayszaman.com/columnist-236902-erbakans-contributions-to-turkish-politics.html.
Van Bruinessen, M. (2002) ‘Genealogies of Islamic radicalism in post-Suharto Indonesia’, South East Asia Research, 10, 2: 117–54.
White, J. (2002) Islamist Mobilization in Turkey: A Study in Vernacular Politics, Seattle: University of Washington Press.
Wickham, C. R. (2002) Mobilizing Islam: Religion, Activism, and Political Change in Egypt, New York: Columbia University Press.
Wilson, I. D. (2008) ‘As long as it’s halal: Islamic preman in Jakarta’, in G. Fealy and S. White (eds) Expressing Islam: Religious Life and Politics in Indonesia, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, pp. 192–211.
Yavuz, M. H. (2009) Secularism and Muslim Democracy in Turkey, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Yakuz, M. H. and J. H. Esposito (eds) (2003) Turkish Islam and the Secular State: The Gülen Movement, Syracuse: Syracuse University Press.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2014 IDE-JETRO and Murdoch University
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hadiz, V.R. (2014). The Organizational Vehicles of Islamic Political Dissent: Social Bases, Genealogies and Strategies. In: Teik, K.B., Hadiz, V.R., Nakanishi, Y. (eds) Between Dissent and Power. IDE-JETRO Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137408808_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137408808_3
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-48841-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-40880-8
eBook Packages: Palgrave Economics & Finance CollectionEconomics and Finance (R0)