Abstract
Two qualities distinguish the paleo record of fire in boreal regions. First is its highly fragmentary nature in light of the importance of boreal forests for carbon storage and emissions to the atmosphere. One might expect boreal forests to be a focus of research on impacts of temperature change and biospheric feedbacks due to C release. Fire can have effects on the C balance of individual stands that persist for decades in boreal regions (Van Cleve and Viereck 1981). Combustion-produced elemental (graphitic) C can have several important environmental impacts, influencing climate (Shaw 1982; Rosen et al. 1984; Ch’ylek et al. 1984; Penner et al. 1991), air quality (Sandberg et al. 1979), human health (Laflamme and Hites 1978), and the concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere (Seiler and Crutzen 1980; Crutzen and Andreae 1990; Crutzen and Goldammer 1993). Stratigraphic records of several important combustion products (e.g. charcoal, fly ash, reduced organic tracers) exist from some regions, but there is a conspicous lack of synthesis needed to establish baseline (i.e. pre-industrial) biomass burning emissions (Malingreau et al. 1993). Such records are particularly scarce in boreal regions (Clark and Robinson 1993).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alhonen, P. 1971. On the early Flandrian stratigraphy and vegetation history of the north Satakunta area, western Finland. Bull. Geological Soc. Finland 43, 39–46.
Anderson, R.S., and S.L. Carpenter. 1991. Vegetation change in Yosemite Valley, Yosemite National Park, California, during the protohistoric period. Madrono 38, 1–13.
Anderson, R.S., G.L. Jacobson, R.B. Davis, and R. Stuckenrath. 1992. Gould Pond, Maine: late-glacial transitions from marine to upland environments. Boreas 21, 359–371.
Andreae, M.O. 1983. Soot carbon and excess fine potas ium: long range transport of combustion derived aerosol. Science 220, 1148–1151.
Barnosky, C.W. 1984. Late Pleistocene and early Holocene environmental history of southwestern Washington State, U.S.A. Can. J. Earth Sci. 21, 619–629.
Bennett, K.D. 1987. Holocene history of forest trees in southern Ontario. Can. J. Bot. 65, 1792–1801.
Berglund, B.E., and A. Rapp. 1988. geomorphology, climate and vegetation in North-West Scania, Sweden, during the late Weichselian. Geographia Polonica 55, 13–35.
Birks, H.J.B. 1976. Late-Wisconsin vegetational history at Wolf Creek, central Minnesota. Ecol.Monogr. 46, 395–429.
Bradshaw, R.H.W., and O. Zackrisson. 1990. A two-thousand-year history of a northern Swedish boreal forest stand. J. Vegetation Sci. 1, 519–528.
Bryson, R. 1966. Air masses, streamlines and the boreal forest. Geographic Bulletin 8, 228–269.
Burney, D.A. 1987. Late Quaternary stratigraphie charcoal records from Madagascar. Quat. Res. 28, 274–280.
Cadle, S.H., and P.J. Groblicki. 1982. An evaluation of methods for the determination of organic and elemental carbon in particulate samples. In: Particulate Carbon: Atmospheric Life Cycle (G.T. Wolff and R.L. Klimisch, eds.), pp.89–109. Plenum, New York.
Ch’ylek, P., V. Ramaswamy, and V. Srivastava. 1984. Graphitic carbon content of aerosols, clouds and snow, and its climatic implications. The Science of the Total Environment 36, 117–120.
Clark, J.S. 1988a. Charcoal-stratigraphic analysis on petrographie thin sections: recent fire history in northwest Minnesota. Quat. Res. 30, 67–80.
Clark, J.S. 1988b. Particle motion and the theory of charcoal analysis: source area, transport, deposition, and sampling. Quat. Res. 30, 81–91.
Clark, J.S. 1990. Fire and climate change during the last 750 years in northwestern Minnesota. Ecol. Monogr. 60, 135–159.
Clark, J.S., and W.A. Patterson. 1984. Pollen, 210Pb, and opaque spherules: an integrated approach to dating and sedimentation in the intertidal environment. J. Sedimentary Petrology 54, 1249–1263.
Clark, J.S., J. Merkt, and H. Muller. 1989. Post Glacial fire, vegetation, and human history of the northern Alpine forelands, south-western Germany. J. Ecology 77, 897–925.
Clark, J.S., and J. Robinson. 1993. Paleoecology of fire. In: Fire in the Environment: The Ecological, Atmospheric, and Climatic Importance of Vegetation Fires (P.J. Crutzen and J.G. Goldammer, eds.), pp. 193–214. John Wiley, New York, NY.
Clark, J.S., and P.D. Royall. 1994. Pre-industrial particulate emissions and carbon sequestration from biomass burning in North America. Biogeochemistry 23, 1–17.
Clark, R.L. 1983. Pollen can charcoal evidence for the effects of Aboriginal burning on the vegetation of Australia. Archaeology in Oceania 18, 32–37.
Crane, P.R., and S. Lidgard. 1990. Angiosperm radiation and patterns of Cretaceous palynological diversity. In: Major Evolutionary Radiations (P.D. Taylor and G.P. Larwood, eds.), pp.377–407. Clarendon Press, Oxford, England.
Crutzen, P.J., and M.O. Andreae. 1990. Biomass burning in the tropics: impact on atmospheric chemistry and biogeochemical cycles. Science 250, 1669–1678.
Crutzen, P.J., and J.G. Goldammer, (eds.). 1993. Fire in the Environment: The Ecological, Atmospheric, and Climatic Importance of Vegetation Fires. Wiley, New York.
Cushing, E.J. 1965. Problems in the Quaternary phytogeography of the Great Lakes region. In: The Quaternary of the United States (H.E. Wright Jr and D.G. Frey, eds.), pp.403–416. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.
Cwynar, L.C. 1978. Recent history of fire and vegetation from laminated sediment of Greenleaf Lake, Algonquin Park, Ontario. Can. J. Bot. 56, 10–21.
Cwynar, L.C. 1982. A Late-Quaternary vegetation history from Hanging Lake, northern Yukon. Ecol. Monogr. 52, 1–24.
Cwynar, L.C. 1987. Fire and the forest history of the North Cascade Range. Ecology 68, 791–802.
de Beaulieu, J.-L, and M. Reille. 1989. The transition from temperate phases to stadials in the long upper Pleistocene sequence from Les Échets (France). Rev. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, and Palaeoecology 72, 147–159.
de Beaulieu, J.-L, and M. Reille. 1992. The last climatic cycle at La Grande Pile (Vosges, France) — a new pollen profile. Quat. Sci. Rev. 11, 431–438.
Davis, M.B. 1969. Climatic changes in southern Connecticut recorded by pollen deposition at Rogers Lake. Ecology 50, 409–422.
Davis, M.B. 1972. Redeposition of pollen grains in lake sediments. Limnology and Oceanography 18, 44–52.
Davis, M.B., R.W. Spear, and L.C.K. Shane. 1980. Holocene climate of New England. Quat. Res. 14, 240–250.
Davis, R.B., and G.L. Jacobson. 1985. Late Glacial and early Holocene landscapes in northern New England and adjacent areas of Canada. Quat. Res. 23, 341–368.
Delcourt, H.R. 1979. Late Quaternary vegetation history of the eastern highland rim and adjacent Cumberland Plateau of Tennessee. Ecol. Monogr. 49, 255–280.
Delcourt, P.A., H.R. Delcourt, R.C. Brister, and L.E. Lackey. 1980. Quaternary vegetation history of the Mississippi embayment. Quat. Res. 13, 111–132.
Engstrom, D.R., and B.C.S. Hansen. 1985. Postglacial vegetational change and soil development in southeastern Labrador as inferred from pollen and chemical stratigraphy. Can. J. Bot. 63, 543–561.
Fahnestock, G.R., and J.K. Agee. 1983. Biomass consumption and smoke production by prehistoric and modern forest fires in western Washington. J. For. 81, 653.
Gajewski, K., M.G. Winkler, and A.M. Swain. 1985. Vegetation and fire history from three lakes with varved sediments in northwestern Wisconsin. Rev. Paleobotany and Palynology 44, 277–292.
Goldberg, E.D. 1985. Black Carbon in the Environment. John Wiley, New York.
Green, D.G. 1981. Time series and postglacial forest ecology. Quat. Res. 15, 265–277.
Grichuk, V.P. 1984. Late Pleistocene vegetation history. In: Late Quaternary Environments of the Soviet Union (A.A. Velichko, ed.), pp. 155–178. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Griffen, J.J., and E.D. Goldberg. 1975. The fluxes of elemental carbon in coastal marine sediments. Limnology and Oceanography 20, 456–463.
Grüger, J. 1973. Studies on the Late Quaternary vegetation history of northeastern Kansas. Geol. Soc. America Bull. 84, 239–250.
Herring, J.R. 1985. Charcoal fluxes into sediments of the North Pacific Ocean: The Cenozoic record of burning. In: The Carbon Cycle and Atmospheric CO2: Natural Variations, Archean to Present (E.T. Sundquist and W.S. Broecker, eds.), pp.419–442. Geophysical Monogr. 32, American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C.
Heusser, C.J. 1990. Late-Glacial and Holocene vegetation and climate of subantarctic South America. Rev. Paleobotany and Palynology 65, 9–15.
Heusser, L.E., and J.E. King. 1988. North America. In: Vegetation History (B. Huntley, and T. Webb III, eds.), pp. 193–236. Kluwer Academic Publ., Dordrecht, Netherlands.
Huntley, B. 1988. Europe. In: Vegetation History (B. Huntley and T. Webb III, eds.), pp. 341–383. Kluwer, Dordrecht, Netherlands.
Hussey, T.C. 1993. A 20,000-Year History of Vegetation and Climate at Clear Pond, Northeastern South Carolina. MS Thesis, University of Maine, Orono, Maine.
Jackson, S.T. 1989. Postglacial vegetational changes along an elevational gradient in the Adirondack Mountains (New York). Biological Survey Museum Bulletin 465, 29 pp.
Jétte, H., and P.J.H. Richard. 1992. Contribution a l’histoire postglaciaire de la végétation en Gaspésie méridionale, Québec. Géographie Physique et Quaternaire 46, 273–284.
Jones, K.C., J.A. Stratford, K.S. Waterhouse, E.T. Furlong, W. Giger, R.A. Hites, C. Schaffner, and A.E. Johnston. 1989. Increases in the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon content of an agricultural soil over the last century. Environmental Science and Technology 23, 95–101.
Johnson, E.A. 1992. Fire and Vegetation Dynamics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England.
Kershaw, A.P., D.M. D’Costa, J.R.C. KcEwen Mason, and B.E. Wagstaff. 1991. Palynological evidence for Quaternary vegetation and environments of mainland southeastern Australia. Quat. Sci. Rev. 10, 391–404.
King, J.E. 1973. Late Pleistocene palynology and biogeography of the western Missouri Ozarks. Ecol. Monogr. 43, 539–565.
Khotinskiy, N.A. 1984. Holocene vegetation history. In: Late Quaternary Environments of the Soviet Union (A.A. Velichko, ed.), pp. 179–200. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Krebs, J.S., and R.G. Barry. 1970. The arctic front and the tundra-tiaga boundary in Eurasia. Geogr. Rev. 60, 548–554.
Kutzbach, J.E., and P.J. Guetter. 1986. The influence of changing orbital parameters and surface boundary conditions on climate simulations for the past 18000 years. J. Atmospheric Sci. 43, 1726–1759.
Kutzbach, J.E., and F.A. Street-Perrott. 1985. Milankovitch forcing of fluctuations in the level of tropical lakes from 18 to 0 kyr BP. Nature 317, 130–134.
Labelle, C, and P.J.H. Richard. 1981. Végétation tardiglaciaire et postglaciaire au sud-est du parc des Laurentides, Québec. Géographie physique et Quaternaire 35, 345–359.
Labelle, C, and P.J.H. Richard. 1984. Histoire postglaciaire de la végétation dans las région de Mont-Saint-Pierre, Gaspésie. Géographie physique et Quaternaire 38, 257–274.
Laflamme, R.E., and R.A. Hites. 1978. The global distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in recent sediments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 42, 289–303.
Lamb, H.F., and M.E. Edwards. 1988. The Arctic. In: Vegetation History (B. Huntley and T. Webb III, eds.), pp.519–555. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, Netherlands.
Liu, K.-B. 1988. Quaternary history of the temperate forests of China. Quat. Sci. Rev. 7, 1–20.
Liu, K.-B. 1990. Holocene paleoecology of the boreal forest and Great Lakes-St. Lawrence forest in northern Ontario. Ecol. Monogr. 60, 179–212.
MacDonald, G.M. 1987. Postglacial vegetation history of the Mackenzie River basin. Quat. Res. 28, 245–262.
MacDonald, G.M. 1989. Postglacial palaeoecology of the subalpine forest-grassland ecotone of southwestern Alberta: new insights on vegetation and climate change in the Canadian Rocky Mountains and adjacent foothills. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, and Palaeoecology 73, 155–173.
MacDonald, G.M., T.W.D. Edwards, K.A. Moser, R. Pienitz, and J.P. Smol. 1993. Rapid response of treeline vegetation and lakes to past climate warming. Nature 361, 243–246.
MacDonald, G.M., C.P.S. Larsen, J.M. Szeicz, and K.A. Moser. 1991. The reconstruction of boreal forest fire history from lake sediments: a comparison of charcoal, pollen, sedimentological, and geochemical indices. Quat. Sei. Rev. 10, 53–71.
Malingreau, J.-P., F.A. Albini, M.O. Andreae, S. Brown, J.S. Levine, J. Lobert, T.A. Kulbusch, L. Radke, A. Setzer, P.M. Vitousek, D.E. Ward, and J. Warnatz. 1993. Quantification of fire characteristics from local to global scales. In: Fire in the Environment: The Ecological, Atmospheric, and Climatic Importance of Vegetation Fires (P.J. Crutzen and J.G. Goldammer, eds.), pp. John Wiley, New York.
Mehringer, P.J., S.F. Arno, and K.L. Petersen. 1977. Postglacial history of Lost Trail Pass Bog, Bitterroot Mountains, Montana. Arctic and Alpinus Research 9, 345–368.
Müller, H. 1974. Pollenanalytische Untersuchungen und Jahresschichtenzählungen an der holstein-zeitlichen Kieselgur von Münster-Breloh. Geologisches Jahrbuch A21, 107–140.
Mott, R.J. 1990. Sangamonian forest history and climate in Atlantic Canda. Géographie physique et Quaternaire 44, 257–270.
Novakov, T. 1984. The role of soot and primary oxidants in atmospheric chemistry. The Science of the Total Environment 36, 1–10.
Novakov, T.C., Cachier, H., Macko, S. and Clark, J.S. 1996. Characterization of Particulate Products of Biomass Combustion. In: Sediment records of biomass burning and global change (J.S. Clark, B.J. Stocks, H. Cachier, and J.G. Goldammer, eds.). Springer Verlag, New York (in press).
Patterson, W.A., K.J. Edwards, and D.J. Maguire. 1987. Microscopic charcoal as a fossil indicator of fire. Quat. Sei. Rev. 6, 3–23.
Payette, S., C. Morneau, L. Sirois, and M. Desponts. 1989. Recent fire history of the northern Quebec biomes. Ecology 70, 656–673.
Payette, S. 1993. The range limit of boreal tree species in Quebec-Labrador: an ecological and palaeoecological interpretation. Review of Paleobotany and Palynology 79, 7–30.
Penner, J.E., S.J. Ghan, and J.J. Walton. 1991. The role of biomass burning in the budget and cycle of carbonaceous soot aerosols and their climate impact. In: Global Biomass Burning: Atmospheric, Climatic, and Biospheric Implications (J.S. Levine, ed.), pp.387–393. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Plummer, L.N. 1993. Stable isotope enrichment in paleowaters of the southeast Atlantic coastal plain, United States. Science 262, 2016–2020.
Pons, A., J. Guiot, J.L. de Beaulieu, and M. Reille. 1992. Recent contributions to the climatology of the Last Glacial-Interglacial cycle based on French pollen sequences. Quat. Sci. Rev. 11, 439–448.
Prentice, I.C. 1985. Pollen representation, source area, and basin size: toward a unified theory of pollen analysis. Quat. Res. 23, 76–86.
Reille, M., and J.-L de Beaulieu. 1990. Pollen analysis of a long upper Pleistocene continental sequence in a Velay maar (Massif Central, France). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, and Palaeoecology 80, 35–48.
Richard, P.J.H. 1977. Histoire post-wisconsinienne de la végétation du Québec mérional par l’analyse pollinique. Service de la recherche, Direction générale des Fôrets du Québec. Publications et rapports divers 1(312 pp.) + 2 (142 pp.).
Richard, PJ.H. 1979. Contribution á l’histoire postglaciaire de la végétation au nord-est de la Jamésie, Nouveau-Québec. Géographie Physique et Quaternaire 33, 93–112.
Richard, PJ.H. 1980. Histoire postglaciaire de la végétation au sud du lac Abitibi, Ontario et Québec. Géographie Physique et Quaternaire 34, 77–94.
Richard, PJ.H. 1981. Paléophytogéographie postglaciaire en Ungava, par l’analyse pollinique. Collection Paléo-Québec 13, 153 pp.
Richard, PJ.H., and C. Labelle. 1989. Histoire postglaciaire de la végétation au lac du Diable, mont Albert, Gaspésie, Québec. Géographie Physique et Quaternaire 43, 337–354.
Richard, PJ.H., A.C. Larouche, and M. Bouchard. 1982. Age de la déglaciation finale et histoire postglaciaire de la végétation dans la partie centrale du Nouveau-Quebec. Géographie Physique et Quaternaire 36, 63–90.
Richard, PJ.H., A.C. Larouche, and G. Lortie. 1992. Paleophytogeographie et paleoclimats postglaciaires dans l’ouest du Bas-Saint-Laurent, Quebec. Geographie Physique et Quaternaire 46, 151–172.
Richard, P.J.H., and A.C. Larouche. 1994. Histoire postglaciaire de la végétation au lac du Diable, mont Albert, Gaspésie, Québec. In: Il y a 8000 ans à Rimouski. Paléoécologie et archéologie d’un site de la culture Piano (C. Chapdelaine, ed.), pp. 49–89. Collection Paléo-Québec 22, 314pp.
Ritchie, J.C. 1987. Postglacial Vegetation of Canada. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England.
Rosen, H., A.D. A. Hansen, and T. Novakov. 1984. Role of graphitic carbon particles in radiative transfer in the Arctic haze. The Science of the Total Environment 36, 103–110.
Sandberg, D.V., J.M. Pierovich, D.G. Fox, and E.W. Ross. 1979. Effects of fire on air. United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service General Technical Report WO-9, Washington, DC.
Seiler, W., and P.J. Crutzen. 1980. Estimates of gross and net fluxes of carbon between the biosphere and the atmosphere from biomass burning. Climatic Change 2, 207–247.
Shaw, G.E. 1982. Perturbation to the atmospheric radiation field from carbonaceous aerosols. In: Particulate Carbon: Atmospheric Life Cycle (G.T. Wolff and R. L. Klimisch, eds.), pp.53–74. Plenum Press, New York.
Singh, G., A.P. Kershaw, and R. Clark. 1981. Quaternary vegetation and fire history in Australia. In: Fire and the Australian Biota (A.M. Gill, R. H. Groves, and I.R. Noble, eds.), pp.23–54. Australian Academy of Science, Canberra, Australia.
Smith, D.M., J.J. Griffen, and E.D. Goldberg. 1973. Elemental carbon in marine sediments: a baseline for burning. Nature 241, 268–270.
Smith, S.J., and R.S. Anderson. 1992. Late Wisconsin Paleoecologic record from Swamp Lake, Yosemite National Park, California. Quat. Res. 38, 91–102.
Sorenson, C.J., J.C. Knox, J.A. Larsen, R.A. and Bryson. 1971. Paleosols and the Forest Border in Keewatin, N.W.T. Quat. Res. 1, 468–473.
Stocks, BJ. 1993. Global warming and forest fires in Canada. The Forestry Chronicle 69, 290–293.
Stocks, BJ., and R.B. Street. 1983. Forest fire weather and wildfire occurrence in the borealforest of northwestern Ontario. In: Resources and Dynamics of the Boreal Zone (R.W. Wein, R. R. Riewe and I.R. Methven, eds.), pp.249–265. Association of Canadian Universities Northern Studies, Ottawa, Ontario.
Sugita, S., and M. Tsukada. 1983. Vegetation history around Nonbara bog in the San’in District for the past 17,000 years. Japanese J. Ecology 33, 225–230.
Swain, A.M. 1973. A history of fire and vegetation in northeastern Minnesota as recorded in lake sediment. Quat. Res. 3, 383–396.
Tolonen, K. 1983. The post-glacial fire record. In: The Role of Fire in Northern Circumpolar Ecosystems (R.W. Wein and D.A. MacLean, eds.), pp.21–44. John Wiley, New York.
Tolonen, M. 1978. Palaeoecology of annually laminated sediments in Lake Ahvenainen, S. Finland. I. Pollen and charcoal analyses and their relation to human impact. Ann. Bot. Fennici 15, 177–208.
Tolonen, M. 1983. Pollen evidence of vegetational change following early European settlement on Monhegan Island, Maine, northeastern U.S.A. Boreas 12, 201–215.
Tolonen, M. 1987. Primary and secondary forest successions reflected in a late Holocene pollen sequence from an upland mire near the SW coast of Finland. Ann. Bot. Fennici 24, 97–109.
Tsukada, M. 1983. Vegetation and climate during the last Glacial maximum in Japan. Quat. Res. 19, 212–235.
Tsukada, M., S. Sugita, and D.M. Hibbert. 1981. Paleoecology in the Pacific Northwest. I. Late Quaternary vegetation and climate. Verhandlungen der Internationalen Vereinigung fur Limnologie 21, 730–737.
Tsukada, M., and S. Sugita. 1982. Late Quaternary dynamics of pollen influx at Mineral Lake, Washington. Botanical Magazine (Tokyo) 95, 401–418.
Van Cleve, K., and L.A. Viereck. 1981. Forest succession in relation to nutrient cycling in the boreal forest of Alaska. In: Forest Succession: Concepts and Application (D.C. West, H. H. Shugart, and D.B. Botkin, eds.), pp.185–211. Springer-Verlag, New York.
Watts, W.A. 1970. The full-glacial vegetation of northwestern Georgia. Ecology 51, 17–33.
Watts, W.A. 1979. Late Quaternary vegetation of central Appalachia and the New Jersey coastal plain. Ecol. Monogr. 49, 427–469.
Watts, W.A. 1980. The late Quaternary vegetation history of the southeastern United States. Ann. Rev. of Ecology and Systematics 11, 387–409.
Watts, W.A. 1988. Europe. In: Vegetation History (B. Huntley and T. Webb III (eds), pp. 155–192. Kluwer Academic Press, Dordrecht, Netherlands.
Webb III T. 1988. Eastern North America. In: Vegetation History (B. Huntley and T. Webb III (eds), pp.385–414. Kluwer Academic Press, Dordrecht, Netherlands.
Webb III, T., P.J. Bartlein, and J.E. Kutzbach. 1987. Climatic change in eastern North America during the past 18,000 years; comparisons of pollen data with model results. In: North America and Adjacent Oceans During the Last Deglaciation (W.F. Ruddiman and H.E. Wright Jr, eds.), pp.447–462. Geological Society of America, Boulder, Colorado.
West, R.G. 1970. Pleistocene history of the British flora. Pages 1–12. in D. Walker and R.G. West, editor. Studies in the Vegetational History of the British Isles. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England.
Whitehead, D.R. 1964. Fossil pine pollen and full-Glacial vegetation in southeastern North Carolina. Ecology 45, 767–777.
Whitehead, D.R. 1981. Late-Pleistocene vegetational changes in northeastern North Carolina. Ecol. Monogr. 51, 451–471.
Wik, M., and I. Renberg. 1991. Recent atmospheric deposition in Sweden of carbonaceous particles from fossil-fuel combustion surveyed using lake sediments. Ambio 20, 289–292.
Winkler, M.J. 1985. Charcoal analysis for paleoenvironmental interpretation: a chemical assay. Quat. Res. 23, 313–326.
Woillard, G.M. 1978. Grande Pile Peat Bog: a continuous pollen record for the last 140,000 years. Quat. Res. 9, 1–21.
Wolfe, J. A. 1975. Some aspects of plant geography of the northern hemisphere during the Late Cretaceous and Tertiary. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 62, 264–279.
Wright, H.E. 1992. Patterns of Holocene climatic change in the midwestern United States. Quat. Res. 38, 129–134.
Wright, H.E., and C.W. Barnosky. 1984. Introduction to the English edition. In: Late Quaternary Environments of the Soviet Union (A.A. Velichko, ed.), pp.xiii–xxii. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Zackrisson, O. 1977. Influence of forest fires on the North Swedish boreal forests. Oikos 29, 22–32.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1996 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Clark, J.S., Richard, P.J.H. (1996). The Role of Paleofire in Boreal and Other Cool-Coniferous Forests. In: Goldammer, J.G., Furyaev, V.V. (eds) Fire in Ecosystems of Boreal Eurasia. Forestry Sciences, vol 48. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8737-2_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8737-2_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-4725-0
Online ISBN: 978-94-015-8737-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive