Abstract
This chapter explores the issues of civic engagement, political participation, and the evolving Muslim identity within Western societies, in relation to unofficial Islamic law. By engaging in a discussion on topics such as citizenship, democracy, human rights, and political engagement, the chapter aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the spectrum of opinions among Muslim individuals and scholars regarding civic participation. This spectrum ranges from fervent advocacy for active involvement in political processes to reservations or even discouragement towards such activities. Furthermore, the chapter examines the patterns of political behaviour observed among diverse Muslim communities residing in Western societies.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
- 2.
Fatwa Center of America. http://askamufti.com/question-details.aspx?qstID=7004.
- 3.
Quoted from March’s book “Islam and Liberal Citizenship: The Search for an Overlapping Consensus” 105.
- 4.
The original source of this story is published in 1909 by Rashid Rida in his journal “Al- Manar”. The issue concerning the Bosnian Muslims is published with title: Al-Hijra wa-kuhum muslimi al-Busna fiha or Rashid Rida. 1970. al-Fatwa. Beirut: al-Kitab al-Jadid. 773–774.
References
“What does Islam say about illegal immigration?,” Assembly of Muslims Jurists of America 28 January 2007. http://www.amjaonline.org/fatwa-2581/info. Accessed 27 July 2017.
“Working in the US army,” Assembly of Muslims Jurists of America 2008–04–07. http://www.amjaonline.org/fatwa-21571/info. Accessed 25 July 2017.
Adamson, Fiona B. 2011. “Engaging or Contesting the Liberal State? ‘Muslim’ as a Politicised Identity Category in Europe.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 37.6: 899–915.
al-Qaradawi Yusuf. 2001. Fi fiqh al-aqalliyyat al-muslima. Cairo: Dar al-Shuruq.
al-Shaybani, Abu'Abd Allah. 1966. “The Islamic Law of Nations: Shaybani's Siyar. Translated by Majid Khadduri.”
Bahfen, Nasya Yadi. 2008. “Online Islamic Identity and Community in Australia and Three Neighbouring Countries.” PhD diss.
Bleuer, Christian. 2012. “Muslim Soldiers in Non-Muslim Militaries at War in Muslim Lands: The Soviet, American and Indian experience.” Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 32.4: 492–506.
Cesari, Jocelyne. 2006. “Securitization and Religious Divides in Europe: Muslims in Western Europe after 9/11: Why the Term Islamophobia is More a Predicament than an Explanation.” Paris: Challenge. http://www.libertysecurity.org/article1167.html. Accessed 15 April 2011.
Cesari, Jocelyne. 2010. “Muslims in the West After 9/11: Religion, Law and Politics.”
Crone, Patricia. 2004. God’s Rule: Government and Islam. New York: Columbia University Press.
El Fadl, Khaled Abou. 1994a. “Islamic Law and Muslim Minorities: The Juristic Discourse on Muslim Minorities from the Second/eighth to the Eleventh/seventeenth Centuries.” Islamic Law and Society 1.2: 141–187.
El Fadl, Khaled Abou. 1994b. “Legal Debates on Muslim Minorities: Between Rejection and Accommodation.” The Journal of Religious Ethics 127–162.
El Fadl, Khaled Abou. 2007. The Great Theft: Wrestling Islam from the Extremists. New York: HarperOne.
European Council for Fatwa and Research. 1999. Fatawa al-majmu'a al-ula. Cairo: Islamic Publishing
Hussain, Shahrul. 2016. “Ribā-Based Mortgages in Dār al-Harb: An Issue of Modernist Application of Fiqh al-Aqalliyāt for Muslim Minorities.” Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 36.3: 364–382.
Jamal, Amaney. 2005. “The Political Participation and Engagement of Muslim Americans: Mosque Involvement and Group Consciousness.” American Politics Research 33.4: 521–544.
Khadduri, Majid. 1955. War and Peace in the Law of Islam. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press.
Khan, MA Muqtedar. 2015. “Political Muslims in America: From Islamism to Exceptionalism.” Middle East Policy 22.1: 32–40.
March, Andrew F. 2009a. “Sources of Moral Obligation to non-Muslims in the Jurisprudence of Muslim Minorities(Fiqh al-aqalliyyāt) Discourse.” Islamic Law and Society 16.1: 34–94.
March, Andrew F. 2009b. Islam and Liberal Citizenship: The Search for an Overlapping Consensus. New York: Oxford University Press.
Nadwi, Syed Abul Hasan Ali. 1983. Muslims in the West: The Message and Mission. Leicester, UK: The Islamic Foundation.
Peters R. 1979. “Colonialism: The Doctrine of Jihad in Modern Islam.” The Hague, Netherlands: Mouton.
Qutb, Sayyid. 2001. “In the Shade of the Qur’an, trans. and ed.” Adil Salahi and Ashur Shamis. Leicester: The Islamic Foundation.
Ramadan, Tariq. 1999. To Be a European Muslim. UK: Islamic Foundation.
Ramadan, Tariq. 2015. “The Paris Attackers Hijacked Islam but there is no war between Islam and the West.” The Guardian 127–146.
Rane, Halim, Adis Duderija, Riyad H. Rahimullah, Paul Mitchell, Jessica Mamone, and Shane Satterley. 2020. “Islam in Australia: A National Survey of Muslim Australian Citizens and Permanent Residents.” Religions 11 (8): Article No. 419. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11080419.
Sachedina, Abdulaziz. 1990. “The Development of Jihad in Islamic Revelation and History.” In Cross, Crescent and Sword: The Justification and Limitation of war in Western and Islamic Tradition, edited by James Turner Johnson and John Kelsay. London: Greenwood.
Saritoprak, Zeki. 2013. “The Universal Message of the Prophet Muhammad.” Islam.ru. March 16. http://islam.ru/en/content/story/universal-message-prophet-muhammad. Lat accessed 6 May 2016.
Saritoprak, Zeki. 2015. “Migration, Feelings of Belonging to a Land, and the Universality of Islam.” Islam and Citizenship Education, 45–54. Springer VS, Wiesbaden.
Shadid, Wasif AR, and P. Sj van Koningsveld. 1996. Political Participation and Identities of Muslims in Non-Muslim States. Belgium: Peeters Publishers.
Tibi, Bassam. 2002. “War and Peace in Islam.” In Islamic Political Ethics, edited by Sohail Hashmi. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Yilmaz, I. 2002. The challenge of post-modern legality and Muslim legal pluralism in England. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 343–354.
Yilmaz, I. 2003. Muslim Alternative Dispute Resolution and Neo-Ijtihad in England. Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations, Vol. 2, No. 1, Dec. 2003, pp. 1–24.
Yilmaz, I. 2005. Inter-Madhhab Surfing, Neo-Ijtihad, and Faith-Based Movement Leaders. In Peri Bearman, Rudolph Peters and Frank E. Vogel (eds) The Islamic School of Law: Evolution, Devolution and Progress, Harvard University Press. 191–206.
Yilmaz, I. 2009. “Muslim Democrats in Turkey and Egypt: Participatory Politics as a catalyst.” Insight Turkey, 93–112.
Yilmaz, I. 2016. Muslim Laws, Politics and Society in Modern Nation States: Dynamic Legal Pluralisms in England, Turkey and Pakistan. Reprint. London and New York: Routledge.
Yilmaz, I. 2019. Nation Building, Islamic Law and Unofficial Legal Pluralism: the Cases of Turkey and Pakistan. In Norbert Oberauer, Yvonne Prief, Ulrike Qubaja (eds) Legal Legal Pluralism in Muslim Contexts, pp. 109–138. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill.
Yilmaz, I. 2020. Muslims, Sacred Texts, and Laws in the Modern World. In: Woodward M., Lukens-Bull R. (eds) Handbook of Contemporary Islam and Muslim Lives, 1–18. Cham: Springer.
Yilmaz, I. 2021. Creating the Desired Citizens: State, Islam and Ideology in Turkey. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
Yilmaz, I. 2022. Authoritarianism, Informal Law, and Legal Hybridity: The Islamisation of the State in Turkey. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan.
Yilmaz, I. 2023. Islam in the Anglosphere: Perspectives of Young Muslims in Australia, the UK and the USA. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan.
Yilmaz, I. 2024. Sharia as Informal Law: Lived Experiences of Young Muslims in Western Societies. London and New York: Routledge.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Yilmaz, I., Sokolova-Shipoli, D.P. (2024). Shari’a on Citizenship and Political Participation in a “Non-Muslim” Country. In: Muslim Legal Pluralism in the West. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-4260-8_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-4260-8_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-97-4259-2
Online ISBN: 978-981-97-4260-8
eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)