Abstract
Since the 1950s when the wave of de-colonization began to sweep through Africa, the continent has gone through several changing perspectives of ‘development’ approaches. Hyden (1993) characterises the discourse on development as having passed through four cycles; modernization (1955–65), dependency (1965–75), popular participation (1975–85) and enabling environment (1985-onwards). This moved the paradigm from development being measured purely in terms of economic stages of development to the wholesome term of human development (Hyden, 1993) specifically, development should imply improving the readiness and ability of societies to ‘problematise’ issues. In other words development becomes meaningful to people when they have a chance to wrestle with end/means relations in ways that are relevant to their own predicament. It was symptomatic of this shift that by the end of the 1980s terms such as people centred development (The World Commission on Environment and Development — WCED, 1987), sustainable development (Hyden, 1993) and sustainable livelihoods (Chambers and Conway, 1992) became increasingly common in development language1.
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Hara, M., Nielsen, J.R. (2003). Experiences with Fisheries Co-Management in Africa. In: Wilson, D.C., Nielsen, J.R., Degnbol, P. (eds) The Fisheries Co-management Experience. Fish and Fisheries Series, vol 26. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3323-6_6
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