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ShExMap and IPSM-AF—Comparison of RDF Transformation Technologies

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Intelligent Systems, Technologies and Applications

Part of the book series: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing ((AISC,volume 1353))

Abstract

RDF is growing in popularity for enterprise data harmonization software (e.g. Virtuoso, or Corporate Memory). Interoperability techniques, e.g. query rewriting, and language transformation rely on the expressivity and flexibility of RDF. As a meta-model capable of expressing information with the use of a variety of vocabularies or ontologies, RDF enables a range of solutions for the problem of data interoperability. Exploiting RDF for interoperability surfaces the need for transformations between homologous RDF structures. This paper examines two independently developed technologies that enable mapping of RDF graphs: Shape Expressions Mapping Language (ShExMap) and IPSM (Inter Platform Semantic Mediator). We investigate the formal languages used by both, examining their theoretical foundation, peculiarities, and design. We consider two practical examples of transformations and compare effectively equivalent constructs that can be expressed in either approach. We also describe both technologies in broader context of practical applicability.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/.

  2. 2.

    https://www.w3.org/Submission/SPARQL-Update/.

  3. 3.

    https://www.w3.org/Submission/spin-overview/.

  4. 4.

    https://www.w3.org/Submission/SWRL/.

  5. 5.

    https://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/.

  6. 6.

    https://www.hitachivantara.com/go/pentaho.html.

  7. 7.

    http://silkframework.org/.

  8. 8.

    http://openrefine.org/.

  9. 9.

    https://virtuoso.openlinksw.com/.

  10. 10.

    https://www.eccenca.com/en/products/eccenca-corporate-memory.html/.

  11. 11.

    http://www.ibspan.waw.pl/.

  12. 12.

    http://inter-iot.eu.

  13. 13.

    https://github.com/INTER-IoT.

  14. 14.

    https://inter-iot-ipsm.readthedocs.io/en/latest/.

  15. 15.

    http://oaei.ontologymatching.org/.

  16. 16.

    http://bodycloud.dimes.unical.it/.

  17. 17.

    http://inter-iot.eu/GOIoTP#.

  18. 18.

    https://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-query/#func-iri.

  19. 19.

    https://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-query/#func-str.

  20. 20.

    https://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-query/#func-concat.

  21. 21.

    https://www.hl7.org/fhir/.

  22. 22.

    https://inter-iot-cookbook.readthedocs.io/en/latest/inter-layer/ds2ds/recipes/alignment/.

  23. 23.

    https://inter-iot-ipsm.readthedocs.io/en/latest/.

  24. 24.

    https://inter-iot-cookbook.readthedocs.io/en/latest/.

  25. 25.

    http://shex.io/.

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Acknowledgements

This research was partially supported by the European Union’s “Horizon 2020” research and innovation programme as part of the “Interoperability of Heterogeneous IoT Platforms” (INTER-IoT) project under Grant Agreement No. 687283.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland

    Paweł Szmeja

  2. W3C/Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Eric Prud’hommeaux

Authors
  1. Paweł Szmeja
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  2. Eric Prud’hommeaux
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Paweł Szmeja .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland

    Marcin Paprzycki

  2. Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management Kerala, Trivandrum, Kerala, India

    Sabu M. Thampi

  3. Machine Intelligence Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

    Sushmita Mitra

  4. Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada

    Ljiljana Trajkovic

  5. College of Computer Sciences and Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia

    El-Sayed M. El-Alfy

Appendix: Prefixes

Appendix: Prefixes

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Szmeja, P., Prud’hommeaux, E. (2021). ShExMap and IPSM-AF—Comparison of RDF Transformation Technologies. In: Paprzycki, M., Thampi, S.M., Mitra, S., Trajkovic, L., El-Alfy, ES.M. (eds) Intelligent Systems, Technologies and Applications. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 1353. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0730-1_3

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