Abstract
Burnet addresses how Rwanda became the global leader in terms of expanding women’s inclusion in politics. In 2008, Rwanda was the first country in the world to elect a female-majority parliament. Women realized this achievement in large part thanks to a gender quota system instituted in 2003. Beyond achieving gender parity in the legislature, Rwanda has adopted numerous laws since 1995 that promote and enhance protection of women’s rights. These laws have placed sexual violence during the genocide among the gravest genocide crimes; extended equal inheritance rights to girl children; ensured women’s rights to land ownership and wives’ rights to have their names appear along with their husbands on deeds; and criminalized marital rape, domestic violence, and other forms of gender-based violence.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Berry, M.E. 2015. When ‘Bright Futures’ Fade: Paradoxes of Women’s Empowerment in Rwanda. Signs 41 (1): 1–27.
Booth, D., and F. Golooba-Mutebi. 2012. Developmental Patrimonialism? The Case of Rwanda. African Affairs 111 (444): 379–403.
Burnet, J.E. 2008. Gender Balance and the Meanings of Women in Governance in Post-Genocide Rwanda. African Affairs 107 (428): 361–386.
Burnet, J.E. 2011. Women Have Found Respect: Gender Quotas, Symbolic Representation and Female Empowerment in Rwanda. Politics & Gender 7 (3): 303–334.
Burnet, J.E. 2012. Genocide Lives in Us: Women, Memory, and Silence in Rwanda. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
Burnet, J.E., and Rwanda Initiative for Sustainable Development. 2003. Culture, Practice, and Law: Women’s Access to Land in Rwanda. In Women and Land in Africa: Culture, Religion and Realizing Women’s Rights, ed. L.M. Wanyeki, 176–206. New York: Zed Books.
Coffé, H. 2012. Conceptions of Female Political Representation: Perspectives of Rwandan Female Representatives. Women’s Studies International Forum 35 (4): 286–297.
Dahlerup, D. 2005. Increasing Women’s Political Representation: New Trends in Gender Quotas. In Women in Parliament: Beyond Numbers, Revised Edition, ed. J. Ballington and A. Karam, 141–153. Stockholm: International IDEA.
Des Forges, A. 1999. “Leave None to Tell the Story”: Genocide in Rwanda. New York: Human Rights Watch.
Devlin, C., and R. Elgie. 2008. The Effect of Increased Women’s Representation in Parliament: The Case of Rwanda. Parliamentary Affairs 61 (2): 237–254.
Golooba-Mutebi, F. 2013. Politics, Political Settlements and Social Change in Post-Colonial Rwanda. ESID Working Paper (24). Available at http://www.effective-states.org/wp-content/uploads/working_papers/final-pdfs/esid_wp_24_golooba-mutebi.pdf. Accessed 10 Apr 2018.
Gready, P. 2010. ‘You’re Either With Us or Against Us’: Civil Society and Policy Making in Post-Genocide Rwanda. African Affair 109 (437): 637–657.
Htun, M., and S.L. Weldon. 2010. When Do Governments Promote Women’s Rights? A Framework for the Comparative Analysis of Sex Equality Policy. Perspectives on Politcs 8 (1): 207–216.
Human Rights Watch. 1996. Shattered Lives: Sexual Violence During the Rwandan Genocide and Its Aftermath. New York: Human Rights Watch.
Jefremovas, V. 2002. Brickyards to Graveyards: From Production to Genocide in Rwanda. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Longman, T. 2006. Rwanda: Achieving Equality or Serving an Authoritarian State? In Women in African Parliaments, ed. H.E. Britton and G. Bauer, 133–150. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.
Martin, M. 2000. The Almanac of Women and Minorities in World Politics. Boulder: Westview Press.
Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning. 2000. Rwanda Vision 2020. Kigali: Republic of Rwanda.
Muberanziza, A. 2003. L’acces des femmes aux fonctions parlementaires au Rwanda. Dialogue 231: 3–25.
Newbury, C., and H. Baldwin. 2001. Confronting the Aftermath of Conflict: Women’s Organizations in Postgenocide Rwanda. In Women and Civil War: Impact, Organizations, and Action, ed. K. Kumar, 97–128. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.
Powley, E. 2005. Rwanda: Women Hold Up Half the Parliament. In Women in Parliament: Beyond Numbers. A Revised Edition, ed. J. Ballington and A. Karam, 154–163. Stockholm: International IDEA.
Powley, E., and E. Pearson. 2007. ‘Gender is Society’: Inclusive Lawmaking in Rwanda’s Parliament. Critical Half 5 (1): 15–19.
Republic of Rwanda. 2010. National Gender Policy. Kigali, Rwanda, Ministry of Gender and Family Promotion.
Reyntjens, F. 1985. Pouvoir et droit au Rwanda: Droit public et évolution politique, 1916–1973. Tervuren, Belgique: Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale.
Reyntjens, F. 2006. Post-1994 Politics in Rwanda: Problematising ‘Liberation’ and ‘Democratisation’. Third World Quarterly 27 (6): 1103–1117.
Reyntjens, F. 2011. Constructing the Truth, Dealing with Dissent, Domesticating the World: Governance in Post-Genocide Rwanda. African Affairs 110 (438): 1–34.
Simons, J.D., and C. Schulze. n.d. Impact of the Land Reform on the Land Rights and Economic Poverty Reduction of the Majority Rural, Especially Women Who Depend on Land for Their Livelihood. Available at http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTIE/Resources/475495-1302790806106/GOV6Pres3Kairaba2.pdf. Accessed 10 Apr 2018.
Straus, S. 2006. The Order of Genocide: Race, Power, and War in Rwanda. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.
Sundaram, A. 2016. Bad News: Last Journalists in a Dictatorship. New York: Doubleday.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2019 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Burnet, J.E. (2019). Rwanda: Women’s Political Representation and Its Consequences. In: Franceschet, S., Krook, M.L., Tan, N. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Women’s Political Rights. Gender and Politics. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59074-9_38
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59074-9_38
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-137-59073-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-59074-9
eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)