Abstract
This chapter outlines the parameters of a formal ontology of the political, or, else, a type of void political ontology, that undermines the depoliticising logic of foundationalism from within without falling back to an abstract exteriority or a ‘false’ transcendence and, thus, clearing the ground for a non-ideological treatment of pluralism. Such a void ontology rests on the difference between politics and the political as the double lack (stasis) both within politics (any particular order resting on its constitutive exception) as well as within the political itself (as the radical impotence penetrating the political itself in the form of a constitutive split permeating its operation that corresponds to the idea of the Lacanian Real as inexistent, incomplete, not-all). The rest of the chapter examines tragedy as the necessary but fictional ground of a depoliticized/ideological mode of subjectivity that structures the terrain of human agency, order and intelligibility around a traumatic core. Tragedy, here, exemplifies the tension between two contradictory tendencies that, nevertheless, meet in their depoliticising effects: either by reducing the political to its constituted expression (post-politics) or by hyperpoliticising the transgressive moment of the political (ultra-politics).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Agamben, Giorgio. 1991. Language and Death: The Place of Negativity. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
———. 1993. The Coming Community. Trans. Michael Hardt. Minneapolis: Univertsity of Minnesota Press.
———. 1998. Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
———. 1999. Potentialities: Collected Essays in Philosophy. Trans. Daniel Heller-Roazen. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
———. 2000. Means Without End: Notes on Politics. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
———. 2015. Stasis: Civil War as a Political Paradigm. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Ahrensdorf, J. Peter. 2011. Greek Tragedy and Political Philosophy: Rationalism and Religion in Sophocles’ Theban Plays. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Arendt, Hannah. 2009. On Revolution. London: Penguin.
Badiou, Alain. 2001. Ethics: An Essay on the Understanding of Evil. Trans. P. Hallward. London; New York: Verso.
———. 2003. St Paul: The Foundation of Universalism. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
———. 2007. Being and Event. London; New York: Continuum.
———. 2009. Logics of Worlds: Being and Event II. Trans. Alberto Toscano. New York: Continuum.
Basterra, Gabriela. 2004. Seductions of Fate: Tragic Subjectivity, Ethics, Politics. Basingstoke, UK; New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Bataille, George. 1985. Visions of Excess: Selected Writings, 1927–1939. Trans. Allan Stoekl. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Beistegui, de Miguel, and Simon Sparks, eds. 2000. Philosophy and Tragedy. London and New York: Routledge.
Blanchot, Maurice. 1988. The Unavowable Community. Trans. Pierre Joris. New York: Station Hill Press.
Breckman, Warren. 2013. Adventures of the Symbolic: Post-Marxism and Radical Democracy. New York: Columbia University Press.
Breu, Christopher. 2009. Signification and Substance: Towards a Leftist Ontology of the Present. In A Leftist Ontology: Beyond Relativism and Identity Politics, ed. Carsten Strathausen. Minneapolis; London: University of Minnesota Press.
Brockelman, Thomas. 2003. The Failure of the Radical Democratic Imaginary: Žižek Versus Laclau and Mouffe on Vestigial Utopia. Philosophy and Social Criticism 29(2): 183–208.
———. 2008. Žižek and Heidegger: The Question Concerning Techno-Capitalism. London: Continuum.
Butler, Judith. 1997. The Psychic Life of Power: Theories in Subjection. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Chiesa, Lorenzo. 2007. Subjectivity and Otherness: A Philosophical Reading of Lacan. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Coole, Diana. 2000. Negativity and Politics: Dionysus and Dialectics from Kant to Poststructuralism. London and New York: Routledge.
Coole, Diana, and Samantha Frost. 2010. Introducing the New Materialisms. In New Materialisms: Ontology, Agency, and Politics, eds. D. Coole and S. Frost, 1–45. Durham and London: Duke University Press.
Critchley, Simon. 2008. Infinitely Demanding: Ethics of Commitment, Politics of Resistance. London; New York: Verso.
———. 2012. The Faith of the Faithless: Experiments in Political Theology. London and New York: Verso.
Curtis, Neal. 2007. Tragedy and Politics. Philosophy and Social Criticism 33(7): 860–879.
Derrida, Jacques. 1973. Speech and Phenomena, and Other Essays on Husserl’s Theory of Signs. Trans. D. Allison. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.
———. 1981. Positions. Trans. Alan Bass. Chicago: Chicago Univeristy Press.
Dienstag, F. Joshua. 2009. Pessimism: Philosophy, Ethic, Spirit. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Duffy, J. Stephen. 1988. Our Heart of Darkness: Original Sin Revisited. Theological Studies 49: 597–622.
Eagleton, Terry. 2003. Sweet Violence: The Idea of the Tragic. Oxford: Blackwell.
Edkins, Jenny. 1999. Poststructuralism and International Relations: Bringing the Political Back in. London: Lynne Rienner.
Erskine, Toni, and N. Richard Lebow. 2012. Learning from Tragedy and Refocusing International Relations. In Tragedy and International Relations, eds. T. Erskine and N.R. Lebow, 185–217. Basingstoke, UK; New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Euben, J. Peter. 1990. The Tragedy of Political Theory: The Road Not Taken. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Forsyth, Neil. 1987. The Old Enemy: Satan and the Combat Myth. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Georgopoulos, N., ed. 1993. Tragedy and Philosophy. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
Glynos, Jason. 2003. Radical Democratic Ethos, or, What Is an Authentic Political Act? Contemporary Political Theory 2(2): 187–208.
Haynes, Patricia. 2012. Immanent Transcendence: Reconfiguring Materialism in Continental Philosophy. London: Bloomsbury.
Hegel, W.F. Georg. 1995. Hegel’s Science of Logic. Trans. A.V. Miller. Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press International.
Heidegger, Martin. 1959. An Introduction to Metaphysics. Trans. R. Manheim. New Haven: Yale University Press.
———. 1996. Being and Time. Trans. Joan Stambaugh. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
Honig, Bonnie. 2009. Emergency Politics: Paradox, Law, Democracy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Jaspers, Karl. 1953. Tragedy Is Not Enough. Trans. T.A.H. Reiche, T.H. Moore, and W.K. Deutch. London: Victor Gollancz Ltd.
Jonas, Hans. 1992. The Gnostic Religion: The Message of the Alien God and the Beginnings of Christianity. London: Routledge.
Kaufmann, A. Walter. 1992. Tragedy and Philosophy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Koselleck, Reinhardt. 2004. Futures Past: On the Semantics of Historical Time. Trans. K. Tribe. New York; Chichester: Columbia University Press.
Kotsko, Adam. 2008. Žižek and Theology. London; New York: T&T Clark.
Lacan, Jacques. 1981. The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis, ed. Alain Miller, trans. A. Sheridan. London; New York: Norton.
———. 1988. Seminar on the Purloined Letter. Trans. J. Melhman. In The Purloined Poe: Lacan, Derrida and Psychoanalytic Reading, eds. J. Muller and W. Richardson. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.
———. 1992. The Ethics of Psychoanalysis, 1959–60: The Seminars of Jacques Lacan Book VII. Trans. Dennis Porter. New York: Norton.
Laclau, Ernesto. 1990. New Reflections on the Revolution of Our Time. Trans. J. Barnes. London: Verso.
———. 1996. Why Do Empty Signifiers Matter to Politics. In Emancipation(s). London: Verso.
Laclau, Ernesto, and Chantal Mouffe. 1985. Hegemony and Socialist Strategy: Towards a Radical Democratic Politics. Trans. W. Moore and P. Cammack. London and New York: Verso.
Lambropoulos, Vassilis. 2006. The Idea of the Tragic. London: Duckworth.
Lebow, N. Richard. 2012. The Politics and Ethics of Identity: In Search of Ourselves. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Lefort, Claude. 1988. Democracy and Political Theory. Cambridge: Polity in association with Basil Blackwell.
Levine, J. Daniel. 2012. Recovering International Relations: The Promise of Sustainable Critique. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Loraux, Nicole. 2001. The Divided City: On Memory and Forgetting in Ancient Athens. New York: Zone Books.
Lumsden, Simon. 2007. Dialectic and Différance: The Place of Singularity in Hegel and Derrida. Philosophy & Social Criticism 33(6): 667–690.
Machiavelli, Nicolo. 1996. Discourse on Livy. Trans. Harvey C. Mansfeld and Nathan Tarcov. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Marchart, Oliver. 2006. The Absence at the Heart of Presence: Radical Democracy and the ‘Ontology of Lack’. In Radical Democracy: Politics Between Abundance and Lack, eds. L. Tønder and L. Thomassen. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
———. 2007. Post-foundational Political Thought: Political Difference in Nancy, Lefort, Badiou and Laclau. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
McFarland, A. Ian. 2010. In Adam’s Fall: A Meditation of the Christian Doctrine of Original Sin. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
———. 2014. From Nothing: A Theology of Creation. Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster John Knox Press.
McNeill, W. 2000. A ‘Scarcely Pondered World’. The Place of Tragedy: Heidegger, Aristotle, Sophocles. In Philosophy and Tragedy, eds. M. de Beistegui and S. Sparks, 169–189. London: Routledge.
Milbank, John, and Adrian Pabst. 2016. The Politics of Virtue: Post-Liberalism and the Human Future. London: Rowman and Littlefield.
Nancy, Jean-Luc. 1991. The Inoperative Community. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
———. 2001. Being Singular Plural. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Nietzsche, Friedrich. 1967. On the Genealogy of Morals. Trans. W. Kaufmann and R.J. Hollingdale. New York: Vintage Books.
———. 1993. The Birth of Tragedy: Out of the Spirit of Music. Trans. S. Whiteside. London: Penguin Books.
Noys, Benjamin. 2012. The Persistence of the Negative: A Critique of Contemporary Continental Theory. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Owens, Patricia. 2015. Economy of Force Counterinsurgency and the Historical Rise of the Social. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Paipais, Vassilios. 2013. Necessary Fiction: Realism’s Tragic Theology. International Politics 50(6): 846–862.
———. 2016a. Overcoming ‘Gnosticism’: Realism as Political Theology. Cambridge Review of International Affairs 29(4).
———. 2016b. First Image Revisited: Human Nature, Original Sin and International Relations. Journal of International Relations and Development. DOI: 10.1057/s41268-016-0072-y.
Palonen, Kari. 2006. The Struggle with Time: A Conceptual History of ‘Politics’ as an Activity. Münster; Hamburg; London: LIT.
Prozorov, Sergei. 2005. X/Xs: Toward a General Theory of the Exception. Alternatives: Global, Local, Political 30(1): 81–112.
———. 2014a. Ontology and World Politics: Void Universalism I. London and New York: Routledge.
———. 2014b. Theory of the Political Subject: Void Universalism II. London and New York: Routledge.
Rengger, Nicholas. 2012. Tragedy or Scepticism? Defending the Anti-Pelagian Mind in World Politics. In Tragedy and International Relations, eds. T. Erskine and N.R. Lebow, 53–62. Basingstoke, UK; New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
———. 2016. The Anti-Pelagian Imagination in Political Theory and International Relations: Dealing in Darkness. London: Routledge.
Ricoeur, Paul. 2004. Original Sin: A Study in Meaning. In The Conflict of Interpretations: Essays in Hermeneutics, ed. D. Ihde, 265–282. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University.
Rosen, Stanley. 1974. G. W. F. Hegel. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Schelling, W.J. Friedrich. 1989. The Philosophy of Art. Trans. W.D. Stott. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Schmidt, Dennis. 2001. On Germans and Other Greeks, Tragedy and Ethical Life. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.
Schmitt, Carl. 1996. The Concept of the Political. Trans. G. Schwab. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
———. 2003. The Nomos of the Earth in the International Law of Jus Publicum Europaeum. New York: Telos Press.
———. 2008b. Political Theology II: The Myth of the Closure of Any Political Theology. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Schürmann, R. 1999. Ultimate Double Binds. In Heidegger Towards the Turn, ed. J. Risser, 243–268. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
Sesboüe, S.J. Bernard. 2004. The Theological Rationalization of Original Sin. In Original Sin: A Code of Fallibility, eds. Cristopher Boureux and Christoph Theobald. London: SCM Press.
Stavrakakis, Yannis. 1999. Lacan and the Political. London: Routledge.
———. 2003. Laclau with Lacan: Comments on the Relation Between Discourse Theory and Lacanian Psychoanalysis. In Jacques Lacan: Critical Evaluations in Cultural Theory Vol. III (Society, Politics, Ideology), ed. Slavoj Žižek. London; New York: Routledge.
———. 2006. Negativity and Democratic Politics: Radical Democracy Beyond Reoccupation and Conformism. In Radical Democracy: Politics Between Abundance and Lack, eds. L. Tønder and L. Thomassen, 185–202. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Steiner, George. 1961. The Death of Tragedy. New York: Knopf.
Strong, B. Tracy. 2012b. Nietzsche and Questions of Tragedy, Tyranny and International Relations. In Tragedy and International Relations, eds. T. Erskine and N.R. Lebow, 144–157. Basingstoke, UK; New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Šumič, Jelica. 2015. Politics and Psychoanalysis in the Times of the Inexistent Other. In Jacques Lacan: Between Psychoanalysis and Politics, eds. Samo Tomšič and Andreja Zevnik, 28–42. London and New York: Routledge.
Szondi, Peter. 2002. An Essay on the Tragic. Trans. P. Fleming. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Taubes, Jacob. 2009. Occidental Eschatology. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Taxidou, Olga. 2004. Tragedy, Modernity and Mourning. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Taylor, Charles. 1975. Hegel. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Thomassen, Lasse. 2005. Discourse Analytical Strategies: Antagonism, Hegemony and Ideology After Heterogeneity. Journal of Political Ideologies 10(3): 289–309.
Vardoulakis, Dimitris. 2009. Stasis: Beyond Political Theology? Cultural Critique 73: 125–147.
Walker, R.B.J 2010. After the Globe, Before the World. London: Routledge.
Wenman, Mark. 2013. Agonistic Democracy: Constituent Power in the Era of Globalization. Cambridge: Cambridge Univeristy Press.
Wiley, Tatha. 2002. Original Sin: Origins, Developments, Contemporary Meanings. New York; Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press.
Žižek, Slavoj. 1987. Why Lacan Is Not a Post-structuralist? Newsletter of the Freudian Field 1(2): 31–39.
———. 1989. The Sublime Object of Ideology. London: Verso.
———. 1990. Beyond Discourse Analysis. In New Reflections on the Revolution of Our Time, ed. E. Laclau. Trans. J. Barnes. London: Verso.
———. 1993. Tarrying with the Negative: Kant, Hegel, and the Critique of Ideology. Durham: Duke University Press.
———. 1994. The Spectre of Ideology. In Mapping Ideology, ed. Slavoj Žižek. London: Verso.
———. 1997. The Plague of Fantasies. London: Verso.
———. 1999. The Ticklish Subject: The Absent Centre of Political Ontology. London and New York: Verso.
———. 2000a. Class Struggle or Postmodernism? In Contingency, Hegemony, Universality: Contemporary Dialogues on the Left, eds. J. Butler, E. Laclau, and S. Žižek. Verso: London and New York.
———. 2000c. Holding the Place. In Contingency, Hegemony, Universality: Contemporary Dialogues on the Left, eds. J. Butler, E. Laclau, and S. Žižek. Verso: London and New York.
———. 2002. For They Know Not What They Do: Enjoyment as a Political Factor, 2nd edn. London and New York: Verso.
———. 2003a. The Puppet and the Dwarf: The Perverse Core of Christianity. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
———. 2006. The Parallax View. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
———. 2007. The Indivisible Remainder: On Schelling and Related Matters. London; New York: Verso.
———. 2009c. In Defence of Lost Causes. London; New York: Verso.
———. 2011. Is It Still Possible to Be a Hegelian Today? In The Speculative Turn: Continental Materialism and Realism, eds. Levi Bryant, Nick Srnicek, and Graham Harman. Melbourne: Re-Press.
———. 2012. Less Than Nothing: Hegel and the Shadow of Dialectical Materialism. London; New York: Verso.
Zupančič, Alenka. 2000. Ethics of the Real: Kant and Lacan. London; New York: Verso.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2017 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Paipais, V. (2017). From Stasis to Tragedy: Ontology and Phenomenology of Political Difference. In: Political Ontology and International Political Thought. International Political Theory. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-57069-7_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-57069-7_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-137-57068-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-57069-7
eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)