Abstract
In the course of her career, Helen Maria Williams undertook multiple experiments with life writing including epistolary histories, travelogues, character sketches, biographies, obituaries, and editions of letters. The scope and diversity of her work highlights the fluidity of life writing forms and their potential for women writers engaged in historical and political narration. Williams’ eye-witness accounts of events in France, from the early days of the French Revolution to the aftermath of the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy, consist of thirteen volumes covering the period 1790 to 1819. Her writing is characterised by a feeling and intimate response to revolutionary events, but she avoids scandalous self-revelation in favour of a personalised social history in which she memorialises the experiences of a generation. Friendships were central to her life writing in her commitment to the dialogic form of the letter and the language of sensibility, the sympathetic narration of the lives of others, and the inclusion of historical insights by collaborators. Writing in medias res, Williams’ self-representation changed radically in response to political events from the visual spectacles and sentimental narratives of the early volumes of the Letters from France (1790–1796) to the increasing emphasis on collective memories, posterity, and the historical record in her later works.
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Notes
Maurice Haibwachs, On Collective Memory, Lewis A. Coser (ed. and trans.) (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992), 40.
Mary A. Favret, Romantic Correspondence: Women, Politics and the Fiction of Letters (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993), 86.
Liz Stanley, ‘The Epistolary Gift, the Editorial Third-Party, Counter-Epistolaria: Rethinking the Epistolarium’, Life Writing, 8.2 (2011), 135–52 (144).
Mary A. Favret, ‘Spectatrice as Spectacle: Helen Maria Williams At Home in the Revolution’, Studies in Romanticism, 32 (1993), 273–95 (280–2).
Mark Salber Phillips, Society and Sentiment: Genres of Historical Writing in Britain, 1740–1820 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000), 26.
Peter Fritzsche, Stranded in the Present: Modern Time and the Melancholy of History (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2004), 39, 8.
Deborah Kennedy, ‘Spectacle of the Guillotine: Helen Maria Williams and the Reign of Terror’, Philological Quarterly, 73.1 (1994), 95–113 (98).
Adriana Craciun also recognises that this passage ‘could as easily have come from Rousseau’s Confessions as from Williams’s Letters’, but she reads this in terms of Williams’ rivalry with Robespierre ‘for the role of Rousseau’s true heir’. Adriana Craciun, British Women Writers and the French Revolution: Citizens of the World (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2005), 109–10.
Helen Maria Williams, Four New Letters of Mary Wollstonecraft and Helen M. Williams, Benjamin P. Kurtz and Carrie C. Autrey (eds) (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1937), 45.
Mary Wollstonecraft and William Godwin, A Short Residence in Sweden and Memoirs of the Author of’ The Rights of Woman’, Richard Holmes (ed.) (London: Penguin Books, 1987), Wollstonecraft, A Short Residence, 122.
This is also noted in Deborah Kennedy, Helen Maria Williams and the Age of Revolution (Lewisburg: Bucknell University Press, 2002), 140 and by Jones, Radical Sensibility, 156.
Kelly, Women, Writing, and Revolution, 62; Kennedy, ‘Guillotine’, 95–113; Jones, Radical Sensibility, 146; Angela Keane, Women Writers and the English Nation in the 1790s (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), 67–8.
Craciun, Citizens of the World, 108. Williams’ approach is consistent with Greg Kucich’s insight that the aftermath of the French Revolution was marked by ‘the growing power of historical memory to authorize competing political communities’. Greg Kucich, ‘Romanticism and the Re-engendering of Historical Memory’, in Matthew Campbell, Jacqueline M. Labbe, and Sally Shuttleworth (eds), Memory and Memorials, 1789–1914: Literary and Cultural Perspectives (London: Routledge, 2000), 15–29 (15).
Svetlana Boym, The Future of Nostalgia (New York: Basic Books, 2001), 54–5.
Liz Stanley, The Auto/biographical I: the Theory and Practice of Feminist Auto/ biography (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1992), 214.
Steven Blakemore, Crisis in Representation: 1’homas Paine, Mary Wollstonecrajt, Helen Maria Williams, and the Rewriting of the French Revolution (Madison: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1997), 20.
Madeleine B. Stern, ‘The English Press in Paris and its Successors, 1793–1852’, Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America, 74 (1980), 307–59 (344–50).
Anne K. Mellor, Romanticism and Gender (New York: Routledge, 1993), 76–7.
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© 2014 Amy Culley
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Culley, A. (2014). ‘The Good Will Remain Written in Brass’. In: British Women’s Life Writing, 1760–1840. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137274229_13
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137274229_13
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