Language Ideology and Policy in an American “Hot Spot”: Perspectives on Native American Language Education

Abstract

Native American tribes within the state of Oklahoma are faced with the loss of their heritage language at an alarming rate, much to do with monolingual English language ideologies that have been promoted within schools. This chapter is informed by document and policy analysis of Native American language education within the state of Oklahoma. It begins by examining the history of language ideology, policy, and language immersion programs both at the state and national level. The chapter then discusses an analysis of policy texts and government reports that relate to Native American language education and highlights a clash of ideology and a confusing disconnect between policy intentions and actions on the ground. The chapter yields further contributions to the dialog on Native American language education and language policy planning by highlighting the relationship between language ideology, policy, and educational practices that impact student outcomes.