Abstract
The atrocities in Rwanda and Bosnia convinced the international community that a workable framework for the protection of civilians was necessary. In this framework, the World Summit Outcome Document from 2005 embraced the Responsibility to Protect (RtoP) doctrine. Since its implementation, the RtoP has sparked passionate debate among researchers, authorities, international leaders, and even academics. Despite this ongoing argument, the RtoP has been approved in a few armed conflicts and mass murders in Africa, each of which has sparked new controversy. The purpose of this study is to revisit and consider the new and contentious issues that have plagued the RtoP conversation since its initial litmus test in Libya in an effort to identify the issues that have impeded with its institutionalization, consolidation, and mobilization.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adetula, V., Bereketeab, R., & Obi, C. (2021). Regional Economic Communities and Peacebuilding in Africa: Lessons from ECOWAS and IGAD (p. 256). Taylor & Francis.
Annan, N. (2014). Violent Conflicts and Civil Strife in West Africa: Causes, Challenges and Prospects. Stability: International Journal of Security and Development, 3(1), 1–16.
Boulden, J. (Ed.). (2013). Responding to Conflict in Africa: The United Nations and Regional Organizations. Springer.
Branch, A. (2011). The Responsibility to Protect in Africa. In P. John (Ed.), Critical Perspective of the Responsibility to Protect: Interrogating Theory and Practice (pp. 103–125). Routledge.
Cilliers, J., & Schunemann, J. (2013). The Future of Intrastate Conflict in Africa-More Violence or Greater Peace? Institute for Security Studies Papers, 2013(246), 24.
De Coning, C., Gelot, L., & Karlsrud, J. (Eds.). (2016). The Future of African Peace Operations: From the Janjaweed to Boko Haram. Bloomsbury Publishing.
Erameh, N. I. (2017). Humanitarian Intervention, Syria and the Politics of Human Rights. International Journal of Human Rights, 21(5), 517–530.
Erameh, N. I. (2018). Cosmopolitanism, Responsibility to Protect and the Libya Intervention: A Reassessment. Indian Quarterly, Journal, 74(4), 1–18.
Erameh, N. I. (2019). The Practice, Pitfalls, and Prospects of the Responsibility to Protect in Africa. Genocide Studies and Prevention, 13(2), 58–73.
Erameh, N. I. (2021). African Regional Organizations, Conflict Resolution and Peacekeeping. In I. Alumona (Eds.), Regionalism, Security and Development in Africa. Routledge Publishers.
ICISS. (2001). The Responsibility to Protect: Report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty. International Development Research Centre for ICISS. https://www.iciss.gc.ca
Kaldor, M. (2012). New and Old Wars: Organised Violence in a Global Era (3rd ed.). Polity Books.
Kaldor, M. (2013). In Defence of New Wars. Stability: International Journal of Security and Development, 2(1), 1–16.
Kuwali, D. (2022). Respecting the Law of Armed Conflict in Africa. The Palgrave Handbook of Sustainable Peace and Security in Africa (pp. 461–487). Springer International Publishing.
Mamdani, M. (2010). Responsibility to Protect or Right to Punish? Journal of Intervention and State Building, 4(1), 53–67.
Morris, J. (2015). The Responsibility to Protect and the Use of Force: Remaking the Procrustean Bed? Cooperation and Conflict, 51(2), 200–215.
Ojakorotu, V., & Erameh, N. I. (2022). Tigray Conflict and the Crisis of Nation Building in Ethiopia: The Role of African Union. Journal of Nation Building and Policy Studies (JoNPS), 2022(Special Issue), 57–80.
Orford, A. (2013). Moral Internationalism and the Responsibility to Protect. The European Journal of International Law, 24(1), 83–108.
Paris, R. (2014). The ‘Responsibility to Protect’ and the Structural Problems of Preventive Humanitarian Intervention. International Peacekeeping, 21(5), 569–603.
Wai, Z. (2014). The Empire’s New Clothes: African, Liberal Interventionism and the Contemporary World Order. Review of African Political Economy, 41(142), 483–499.
Williams, P. D., & Boutellis, A. (2014). Partnership Peacekeeping: Challenges and Opportunities in the United Nations-African Union Relationship. African Affairs, 113(451), 254–278.
Williams, P. D., D’Alessandro, M., Darkwa, L., Helal, A., Machakaire, J., & Rupesinghe, N. (2018). Assessing the Effectiveness of the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM). EPON Report.
Wyss, M., & Tardy, T. (Eds.). (2014). Peacekeeping in Africa: The Evolving Security Architecture. Routledge.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Erameh, N.I., Ojakorotu, V. (2024). Africa’s Engagement with the Responsibility to Protect in the Twenty-First Century. In: Erameh, N.I., Ojakorotu, V. (eds) Africa's Engagement with the Responsibility to Protect in the 21st Century. Africa's Global Engagement: Perspectives from Emerging Countries. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8163-2_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8163-2_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-99-8162-5
Online ISBN: 978-981-99-8163-2
eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)