Abstract
In April 1836, an unpleasant accident occurred at Wombwell’s menagerie, which was then stationed in Carlisle. The victim, a fifty-four-year-old ex-soldier named John Newbolt, had been sauntering around the exhibition for some time, ‘inspecting and patting’ all the animals, when he arrived at the cage of the tiger and ‘had the audacity to take hold of the animal’s ear’. ‘Not being accustomed to such familiarity’, the tiger seized Newbolt’s hand, mauling it with its teeth and dragging him into the cage. Wracked with pain, Newbolt screamed loudly. The majority of his fellow spectators, terrified by his cries of alarm, speedily absented themselves from the show, but ‘two or three persons having more courage than the rest’, seized hold of the wounded man and hauled him from the beast’s jaws. Newbolt was taken to hospital, where a surgeon amputated his mangled thumb and forefinger. A few days later he contracted a fever and perished in great agony, his arm and face ‘frightfully swollen’. An inquest into the accident heard that the keepers had issued ‘repeated warnings’ to Newbolt against ‘using familiarities with the animals’, but that these had been ignored. The coroner returned a verdict of ‘accidental death’.1
The lynx that escaped the other day from a menagerie near Liverpool has not been recovered. It is still, in fact, the missing lynx. (Huddersfield Chronicle, 15 January 1870)
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Notes
See Arthur Conan Doyle, ‘The Veiled Lodger’ in The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes (London: John Murray, 1927). This story concerns a menagerist’s wife who is mauled by a lion while trying to murder her abusive husband.
J.H. Baker, An Introduction to English Legal History, Fourth Edition (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007), pp.416–417.
Belfast News-Letter, 7 November 1871. For a discussion of the racialised nineteenth-century conceptions of the Irish, see Christine Kinealy, ‘At home with the Empire: the example of Ireland’, in Hall and Rose, At Home with the Empire, pp.77–100; L.P. Curtis, Apes and Angels: The Irishman in Victorian Caricature (London: David and Charles, 1971).
For an analysis of the complex psychological experiences of gallows crowds, see V.A.C. Gattrell, The Hanging Tree: Execution and the English People, 1770–1868 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994), especially ‘Death and the Scaffold Crowd’, pp.56–89. On the Victorians’ taste for violence in popular entertainment, see Crone, Violent Victorians.
Esther Cohen, ‘Law, Folklore and Animal Lore’, Past and Present 110 (1986), pp.6–37. This practice appears to have been confined to continental Europe, and did not extend to Britain.
Glasgow Herald, 21 November 1853. Amy Wood suggests that the situation was rather different in the late-nineteenth-century USA, where staged executions of elephants functioned both as commercial boost for showmen and a form of restorative justice for the watching public, particularly after the public hanging and electrocution of human criminals was moved behind prison walls. Such public killings did happen in Victorian Britain, again usually involving elephants, but I have been more struck by the number of menagerie inmates who attacked humans and were not destroyed. See Amy Louise Wood, ‘“Killing the Elephant”: Murderous Beasts and the Thrill of Retribution, 1885–1930’, The Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era, 11 (2012), pp.405–444.
Erica Fudge, Animal (London: Reaktion Books, 2002), p.30.
On the portrayal of murder in the Victorian press, see Judith Flanders, The Invention of Murder (London: Harper Collins, 2009).
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© 2014 Helen Cowie
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Cowie, H. (2014). Dangerous Frolicking. In: Exhibiting Animals in Nineteenth-Century Britain. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137384447_8
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