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A Review of the Trends in Smart Charging, Vehicle-to-Grid

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Automated and Electric Vehicle: Design, Informatics and Sustainability

Part of the book series: Recent Advancements in Connected Autonomous Vehicle Technologies ((RACAVT,volume 3))

Abstract

Electric vehicles have gained mainstream popularity and are hailed as a key technology that can abate the carbon footprint of transportation systems globally. However, there are fundamental challenges that can hinder widespread adoption, e.g. potential stress caused to the electricity network due to bulk-uncontrolled charging, battery degradation and ambiguous economic case for energy services. While Smart Charging and Vehicle-to-Grid are seen as potential solutions to these key issues, their suitability, especially concerning the latter technology is still today obscure, as a plethora of criteria influence its viability. This chapter identifies the most influencing parameters that determine the feasibility of Smart Charging and Vehicle-to-Grid, finds commonalities, and traces a trend through the past years with regards to the profitability of these two technologies. The research in this chapter shows that profits from Vehicle-to-Grid services can range from 13 to 207 £/vehicle/year, depending on the technical and economic factors, which, as demonstrated in this chapter, can vary considerably from one country to another.

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Abbreviations

DSO:

Distribution System Operator

EV:

Electric Vehicle

ICE:

Internal Combustion engine

MOO:

Multi-objective optimisation

PHEV:

Plug-in-hybrid electric vehicle

PJM:

Pennsylvania-Jersey-Maryland

PV:

Photovoltaic

RES:

Renewable energy source

SOC:

State of charge

UK:

United Kingdom

USA:

United States of America

USD:

US dollar

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. UK Power Networks, 237 Southwark Bridge Road, SE1 6NP, London, United Kingdom

    Ridoy Das

  2. Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China

    Yue Cao

  3. Scottish and Southern Electricity Networks, 1 Forbury Place, Reading RG1 2DQ, Perth, United Kingdom

    Yue Wang

Authors
  1. Ridoy Das
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  2. Yue Cao
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  3. Yue Wang
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ridoy Das .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China

    Yue Cao

  2. Department of Aeronautical and Automotive Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK

    Yuanjian Zhang

  3. Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, UK

    Chenghong Gu

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© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

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Das, R., Cao, Y., Wang, Y. (2023). A Review of the Trends in Smart Charging, Vehicle-to-Grid. In: Cao, Y., Zhang, Y., Gu, C. (eds) Automated and Electric Vehicle: Design, Informatics and Sustainability. Recent Advancements in Connected Autonomous Vehicle Technologies, vol 3. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5751-2_10

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