Skip to main content

Semantic Segmentation of Retinal Blood Vessel with Autoencoders

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Soft Computing: Theories and Applications

Abstract

In the medical imaging, early and precise segmentation of retina blood vessel (RBV) has been considered as one of the most key factors to diagnose the ophthalmologic diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, hypertension, arteriosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, and age-related macular degeneration. However, owing to very complex anatomy of the fundus, manual segmentation has been found as troublesome and tedious task along with lots of required knowledge and skills. Therefore, in the proposed work incorporating autoencoders has been proposed. To investigate the effectiveness of proposed methodology, DRIVE dataset has been employed. Further, the available dataset images have been converted into patches of 10 × 10 to encounter the very small size of utilized dataset. The developed model achieves more than 90% classification accuracy in most of the cases which validates the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Trucco, E., Azegrouz, H., Dhillon, B.: Modeling the tortuosity of retinal vessels: does caliber play a role? IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 57, 2239–2247 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2010.2050771

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Wang, X., Jiang, X., Ren, J.: Blood vessel segmentation from fundus image by a cascade classification framework. Pattern Recogn. 88, 331–341 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2018.11.030

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Nayak, C., Kaur, L.: Retinal blood vessel segmentation for diabetic retinopathy using multilayered thresholding (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Luo, L., Chen, D., Xue, D.: Retinal blood vessels semantic segmentation method based on modified U-Net. In: Proceedings of the 30th Chinese Control and Decision Conference CCDC 2018, pp. 1892–1895 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/CCDC.2018.8407435

  5. Jiang, Y., Zhang, H., Tan, N., Chen, L.: Automatic retinal blood vessel segmentation based on fully convolutional neural networks. Symmetry (Basel) 11 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11091112

  6. Hassan, G., El-Bendary, N., Hassanien, A.E., et al.: Retinal blood vessel segmentation approach based on mathematical morphology. Procedia Comput. Sci. Elsevier, 612–622 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Fraz, M.M., Remagnino, P., Hoppe, A., et al.: Blood vessel segmentation methodologies in retinal images—a survey. Comput. Meth. Programs Biomed. 108, 407–433 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2012.03.009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Zolfagharnasab, H., Naghsh-Nilchi, A.R.: Cauchy based matched filter for retinal vessels detection. J. Med. Signals Sens. 4, 1–9 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Vlachos, M., Dermatas, E.: Multi-scale retinal vessel segmentation using line tracking. Comput. Med. Imaging Graph 34, 213–227 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compmedimag.2009.09.006

  10. Espona Pernas, L., Carreira, M., Penedo, M.G., Ortega, M.: Retinal vessel tree segmentation using a deformable contour model. In: 19th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, pp. 1–4 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Ganesan, K., Naik, G., Adapa, D., et al.: A supervised blood vessel segmentation technique for digital Fundus images using Zernike Moment based features. PLoS One 15 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Al-Rawi, M., Qutaishat, M., Arrar, M.: An improved matched filter for blood vessel detection of digital retinal images. Comput. Biol. Med. 37, 262–267 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2006.03.003

  13. Almotiri, J., Elleithy, K., Elleithy, A.: Retinal vessels segmentation techniques and algorithms: a survey. Appl. Sci. 8 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3390/app8020155

  14. Ben Abdallah, M., Malek, J., Azar, A.T., et al.: Automatic extraction of blood vessels in the retinal vascular tree using multiscale medialness. Int. J. Biomed. Imaging (2015). https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/519024

  15. Espona, L., Carreira, M.J., Ortega, M., Penedo, M.G.: A snake for retinal vessel segmentation. In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), pp. 178–185. Springer Verlag (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Uchimura, S.: Optimization of Gabor filter parameters for pattern recognition. LibTkkFi, 49–52 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Nguyen, V., Blumenstein, M.: An application of the 2D Gaussian filter for enhancing feature extraction in off-line signature verification. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Document Analysis Recognition, ICDAR, pp. 339–343 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDAR.2011.76

  18. Korotkova, O., Salem, M., Dogariu, A., Wolf, E.: Changes in the polarization ellipse of random electromagnetic beams propagating through the turbulent atmosphere. Waves Random Complex Media 15, 353–364 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1080/17455030500184511

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  19. Li, X., Wang, L., Sung, E.: AdaBoost with SVM-based component classifiers. Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell. 21, 785–795 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2007.07.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Ricci, E., Perfetti, R.: Retinal blood vessel segmentation using line operators and support vector classification. IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 26, 1357–1365 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2007.898551

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Tan, J.H., Fujita, H., Sivaprasad, S., et al.: Automated segmentation of exudates, haemorrhages, microaneurysms using single convolutional neural network. Inf. Sci. (Ny) 420, 66–76 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2017.08.050

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Roy, A.G., Sheet, D.: DASA: Domain adaptation in stacked autoencoders using systematic dropout. In: Proceedings—3rd IAPR Asian Conference on Pattern Recognition, ACPR 2015, pp. 735–739. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  23. DRIVE: Digital Retinal Images for Vessel Extraction,https://drive.grand-challenge.org/

  24. Ghosh, A., Kumar, H., Sastry, P.S.: Robust loss functions under label noise for deep neural networks. In: 31st AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI 2017, pp. 1919–1925 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Jadon, S. (2020, October). A survey of loss functions for semantic segmentation. In 2020 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (CIBCB) (pp. 1–7). IEEE

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Irshad Ahmad Ansari .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Varshney, H., Kant, U., Gupta, H., Verma, O.P., Sharma, T.K., Ansari, I.A. (2021). Semantic Segmentation of Retinal Blood Vessel with Autoencoders. In: Sharma, T.K., Ahn, C.W., Verma, O.P., Panigrahi, B.K. (eds) Soft Computing: Theories and Applications. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 1381. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1696-9_53

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics