Abstract
This paper discusses the emerging, evolving, and disappearing of the kowtow in Chinese history, esp. its application in the Qing Dynasty.
Written by Baofeng Ma, former Counselor of the Protocol Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and guest professor of China Foreign Affairs University (2005–2013); translated by Qi Cui.
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Ma, B. (2022). The Kowtow in Feudal Chinese Protocol and Its Demise. In: Zhou, J., Zhang, G. (eds) A Study of Diplomatic Protocol and Etiquette. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0687-9_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0687-9_2
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Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-19-0686-2
Online ISBN: 978-981-19-0687-9
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