Abstract
Globalization of crime has been an important topic since the Cold War [21, 4, 13, 17, 20]. In the era of globalization, the unprecedented openness in trade, finance, travel, and communication has created economic growth [24]. At the same time, it has created opportunities for non-state actors to pose security threats to countries. Terrorist groups, insurgencies, and organized crime groups are taking advantage of globalization to conduct their illicit businesses. Organized crime is a type of non-traditional security threat that could risk the security of a nation and impact the safety of societies. Like other illicit non-state actors, organized crime could impact people, society, the state, and even a whole region. Unlike others, organized crime takes diverse forms of existence and illicit business models.
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Notes
- 1.
Internet Growth Statistics. https://www.internetworldstats.com/emarketing.htm.
- 2.
Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3) Annual Reports. https://www.ic3.gov/Home/AnnualReports.
- 3.
- 4.
INTERPOL Cybercrime threat response. https://www.interpol.int/en/Crimes/Cybercrime/Cybercrime-threat-response.
- 5.
INTERPOL supports arrest of cybercriminals targeting online shopping websites, January 27, 2020. https://www.interpol.int/en/News-and-Events/News/2020/INTERPOL-supports-arrest-of-cybercriminals-targeting-online-shopping-websites.
- 6.
European Cybercrime Centre. https://www.europol.europa.eu/about-europol/european-cybercrime-centre-ec3.
- 7.
See FBI Strategy Addresses Evolving Cyber Threat, September 16, 2020. https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/wray-announces-fbi-cyber-strategy-at-cisa-summit-091620.
- 8.
The Cyber Threat: https://www.fbi.gov/investigate/cyber.
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Lin, L.S.F. (2022). Globalization of Crime and Digitized Societies: A Recent Survey. In: Choudhury, A., Singh, T.P., Biswas, A., Anand, M. (eds) Evolution of Digitized Societies Through Advanced Technologies. Advanced Technologies and Societal Change. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2984-7_13
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