Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Comprehensive Review on the Developments in Battery/Supercapacitor-Based Hybrid Energy Storage System for Electric Vehicles

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Intelligent Solutions for Smart Grids and Smart Cities (IPECS 2022)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering ((LNEE,volume 1022))

  • 333 Accesses

Abstract

Currently, Electric Vehicles are purely based on battery storage. The battery is an expensive component of the vehicle and is subject to the transient and pulse current requirements of the vehicle. Researchers have shifted their focus to hybridizing high energy density batteries with high power density energy sources such as supercapacitors. Such systems are called hybrid energy storages and such vehicles are called xEVs. This paper reviews the recent developments in the field of hybrid energy storage technology with a focus on Battery/Supercapacitor systems. The state-of-the-art simulation methods, hybrid energy topologies and the energy management algorithms are discussed in this literature. This paper will provide key insights about Battery/Supercapacitor-based hybrid energy storage and would help researchers to quickly identify the relevant simulation strategy, energy storage topology and energy management algorithms according to their requirement.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. IEA: Global energy-related CO2 emissions by sector–Charts–Data & Statistics. https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-browser?country=WORLD&fuel=CO2%20emissions&indicator=CO2BySector. Accessed 28 May 2022

  2. Mohagheghi Fard S, Khajepour A (2016) An optimal power management system for a regenerative auxiliary power system for delivery refrigerator trucks. Appl Energy 169:748–756https://doi.org/10.1016/J.APENERGY.2016.02.078

  3. Fuel Economy: All-Electric Vehicles. https://web.archive.org/web/20220515213542/fueleconomy.gov/feg/evtech.shtml. Accessed 28 May 2022

  4. Rüther R, Pereira LC, Bittencourt AH, Drude L, dos Santos IP (2015) Strategies for plug-in electric vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and photovoltaics (PV) for peak demand reduction in urban regions in a smart grid environment. Power Syst 91:179–219. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-299-9_7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Hu J, Morais H, Sousa T, Lind M (2016) Electric vehicle fleet management in smart grids: a review of services, optimization and control aspects. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 56:1207–1226. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RSER.2015.12.014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Gonzalez-Romera E, Barrero-Gonzalez F, Romero-Cadaval E, Milanes-Montero MI (2015) Overview of plug-in electric vehicles as providers of ancillary services. In: Proceedings-2015 9th international conference on compatibility and power electronics, CPE 2015, pp 516–521. https://doi.org/10.1109/CPE.2015.7231129

  7. Sreeram K, Preetha PK, Poornachandran P (2019) Electric vehicle scenario in India: roadmap, challenges and opportunities. In: Proceedings of 2019 3rd IEEE international conference on electrical, computer and communication technologies, ICECCT 2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECCT.2019.8869479

  8. Tomaszewska A, Chu Z, Feng X, O’Kane S, Liu X, Chen J, Ji C, Endler E, Li R, Liu L, Li Y, Zheng S, Vetterlein S, Gao M, Du J, Parkes M, Ouyang M, Marinescu M, Offer G, Wu B (2019) Lithium-ion battery fast charging: a review. eTransportation 1, 100011. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ETRAN.2019.100011

  9. Peter Harrop: Large Market for Downhill Electric Vehicles | IDTechEx Research Article. https://www.idtechex.com/en/research-article/large-market-for-downhillelectricvehicles/23535. Accessed 28 May 2022

  10. Kouchachvili L, Yaïci W, Entchev E (2018) Hybrid battery/supercapacitor energy storage system for the electric vehicles. J Power Sources 374:237–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JPOWSOUR.2017.11.040

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Karden E, Ploumen S, Fricke B, Miller T, Snyder K (2007) Energy storage devices for future hybrid electric vehicles. J Power Sources 168:2–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JPOWSOUR.2006.10.090

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Wipke KB, Cuddy MR, Burch SD (1999) ADVISOR 2.1: a user-friendly advanced powertrain simulation using a combined backward/forward approach. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 48:1751–1761. https://doi.org/10.1109/25.806767

  13. Gao DW, Mi C, Emadi A (2007) Modeling and simulation of electric and hybrid vehicles. Proc IEEE 95:729–745. https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2006.890127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Mohan G, Assadian F, Longo S (2013) Comparative analysis of forward-facing models vs backward-facing models in powertrain component sizing. IET Conference Publications. https://doi.org/10.1049/CP.2013.1920

  15. Horrein L, Bouscayrol A, Delarue P, Verhille JN, Mayet C (2012) Forward and backward simulations of a power propulsion system. IFAC Proc Vol 45:441–446. https://doi.org/10.3182/20120902-4-FR-2032.00078

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Pettersson P, Jacobson B, Bruzelius F, Johannesson P, Fast L (2020) Intrinsic differences between backward and forward vehicle simulation models. IFAC-PapersOnLine 53:14292–14299. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IFACOL.2020.12.1368

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Xu JW, Zheng L (2010) Simulation and analysis of Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle (SHEV) based on ADVISOR. In: 2010 international conference on measuring technology and mechatronics automation, ICMTMA 2010, vol 3, pp 354–357. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMTMA.2010.678

  18. Mineeshma GR, Chacko RV, Amal S, Sreedevi ML, Vishnu V (2017) Component sizing of electric vehicle/hybrid electric vehicle subsystems using backward modelling approach. In: IEEE international conference on power electronics, drives and energy systems, PEDES 2016. 2016-January, pp 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/PEDES.2016.7914227

  19. Davis K, Hayes JG (2017) Analysis of electric vehicle powertrain simulators for fuel consumption calculations. In: 2016 international conference on electrical systems for aircraft, railway, ship propulsion and road vehicles and international transportation electrification conference, ESARS-ITEC 2016. https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS-ITEC.2016.7841414

  20. Lee H, Choi H (2017) Comparison of fuel efficiency and economical speed for internal combustion engine vehicle and battery electric vehicle using backward-looking simulation. J Mech Sci Technol 31(9):4499–4509 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/S12206-017-0850-5

  21. Hofman T, Dai CH (2010) Energy efficiency analysis and comparison of transmission technologies for an electric vehicle. In: 2010 IEEE vehicle power and propulsion conference, VPPC 2010. https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2010.5729082

  22. Bowles P, Peng H, Zhang X (2000) Energy management in a parallel hybrid electric vehicle with a continuously variable transmission. In: Proceedings of the American control conference, vol 1, pp 55–59https://doi.org/10.1109/ACC.2000.878771

  23. Luo Y, Chen T, Li K (2015) Multi-objective decoupling algorithm for active distance control of intelligent hybrid electric vehicle. Mech Syst Signal Process 64–65:29–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.YMSSP.2015.02.025

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Wang J, Wang Q, Liu J, Zeng X (2009) Forward simulation model precision study for hybrid electric vehicle. 2009 IEEE international conference on mechatronics and automation, ICMA 2009, pp 2457–2461. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMA.2009.5246444

  25. Sruthy V, Akshaya, Anjana S, Ponnaganti SS, Pillai VG, Preetha PK (2021) Solar-powered trash collecting boat with solar power prediction using machine learning and human-computer interface. In: Proceedings of the 6th international conference on communication and electronics systems, ICCES 2021, pp 262–269. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCES51350.2021.9489029

  26. Shen J, Khaligh A (2015) A supervisory energy management control strategy in a battery/ultracapacitor hybrid energy storage system. IEEE Trans Trans Electrif 1:223–231. https://doi.org/10.1109/TTE.2015.2464690

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Ahmed Sher H, Addoweesh KE (2012) Power storage options for hybrid electric vehicles—a survey. J Renew Sustain Energy 4:052701. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4759457

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Mamun AA, Liu Z, Rizzo DM, Onori S (2019) An integrated design and control optimization framework for hybrid military vehicle using lithium-ion battery and supercapacitor as energy storage devices. IEEE Trans Transp Electrif 5:239–251. https://doi.org/10.1109/TTE.2018.2869038

  29. Nguyen BH, Trovao JPF, German R, Bouscayrol A (2019) Impact of supercapacitors on fuel consumption and battery current of a parallel hybrid truck. 2019 IEEE vehicle power and propulsion conference, VPPC 2019-Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC46532.2019.8952182

  30. Mazumdar J (2013) All electric operation of ultraclassmining haul trucks. In: Conference record-IAS annual meeting (IEEE Industry Applications Society). https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2013.6682568

  31. Adib A, Dhaouadi R (2017) Modeling and analysis of a regenerative braking system with a battery-supercapacitor energy storage. In: 2017 7th international conference on modeling, simulation, and applied optimization, ICMSAO 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMSAO.2017.7934897

  32. Dinglasan Fenol S, Caluyo FS, Lorenzo JL (2017) Simulation and modeling of charging and discharging of supercapacitors. In: 2017 international conference on circuits, system and simulation, ICCSS 2017, pp 14–17. https://doi.org/10.1109/CIRSYSSIM.2017.8023172

  33. Ehsani M, Singh KV, Bansal HO, Mehrjardi RT (2021) State of the art and trends in electric and hybrid electric vehicles. Proc IEEE 109:967–984. https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2021.3072788

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Khaligh A, Li Z (2010) Battery, ultracapacitor, fuel cell, and hybrid energy storage systems for electric, hybrid electric, fuel cell, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles: State of the art. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 59:2806–2814. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2010.2047877

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Kuperman A, Aharon I (2011) Battery–ultracapacitor hybrids for pulsed current loads: a review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 15:981–992. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RSER.2010.11.010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Kim SK, Choi SH (2005) Development of fuel cell hybrid vehicle by using ultra-capacitors as a secondary power source. SAE technical papers.https://doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-0015

  37. Nair TM, Sreelekshmi RS, Nair MG (2021) Energy management for hybrid energy storage in electric vehicles using neural network. In: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on electronics and sustainable communication systems, ICESC 2021, pp 407–411. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICESC51422.2021.9532878

  38. Miniguano L, Miniguano H, Illescas S, Cuasapaz A, Rosero R (2021) Management and control strategy of battery-supercapacitor vehicular powertrain system. Adv Intell Syst Comput 1277:257–266. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60467-7_22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Gao L, Dougal RA, Liu S (2005) Power enhancement of an actively controlled battery/ultracapacitor hybrid. IEEE Trans Power Electron 20:236–243. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2004.839784

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Kerns B, Lindsay T, Williams T, Eberle W (2017) A control algorithm to reduce electric vehicle battery pack RMS currents enabling a minimally sized supercapacitor pack. In: 2017 IEEE transportation and electrification conference and expo, ITEC 2017, pp 376–380. https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC.2017.7993300

  41. Masih-Tehrani M, Ha’Iri Yazdi MR, Esfahanian V, Dahmardeh M, Nehzati H (2019) Wavelet-based power management for hybrid energy storage system. J Modern Power Syst Clean Energy 7:779–790.https://doi.org/10.1007/S40565-019-0529-2/TABLES/8

  42. Zhang Q, Deng W, Zhang S, Wu J (2016) A rule based energy management system of experimental battery/supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system for electric vehicles. J Control Sci Eng. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/6828269

  43. Zhang Q, Li G (2019) A predictive energy management system for hybrid energy storage systems in electric vehicles. Electr Eng 101(3):759–770. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00202-019-00822-9

  44. Gauthami R, Nair VV, Sathish A, Vishnu Soureesh K, Ilango K, Sreelekshmi RS, Ilangovan SA, Sujatha S (2020) Design and implementation of efficient energy management system in electric vehicles. Lecture notes in electrical engineering, vol 626, pp 543–559. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2256-7_49

  45. Dobbs BG, Chapman PL (2003) A multiple-input DC-DC converter topology. IEEE Power Electron Lett 1:6–9. https://doi.org/10.1109/LPEL.2003.813481

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Kurm S, Agarwal V (2019) Novel dual active bridge based multi port converter for interfacing hybrid energy storage systems in electric vehicles. In: 2019 IEEE transportation electrification conference, ITEC-India 2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC-INDIA48457.2019.ITECINDIA2019-223

  47. Suresh K, Sampath H, Chellammal N, Jondhale SR, Bharatiraja C (2021) Modular multi-input bidirectional DC to DC converter for multi-source hybrid electric vehicle applications. J Appl Sci Eng 25:389–399. https://doi.org/10.6180/JASE.202206_25(3).0004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Patil S, Bindu R, Thale S (2018) Electric vehicle power conditioner with battery-ultracapacitor hybrid energy storage system. In: INDICON 2018-15th IEEE India council international conference. https://doi.org/10.1109/INDICON45594.2018.8987191

  49. Sreelekshmi RS, Anusree R, Raveendran V, Nair MG (2018) Solar fed hybrid energy storage system in an electric vehicle. In: 2018 9th international conference on computing, communication and networking technologies, ICCCNT 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCCNT.2018.8493846

  50. Vidhya SD, Balaji M (2019) Modelling, design and control of a light electric vehicle with hybrid energy storage system for Indian driving cycle 52:1420–1433. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020294019858212

  51. Obulapathi B, Lokhande MM, Patnaik C, Shah VA (2020) Energy management of dual energy storage system with average current mode control for EV applications. In: Proceedings of 2020 IEEE 1st international conference on smart technologies for power, energy and control, STPEC 2020. https://doi.org/10.1109/STPEC49749.2020.9297722

  52. Cao J, Emadi A (2012) A new battery/ultracapacitor hybrid energy storage system for electric, hybrid, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. IEEE Trans Power Electron 27:122–132. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2011.2151206

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Carter R, Cruden A, Hall PJ (2012) Optimizing for efficiency or battery life in a battery/supercapacitor electric vehicle. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 61:1526–1533. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2012.2188551

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Paul T, Mesbahi T, Durand S, Flieller D, Uhring W (2020) Sizing of lithium-ion battery/supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system for forklift vehicle. Energies 13:4518. https://doi.org/10.3390/EN13174518

  55. Blanes JM, Gutiérrez R, Garrigós A, Lizán JL, Cuadrado JM (2013) Electric vehicle battery life extension using ultracapacitors and an FPGA controlled interleaved buck-boost converter. IEEE Trans Power Electron 28:5940–5948. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2013.2255316

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Awerbuch JJ, Sullivan CR (2010) Filter-based power splitting in ultracapacitor-battery hybrids for vehicular applications. In: 2010 IEEE 12th workshop on control and modeling for power electronics, COMPEL 2010. https://doi.org/10.1109/COMPEL.2010.5562429

  57. Huang J, Huang Z, Wu Y, Liao H, Liu Y, Li H, Wen M, Peng J (2020) Optimal filter-based energy management for hybrid energy storage systems with energy consumption minimization. In: Conference proceedings-IEEE international conference on systems, man and cybernetics. 2020-October, pp 1822–1827. https://doi.org/10.1109/SMC42975.2020.9283163

  58. Dusmez S, Khaligh A (2013) Wavelet-transform based energy and power decoupling strategy for a novel ultracapacitor-battery hybrid power-split gear powertrain. In: 2013 IEEE transportation electrification conference and expo: components, systems, and power electronics-from technology to business and public policy, ITEC 2013. https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC.2013.6573475

  59. Zhang L, Hu X, Wang Z, Sun F, Deng J, Dorrell DG (2018) Multiobjective optimal sizing of hybrid energy storage system for electric vehicles. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 67:1027–1035. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2017.2762368

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Zeng C, Lian H, Chen T, Cai Z, Fang D (2017) A wavelet transform based power allocation strategy for lithium battery and ultra capacitor hybrid vehicular power system. In: Proceedings-2016 31st youth academic annual conference of Chinese association of automation, YAC 2016. 399–402. https://doi.org/10.1109/YAC.2016.7804926

  61. Cheng L, Zhang F, Zou H, Wang Y (2018) High power density optimal configuration for hybrid energy storage system based on wavelet transform. In: ICEMS 2018-2018 21st international conference on electrical machines and systems, pp 836–840. https://doi.org/10.23919/ICEMS.2018.8549116

  62. Wang G, Yang P, Zhang J (2010) Fuzzy optimal control and simulation of battery-ultracapacitor dual-energy source storage system for pure electric vehicle. In: Proceedings of 2010 international conference on intelligent control and information processing, ICICIP 2010, pp 555–560. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICICIP.2010.5564185

  63. Michalczuk M, Ufnalski B, Grzesiak L (2013) Fuzzy logic control of a hybrid battery-ultracapacitor energy storage for an urban electric vehicle. In: 2013 8th international conference and exhibition on ecological vehicles and renewable energies, EVER 2013. https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2013.6521580

  64. Yin H, Zhou W, Li M, Ma C, Zhao C (2016) An adaptive fuzzy logic-based energy management strategy on battery/ultracapacitor hybrid electric vehicles. IEEE Trans Transp Electrif 2:300–311. https://doi.org/10.1109/TTE.2016.2552721

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Akar F, Tavlasoglu Y, Vural B (2017) An energy management strategy for a concept battery/ultracapacitor electric vehicle with improved battery life. IEEE Trans Transp Electrif 3:191–200. https://doi.org/10.1109/TTE.2016.2638640

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Gharibeh HF, Mokhtari Khiavi L, Farrokhifar M, Alahyari A, Pozo D (2019) Power management of electric vehicle equipped with battery and supercapacitor considering irregular terrain. In: Proceedings of the 1st IEEE 2019 international youth conference on radio electronics, electrical and power engineering, REEPE 2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/REEPE.2019.8708770

  67. Laldin O, Moshirvaziri M, Trescases O (2013) Predictive algorithm for optimizing power flow in hybrid ultracapacitor/battery storage systems for light electric vehicles. IEEE Trans Power Electron 28:3882–3895. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2012.2226474

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Yin H, Zhao C, Li M, Ma C (2015) Utility function-based real-time control of a battery-ultracapacitor hybrid energy system. IEEE Trans Ind Inf 11:220–231. https://doi.org/10.1109/TII.2014.2378596

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Shen J, Hasanzadeh A, Khaligh A (2014) Optimal power split and sizing of hybrid energy storage system for electric vehicles. In: 2014 IEEE transportation electrification conference and expo: components, systems, and power electronics-from technology to business and public policy, ITEC 2014. https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC.2014.6861861

  70. Yavasoglu HA, Shen J, Shi C, Khaligh A (2015) A supervisory controller for a hybrid energy storage system with two propulsion machines in electric vehicles. In: 2015 international Aegean conference on electrical machines & power electronics (ACEMP), 2015 international conference on optimization of electrical & electronic equipment (OPTIM) & 2015 international symposium on advanced electromechanical motion systems (ELECTROMOTION), pp 630–634. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/OPTIM.2015.7426995

  71. Shen J, Khaligh A (2016) Design and real-time controller implementation for a battery-ultracapacitor hybrid energy storage system. IEEE Trans Ind Inf 12:1910–1918. https://doi.org/10.1109/TII.2016.2575798

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Shen J, Khaligh A (2016) Predictive control of a battery/ultracapacitor hybrid energy storage system in electric vehicles. In: 2016 IEEE transportation electrification conference and expo, ITEC 2016. https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520297

  73. Li M, Wang L, Wang Y, Chen Z (2021) Sizing optimization and energy management strategy for hybrid energy storage system using multiobjective optimization and random forests. IEEE Trans Power Electron 36:11421–11430. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2021.3070393

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. Lu Y, Liu W, Wu Y, Huang J, Liao H, Liu Y, Peng J, Huang Z (2020) A hierarchical energy management strategy for battery/ultracapacitor hybrid energy storage systems via supervised learning. In: ECCE 2020-IEEE energy conversion congress and exposition, pp 3698–3703. https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE44975.2020.9236102

  75. Dusmez S, Khaligh A (2014) A supervisory power-splitting approach for a new ultracapacitor-battery vehicle deploying two propulsion machines. IEEE Trans Ind Inf 10:1960–1971. https://doi.org/10.1109/TII.2014.2299237

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. Itani K, de Bernardinis A, Khatir Z, Jammal A, Oueidat M (2016) Regenerative braking modeling, control, and simulation of a hybrid energy storage system for an electric vehicle in extreme conditions. IEEE Trans Transp Electrif 2:465–479. https://doi.org/10.1109/TTE.2016.2608763

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Song Z, Hou J, Hofmann H, Li J, Ouyang M (2017) Sliding-mode and Lyapunov function-based control for battery/supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system used in electric vehicles. Energy 122:601–612. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENERGY.2017.01.098

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. Zhang L, Ye X, Xia X, Barzegar F (2020) A real-time energy management and speed controller for an electric vehicle powered by a hybrid energy storage system. IEEE Trans Ind Inf 16:6272–6280. https://doi.org/10.1109/TII.2020.2964389

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. Sruthy V, Raj B, Preetha PK, Ilango K (2019) SPV based floating charging station with hybrid energy storage. In: IEEE international conference on intelligent techniques in control, optimization and signal processing, INCOS 2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/INCOS45849.2019.8951366

  80. Sivanandan S, Pandi VR, Ilango K (2018) Stateflow based implementation of energy management for a DC grid using analog and digital control techniques. In: Proceedings of 2017 IEEE international conference on technological advancements in power and energy: exploring energy solutions for an intelligent power grid, TAP energy 2017, pp 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAPENERGY.2017.8397359

  81. Adnane M, Nguyen BH, Khoumsi A, Trovao JPF (2021) Driving mode predictor-based real-time energy management for dual-source electric vehicle. IEEE Trans Transp Electrif 7:1173–1185. https://doi.org/10.1109/TTE.2021.3059545

    Article  Google Scholar 

  82. Nguyen BH, German R, Trovao JPF, Bouscayrol A (2019) Real-time energy management of battery/supercapacitor electric vehicles based on an adaptation of pontryagin’s minimum principle. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 68:203–212. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2018.2881057

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. Shi R, Semsar S, Lehn PW (2021) Single-stage hybrid energy storage integration in electric vehicles using vector controlled power sharing. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 68:10623–10633. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2020.3038100

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Clappana, India

    N. Gokul Krishna, R. S. Sreelekshmi & Manjula G. Nair

Authors
  1. N. Gokul Krishna
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. R. S. Sreelekshmi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Manjula G. Nair
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to N. Gokul Krishna .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Management and Innovation Systems, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy

    Pierluigi Siano

  2. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON, Canada

    Sheldon Williamson

  3. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, TKM College of Engineering, Kollam, Kerala, India

    Sabeena Beevi

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Krishna, N.G., Sreelekshmi, R.S., Nair, M.G. (2023). Comprehensive Review on the Developments in Battery/Supercapacitor-Based Hybrid Energy Storage System for Electric Vehicles. In: Siano, P., Williamson, S., Beevi, S. (eds) Intelligent Solutions for Smart Grids and Smart Cities. IPECS 2022. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 1022. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0915-5_24

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation