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The Neoliberal Virus

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The Viral Politics of Covid-19

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Abstract

Zoonoses and endemic diseases proliferate as a consequence of the ruthless globalization of nature. By losing its heterogeneity and situatedness, SARS-CoV-2 has become a ‘neoliberal virus’; it has reinforced neoliberalism’s pretense to embody the logic of socio-natural evolutionary forces. Innocuous in its ecological niche, in the context of the neoliberal world-ecology, the peculiar reproductive happiness of SARS-CoV-2 means mad proliferation and homicidal fury.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    As Pépin explains, in this ‘small rural hospital, syringes and needles were scarce and constantly re-used, fuelling transmission of the blood-borne Ebola virus between patients attending the hospital for other reasons (malaria, gonorrhoea, etc.). The nuns issued only five syringes to the nurses each morning, which were then used and re-used on the 300 patients attending each day. Three-fourths of the first 100 cases of Ebola in Yambuku were infected through injections received at the hospital’ (2011, 8).

  2. 2.

    On the role played by the Mont Pèlerin Society in spreading an all-encompassing neoliberal consensus, see Mirowski and Plehwe (2009).

  3. 3.

    See Cooper (2010). On the neoliberal naturalization of crises, see Gentili (2021a). On the planetary scope of neoliberalism, see Harvey (2005) and Dardot and Laval (2017) .

  4. 4.

    On the world-system as an ecological regime, see Moore (2016a).

  5. 5.

    On the plurality of Anthropocene stories, see Bonneuil (2015).

  6. 6.

    ‘The global transformation that would be needed to limit warming to 1.5 °C requires enabling conditions that reflect the links, synergies and trade-offs between mitigation, adaptation and sustainable development. These enabling conditions are assessed across many dimensions of feasibility—geophysical, environmental-ecological, technological, economic, socio-cultural and institutional—that may be considered through the unifying lens of the Anthropocene’ (IPCC 2018, 32).

  7. 7.

    For a critique of the ‘planetary health’ paradigm, see David et al. (2021).

  8. 8.

    On commodity frontiers, see Moore (2000).

  9. 9.

    On the reassemblage of territories and rights at the commodity frontiers, see Sassen (2008).

  10. 10.

    Biopower, the management of the productivity of human populations circumscribed by their national territories, is now complemented by geopower (see Luisetti 2019; Yusoff et al. 2012).

  11. 11.

    On the spatial distribution of malaria at the neoliberal economic frontiers, see Souza Patrícia et al. (2019). As O’Callaghan-Gordo and Antó highlight, ‘Advancing the agricultural frontier to respond to current food systems increases the frequency of ecotones, key areas in the onset of infectious diseases. And at the same time, the destruction of habitats caused by these activities are the main causes of biodiversity loss, which is also associated with the emergence of infectious diseases’ (2020).

  12. 12.

    As Masco argues, ‘This kind of full-scale collective rehearsal allowed the epidemic to occur in the public imagination and to become affectively real, long before the disease actually became a domestic health issue’ (2014, 182).

  13. 13.

    The role of climate finance is reaffirmed by the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Glasgow (COP26): ‘Developed countries must deliver on their promise to raise at least $100 billion every year in climate finance to support developing countries. The OECD estimates that $78.9bn of climate finance was mobilised in 2018. This must include building new markets for adaptation and mitigation and improving the quantity, quality and access to finance to support communities around the world to take action on the changing climate’ (COP26 2021).

  14. 14.

    The genome of the coronavirus has been privatized and vaccines have not become a public good: they are protected by intellectual property rights, monopolies of patents and technologies, and ‘free market’ advance purchase agreements. As a result, ‘G20 countries represent 62% of the world’s population but have used 82% of the world’s COVID-19 vaccines. Only 3.1% of people in low-income countries have received at least one dose’ (Amnesty International 2021; see also The People’s Vaccine n.d.).

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  1. University of St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland

    Federico Luisetti

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  1. Faculty of Philosophy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain

    Vanessa Lemm

  2. Alfred Deakin Institute for Citizenship and Globalisation, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Miguel Vatter

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Luisetti, F. (2022). The Neoliberal Virus. In: Lemm, V., Vatter, M. (eds) The Viral Politics of Covid-19. Biolegalities. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3942-6_11

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