Abstract
In the optical region of the electromagnetic spectrum, the conditions most frequently associated with the formation of prominences are: (1) the existence of opposite polarity photospheric magnetic fields on opposing sides of a prominence, (2) a coronal arcade that connects the magnetic fields on opposing sides of a prominence, (3) a transverse magnetic field configuration in the chromospheric and photospheric polarity inversion zones that is approximately perpendicular to the direction of maximum magnetic field gradient between adjacent patches of opposite polarity line-of-sight magnetic flux, (4) in active regions or decaying active regions, the alignment of chromospheric fibrils in a polarity inversion zone approximately parallel to the transverse magnetic field component and parallel to the long axis of the future prominence, (5) the long-term (hours to days) converging flow of small patches of opposite polarity magnetic flux towards a common polarity inversion zone, and (6) the cancellation of encountering patches of magnetic flux of opposite polarity at a photospheric polarity inversion boundary (interpreted as the transport of magnetic flux upwards or downwards through the photosphere). Because these are observed conditions found from magnetograms and filtergrams at various wavelengths, they do not necessarily represent independent physical conditions. Although none of these conditions have proven to be individually sufficient for prominence formation, a combination of 3 of these conditions might prove to be both necessary and sufficient. The following hypothesis is offered for study and evaluation: condition (2) and the combination of conditions (5) and (6), if dynamically maintained for a sufficient length of time, will invariably result in the formation of a prominence.
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Martin, S.F. (1990). Conditions for the formation of prominences as inferred from optical observations. In: Ruždjak, V., Tandberg-Hanssen, E. (eds) Dynamics of Quiescent Prominences. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol 363. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0025641
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0025641
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