Abstract
The asset possession of the household immensely influences the decision of migration. Livelihood assets are classified into five categories, namely, human, financial, natural, physical and social capital. These are not mutually exclusive, and one compensates to other for the deterioration of the same. Assets endow the people to cope with the adverse situation and help to explore diverse livelihood options for getting out of risk. This chapter looks insight into the detailed investigation of the above-mentioned asset possession and compares between migrants and non-migrants in terms of the same.
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Notes
- 1.
In 2011 Census, the mean household size in India is 4.9 and West Bengal is 4.6.
- 2.
Overall sex ratio in India is 940 female per 1000 male, and in West Bengal, it is 947 female per 1000 male in 2011 Census.
- 3.
Mean expenditure is violated by the outlier. The mean health expenditure is Rs 15,443.
- 4.
The per capita income in 2013–2014 at current price (Net State Domestic Product) of West Bengal is Rs 70,059. The monthly NSDP is Rs. 5838 (PIB 2015).
- 5.
A veteran social worker, Padmashri Tusar Kanjilal, is associated with TSRD. He is also awarded with ‘Bajaz Peace Prize’ for his notable work with the society.
- 6.
Joygopalpur Gram Vikash Kendra (JGVK) received ‘Indira Gandhi Paryavaran Puraskar’ in 2010 by MoFE, GoI and ‘Biodiversity Award’ in 2014 by West Bengal Biodiversity Board, Govt. of WB.
- 7.
Census of India, 2001 classified the houses into three categories: permanent (pucca), semi-permanent (semi-pucca) and temporary (kutcha). The present study also followed the same classification and definition. A house with both the wall and roof made of permanent material, such as concrete, asbestos, tiles, burnt brick and tine, is defined as permanent or pucca house. Likewise a structure has either the wall or the roof, but not the both, made of permanent material are called as semi-permanent or semi-pucca house. A house with both the walls and roof is made of materials that need to be replaced frequently, and material other than those mentioned above is treated as temporary or kutcha house.
- 8.
Those houses which show signs of decay or those breaking down and require major repairs or those houses decayed or ruined and are far from being in conditions that can be restored or repaired are considered as ‘dilapidated’. Those houses which require minor repairs are considered as ‘livable’. Those houses which do not require any repairs and in good condition are considered as ‘good’ (Census of India 2001 & 2011).
- 9.
A dwelling room includes living room, bedroom, dining room, drawing room, study room, servant’s room and other habitable rooms. It does not include kitchen, bathroom, latrine, store room, passageway and veranda which are not normally usable for living. A room, used for multi-purposes such as sleeping, sitting, dining, storing, cooking, etc., is regarded as a dwelling room (Census of India 2011).
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Mistri, A., Das, B. (2020). Livelihood Assets and Migration. In: Environmental Change, Livelihood Issues and Migration. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8735-7_6
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