Abstract
This article focuses on the recent world-wide advances of the biotechnology of the increasingly important fed-batch (or semi-batch) cultivation technique used in microbial processes. The history and characteristics of the fed-batch technique in microbial reactions are reviewed and examples of those fed-batch operations are cited which have greatly increased the productivity of microbial conversions in comparison to conventional batch operation; the various fed-batch techniques will be classified according to the mode of nutrient-feeding. Theoretical mathematical models are compared with experimental results. Fed-batch cultures with automatic feedback control are discussed in detail. Cultivation of high microbial cell concentrations, repeated fed-batch operations, and the start-up of microbial processes are described and, finally, some future prospects of fed-batch techniques in microbial processes are discussed.
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Abbreviations
- a1, a2, a3 :
-
constants
- b1, b2, b3 :
-
constants
- c:
-
increment in culture volume per unit volumetric feed of substrate
- C:
-
dimensionless c
- D:
-
dilution rate, h−1
- DO, [DO]:
-
dissolved oxygen concentration, mol l−1 or ppm
- f:
-
feed rate, l h−1 or g h−1
- F:
-
dimensionless f
- i:
-
concentration of inhibitory metabolite
- J:
-
objective function
- ky, k iy , k oy :
-
cell yields based on growth-limiting substrate, i-species, and oxygen, respectively
- ks, k os :
-
saturation constants of growth and of oxygen consumption, respectively, g l−1
- kL a:
-
volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient, h−1
- Ks :
-
dimensionless ks
- Kp :
-
proportional band
- m, mi :
-
maintenance coefficients, g g−1 h−1
- M:
-
dimensionless m
- OAR:
-
oxygen absorption rate, mol l−1 h−1
- p:
-
metabolite concentration, mol l−1
- \(q_{o_2 }\) :
-
specific oxygen consumption rate, h−1
- qp :
-
specific production rate of metabolite, h−1
- r:
-
volumetric rate of formation and consumption, mol l−1
- rc, r ′c , r ″c , r ⃛'c :
-
cell mass productivity, g l−1 h−1
- RQ:
-
respiratory quotient
- s, si :
-
substrate concentration, g l−1
- S:
-
dimensionless s
- t:
-
time, h
- T:
-
time constant
- x:
-
cell concentration, g l−1
- X:
-
dimensionless x
- v:
-
volume of culture broth, l
- V:
-
dimensionless v
- z:
-
actuating signal
- ε:
-
relative deviation
- θ:
-
dimensionless time
- θ:
-
time, h
- \(\bar \Lambda\) :
-
mean age of culture
- Μ:
-
specific growth rate, h−1
- ϱ:
-
density, g cm−3
- CO2 :
-
carbon dioxide
- d:
-
differential
- EtOH:
-
ethanol
- est:
-
estimated
- f:
-
final
- i:
-
integral
- in:
-
in the feed
- max:
-
maximum
- 0:
-
initial
- O2 :
-
oxygen
- s:
-
mass or standard
- T:
-
transition point
- v:
-
volumetric
- vap:
-
vaporization
- w:
-
water
- i:
-
i-species
- max:
-
maximum
- o:
-
oxygen dimensionless
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Yamanè, T., Shimizu, S. (1984). Fed-batch techniques in microbial processes. In: Bioprocess Parameter Control. Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology, vol 30. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0006382
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0006382
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