Abstract
Polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene and their copolymers have excellent bulk physical/chemical properties, are inexpensive and easy to process. Yet they have not gained considerable importance as speciality materials due to their inert surface. Polyethylene in particular holds a unique status due to its excellent manufacturer- and user-friendly properties. Thus, special surface properties, which polyethylene does not possess, such as printability, hydrophilicity, roughness, lubricity, selective permeability and adhesion of micro-organisms, underscore the need for tailoring the surface of this valuable commodity polymer. The present article reviews some of the existing and emerging techniques of surface modification and characterisation of polyethylene.
Surface modification of polymers, polyethylene in particular, has been extensively studied for decades using conventional tools. Although some of these techniques are still in use, they suffer from distinct shortcomings. During the last two decades, different means of surface modification have been thoroughly explored. The increasing expectancy for smart materials in daily life has, of late, sharply influenced research in the area of surface modification. Technologies that involve surface engineering to convert inexpensive materials into valuable finished goods have become even more important in the present scenario. In this review article we have attempted to broadly address almost all conventional and modern techniques for the surface modification of different physical forms and chemical compositions of polyethylene. This article will hopefully stimulate further research in this area and result in the development of polyolefins with multi-functional and responsive surfaces, which would ultimately lead to the commodities of polyolefins with smart surfaces.
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Abbreviations
- Å :
-
Angstrom
- AA :
-
Acrylic acid
- AFM :
-
Atomic force microscopy
- AIBN :
-
α,α’-Azo bis(isobutyro nitrile)
- AC :
-
α chymotrypsin
- ATR :
-
Attenuated total reflectance
- R :
-
Alkyl
- BPO :
-
Benzoyl peroxide
- BP :
-
Benzophenone
- θ :
-
Contact angle
- Co :
-
Cobalt
- XLPE :
-
Cross linked polyethylene
- DEM :
-
Diethyl maleate
- EDX :
-
Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
- EPDM :
-
Ethylene propylene diene elastomer
- EPR :
-
Ethylene propylene rubber
- EVA :
-
Ethyl vinyl alcohol
- FTIR :
-
Fourier transform infrared
- GHz :
-
Giga hertz
- GMA :
-
Glycidyl methacrylate
- HDPE :
-
High density polypropylene
- HEMA :
-
2-Hydroxy ethyl methacrylate
- HSPE :
-
High strength polyethylene
- keV :
-
Kilo electron volt
- LPE :
-
Linear polyethylene
- LLDPE :
-
Linear low density polyethylene
- LDPE :
-
Low density polyethylene
- MeV :
-
Mega electron volt
- MHz :
-
Mega hertz
- Mg :
-
Magnesium
- MA :
-
Maleic anhydride
- MFA :
-
Multi functional acrylate
- NR :
-
Natural rubber
- NVP :
-
N-Vinyl pyrrolidone
- PE :
-
Polyethylene
- PP :
-
Polypropylene
- PMMA :
-
Polymethyl methacrylate
- RBS :
-
Rutherford back scattering
- SEM :
-
Scanning electron microscope
- SSIMS :
-
Static secondary ion mass spectroscopy
- STM :
-
Scanning tunnelling microscope
- SFM :
-
Scanning force microscopy
- T :
-
Temperature
- ToF :
-
Time-of-flight
- TEM :
-
Tunnelling electron microscopy
- L2ITMS :
-
Two-laser ion trap mass spectrometry
- UV :
-
Ultra violet
- UHMWPE :
-
Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene
- ULDPE :
-
Ultra low density polyethylene
- Vis :
-
Visible
- W :
-
Watt
- XPS :
-
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
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Acknowledgement
The authors thank Dr. S. Sivaram, Director, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, for his fruitful discussions and critical suggestions. Dr. S.M. Desai would like to thank C.S.I.R., India for the Senior Research Fellowship.
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Desai, S.M., Singh, R.P. Surface Modification of Polyethylene. In: Albertsson, AC. (eds) Long Term Properties of Polyolefins. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 169. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/b13524
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/b13524
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