Abstract
This chapter gives a broad overview of the alternative models of governance to improve key public services in Metro Manila, which have emerged since the enactment of the LGC of 1991. This is in light of the several challenges which have confronted the LGC of 1991 in the implementation of social service delivery. The concerns it examines are the following: (1) the state of key services in Metro Manila; (2) how individual local government units in Metro Manila perform relative to their peers in other regions; and (3) under current conditions, what governance model can best address the gaps in public service delivery in Metro Manila. The chapter explores the concept of multi-level governance (MLG), e.g., federalism as an approach in instituting governance which go beyond boundaries to address the current shortcomings in the delivery of social services, e.g., peace and order, health, education, and disaster risk management.
This paper emanates from a policy report entitled, “Where the gaps are: Assessing alternative models of governance to improve the delivery of key public services in Metro Manila” by Aimee Dresa R. Bautista, Kevin Mark R. Gomez, and Fatima Joy O. Pamittan. This research was made when the corresponding author, Kevin Mark R. Gomez, was still a faculty at the Department of Political Science, College of Social Sciences and Philosophy, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.
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Notes
- 1.
Excluding satellite campus.
- 2.
As the time of writing, researchers were unable to access data on DRRM facilities in these LGUs online.
- 3.
Cluster 1 indicates the bottom or poorest cluster.
- 4.
Note The PNP defines crimes as those that involve crimes against persons (i.e., murder, homicide, physical injury, and rape) and crimes against property (i.e., robbery, theft, carnapping/carjacking, and cattle rustling).
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Appendices
ANNEX I: Demographic Characteristics of Metro Manila LGUs
District | LGU | Land Areaa (ha) | Populationb (in thousands) | Number of barangaysc | Poverty ClusterFootnote 3,d | Poverty Incidence among Families (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capital District (1st District) | Manila | 2,498 | 1,780 | 897 | 5 | 3.5 (~62,300) |
Eastern Manila District (2nd District) | Mandaluyong | 929 | 386 | 27 | 5 | 1.9 (~88,350) |
Marikina | 2,152 | 451 | 16 | 5 | ||
Pasig | 4,846 | 755 | 30 | 5 | ||
Quezon City | 17,171 | 2,936 | 142 | 5 | ||
San Juan | 595 | 122 | 21 | 5 | ||
Northern Manila District (3rd District) | Caloocan | 5,580 | 1,584 | 188 | 5 | 3.3 (~93,027) |
Malabon | 3,264 | 366 | 21 | 5 | ||
Navotas | 894 | 249 | 18 | 5 | ||
Valenzuela | 4,702 | 620 | 33 | 5 | ||
Southern Manila District (4th District) | Las Piñas | 3,269 | 589 | 20 | 5 | 2.8 (~101,612) |
Makati | 1,831 | 583 | 33 | 5 | ||
Muntinlupa | 3,975 | 505 | 9 | 5 | ||
Parañaque | 4,657 | 666 | 16 | 5 | ||
Pasay | 1,397 | 417 | 201 | 5 | ||
Taguig | 4,521 | 805 | 28 | 5 | ||
Pateros | 1,040 | 64 | 10 | 5 | ||
NCR | 63,321 (0.2% of total PH land area) | 12,880 (12.4% of total PH population) | 1,710 | 2.7 (~347,760) | ||
Philippines | 30,000,000 | 104.900 | 16.5% | |||
ANNEX II: Number of Index Crimes and Police Stations in Metro Manila
LGU | Index CrimesFootnote 4 | Police Stations | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2014 | |
Caloocan City | 1,766 | 1,276 | 1,004 | 67 |
Las Piñas City | 284 | 249 | 272 | 22 |
City of Manila | 4,162 | 3,786 | 2,682 | 79 |
Makati City | 881 | 839 | 833 | 33 |
Malabon City | 666 | 418 | 387 | 17 |
Mandaluyong City | 1,200 | 855 | 666 | 28 |
Marikina City | 737 | 565 | 393 | 17 |
Muntinlupa City | 567 | 582 | 526 | 10 |
Navotas City | 461 | 434 | 285 | 12 |
Parañaque City | 613 | 412 | 335 | 24 |
Pasay City | 748 | 658 | 660 | 12 |
Pasig City | 943 | 904 | 825 | 9 |
Quezon City | 6,657 | 5,948 | 4,448 | 169 |
San Juan City | 290 | 202 | 119 | 8 |
Taguig City | 639 | 588 | 514 | 42 |
Valenzuela City | 950 | 743 | 630 | No data |
Pateros | 117 | 66 | 54 | 10 |
NCR (TOTAL) | 21,681 | 18,524 | 14,633 | |
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Gomez, K.M.R., Pamittan, F.J.O. (2023). Where the Gaps Are: Assessing Alternative Models of Governance to Improve the Delivery of Key Public Services in Metro Manila. In: Tadem, T.S.E., Atienza, M.E.L. (eds) A Better Metro Manila?. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7804-3_4
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