Abstract
Following the publication of Multivariate Morphometrics (Blackith and Rey-ment, 1971), the field of morphometrics has witnessed a renaissance in both theory and practice. Bookstein (1977, 1982) attributed the theoretical foundation of morphometrics to D’Arcy Thompson’s On Growth and Form (1942), which sought to express biological form in terms of physical laws. There followed a long period of quiescence, when little or no advancement to the conceptual framework was made. Meanwhile, the foundations of multivariate statistics were being laid by T. W. Anderson, R. A. Fisher, H. Hotelling, C. R. Rao, and others.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Archie, J. W. (1985) Methods for coding variable morphological features for numerical taxonomic analysis. Syst., Zool. 34, 326–345.
Bailey, R. M. and Allum, M. O. (1962) Fishes of South Dakota. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool., Univ. Mich., 119, 1–131.
Baumgartner, J. V., Bell, M. A. and Weinberg, P. H. (1988) Body form differences between the Enos Lake species pair of threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus complex). Can. J. Zool., 66, 467–474.
Blackith, R. E. and Reyment, R. A. (1971) Multivariate Morphometrics, Academic Press, London, 412 pp.
Bookstein, F. L. (1977) The study of shape transformation after D’Arcy Thompson. Mathl. Biosci., 34, 177–219.
Bookstein, F. L. (1978) The Measurement of Biological Shape and Shape Change (Lecture Notes in Biomathematics, Vol. 24), Springer-Verlag, New York, 191 pp.
Bookstein, F. L. (1982) Foundations of morphometrics. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 13, 451–470.
Bookstein, F. L., Strauss, R. E., Humphries, J. M., Chernoff, B., Elder, R. L. and Smith, G. R. (1982) A comment upon the uses of Fourier methods in systematics. Syst. Zool., 31, 85–91.
Bookstein, F. L., Chernoff, B., Elder, R., Humphries, J., Smith, G. and Strauss, R. (1985) Morphometrics in Evolutionary Biology. Spec. Publs. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad, 15, 277 pp.
Burr, B. M. (1976) A review of the Mexican stoneroller, Campostoma ornatum Girard (Pisces: Cyprinidae). Trans. S. Diego Soc. nat. Hist., 18, 127–144.
Chernoff, B. (1982) Character variation among populations and the analysis of biogeography. Am. Zool., 22, 425–439.
Chernoff, B. (1986) Systematics of American atherinid fishes of the genus Atherinella. I. The subgenus Atherinella. Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 138, 86–188.
Chernoff, B. and Miller, R. R. (1981) Systematics and variation of the aztec shiner, Notropis sallei, a cyprinid fish from Central Mexico. Proc. biol. Soc. Wash., 94, 18–36.
Chernoff, B., Miller, R. R. and Gilbert, C. R. (1982) Notropis orca and Notropis simus, cyprinid fishes from the American southwest, with description of a new subspecies. Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool., Univ. Mich., 698, 46 pp.
Cheverud, J. M., Lewis, J. L., Bachrach, W. and Lewis, W. D. (1983) The measurement of form and variation in form: an application of three-dimensional quantitative morphology by finite-element methods. Am. J. phys. Anthropol., 62, 151–165.
Colgan, P. W., Ballantyne, P. K. and Wilson, M. V. H. (1976) Numerical taxonomy of hybridizing Lepomis (Centrarchidae) in Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Can. J. Zool., 54, 42–47.
Dickinson, T. A. (1986) Topodeme differentiation in Ontario taxa of Crataegus (Rosaceae: Maloideae): Leaf morphometric evidence. Can. J. Bot., 64, 2738–2747.
Dickinson, T. A., Parker, W. H. and Strauss, R. E. (1987) Another approach to leaf shape comparisons. Taxon, 36, 1–20.
Douglas, M. E. and Endler, J. A. (1982) Quantitative matrix comparisons in ecological and evolutionary investigations. J. theor. Biol., 99, 777–795.
Ehrlich, R., Pharr, R. B., jun. and Healy-Williams, N. (1983) Comments on the validity of Fourier descriptors in systematics: a reply to Bookstein et al. Syst. Zool., 32, 202–206.
Felley, J. D. (1984) Multivariate identification of morphological-environmental relationships within the Cyprinidae (Pisces). Copeia, 1984, 442–455.
Felley, J. D. (1988) Review: Morphometrics in Evolutionary Biology, by F. L. Bookstein, B. Chernoff, R. Elder, J. Humphries, G. Smith, and R. Strauss, 1985. Copeia, 1988, 1106–1107.
Fink, W. L. (1987) Video digitizer: a system for systematic biologists. Curator, 30, 63–72.
Gatz, A. J., jun. (1979) Community organization in fishes as indicated by morphological features. Ecology, 60, 711–718.
Gibbs, R. H., jun. (1957) Cyprinid fishes of the subgenus Cyprinella of Notropis II. Distribution and variation of Notropis spilopterus, with the description of a new subspecies. Lloydia, 20, 186–209.
Gibson, A. R., Baker, A. J. and Moeed, A. (1984) Morphometric variation in introduced populations of the common myna (Acridotheres tristis): an application of the jackknife to principal component analysis. Syst. Zool., 33, 408–421.
Gilbert, C. R. (1964) The American cyprinid fishes of the subgenus Luxilus (genus Notropis). Bull. Fla. St. Mus. biol. Sci., 8, 95–194.
Haldane, J. B. S. (1955) The measurement of variation. Evolution, 9, 484.
Hubbs, C., Miller, R. R., Edwards, R. J., Thompson, K. W., Marsh, E., Garrett, G. P., Powell, G. L., Morris, D. J. and Zerr, R. W. (1977). Fishes inhabiting the Rio Grande, Texas and Mexico, between El Paso and the Pecos confluence. Symposium on the Importance, Preservation, and Management of the Riparian Habitat, 9 July 1977, Tuscon, Arizona, US Dept Agric. Forest Serv., Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-43, pp. 91–97.
Hubbs, C. L. and Lagler, K. F. (1964) Fishes of the Great Lakes Region, Univ. Mich. Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 213 pp.
Hubbs, C. L. and Ortenberger, A. I. (1929) Fishes collected in Oklahoma and Arkansas in 1927. Publs Univ. Okla. Biol. Surv., 1, 47–112.
Humphries, J. M., Bookstein, F. L., Chernoff, B., Smith, G. R., Elder, R. L. and Poss, S. G. (1981) Multivariate discrimination by shape in relation to size. Syst. Zool., 34, 381–396.
Jolicouer, P. (1963) The multivariate generalization of the allometry equation. Biometrics, 19, 497–499.
Kenchington, T. J. (1986) Morphological comparison of two northwest Atlantic redfishes, Sebastes fasciatus and S. mentella, and techniques for their identification. Can. J. Fish, Aquat. Sci., 43, 781–787.
Koster, W. J. (1957) Guide to the Fishes of New Mexico, Univ. New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, 116 pp.
McGlade, J. M. and Boulding, E.G. (1986) The truss: A geometric and statistical approach to the analysis of form in fishes. Can. tech. Rep. Fish, aquat. Sci., no. 1457, 68 pp.
Matthews, W. J. (1987) Geographic variation in Cyprinella lutrensis (Pisces:Cyprinidae) in the United States, with notes on Cyprinella lepida. Copeia, 1987, 616–637.
Matthews, W. J., Jenkins, R. E. and Styron, J. T. jun. (1982) Systematics of two forms of blacknose dace, Rhinchthys atratulus (Pisces: Cyprinidae) in a zone of syntopy, with a review of the species group. Copeia, 1982, 902–920.
Mayden, R. L. (1988) Systematics of the Notropis zonatus species group, with description of a new species from the interior highlands of North America. Copeia, 1988, 153–173.
Miller, D. L. and Behnke, R. J. (1985) Two new intergeneric hybrids from the Bonneville Basin, Utah. Copeia, 1985, 509–514.
Misra, R. K. and Ni, I.-H. (1983) Distinguishing beaked redfishes (deepwater redfish, Sebastes mentella and Labrador redfish, S. fasciatus) by discriminant analysis (with covariance) and multivariate analysis of covariance. Can. J. Fish, aquat. Sci., 40, 1507–1511.
Morrison, D. F. (1967) Multivariate Statistical Methods, McGraw-Hill, New York, 338 pp.
Neff, N. A. and Smith, G. R. Multivariate analysis of hybrid fishes. Syst. Zool., 28, 176–196.
Owen, J. G. and Chmielewski, M. A. (1985) On canonical variates analysis and the construction of confidence ellipses in systematic studies. Syst. Zool., 34, 366–374.
Pankakoski, E., Vaisanen, R. A. and Nurmi, K. (1987) Variability of muskrat skulls: measurement error, environmental modification, and size allometry. Syst. Zool., 36, 35–51.
Pimentel, R. A. and Riggins, R. (1987) The nature of cladistic data. Cladistics, 3, 201–209.
Read, D. W. and Lestrel, P. E. (1986) Comment on uses of homologous-point measures in systematics: a reply to Bookstein et al. Syst Zool., 35, 241–253.
Reist, J. D. (1986) An empirical evaluation of coefficients used in residual and allometric adjustment of size covariation. Can. J. Zool., 64, 1363–1368.
Reyment, R. A. (1986) Review: F. L. Bookstein, B. Chemoff, R. Elder, J. Humphries, G. Smith, and R. Strauss. 1985. Morphometrics in Evolutionary Biology. Biometrics, 42, 1002–1003.
Rohlf, F. J. and Archie, J. W. (1978) Least-squares mapping using interpoint distances. Ecology, 59, 126–132.
Rohlf, F. J., and Archie, J. W. (1984) A comparison of Fourier methods for the description of wing shape in mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Syst. Zool., 33, 302–317.
Rohlf, F. J. and Bookstein, F. L. (1987) A comment on shearing as a method for “size correction”. Syst. Zool., 36, 356–367.
Rohlf, F. J. and Ferson, S. (1983) Image analysis, Numerical Taxonomy (NATO ASI Ser. G, Ecol. Sci., no. 1) (ed. J. Felsenstein), Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 583–599.
Rohlf, F. J., Gilmartin, A. J. and Hart, G. (1983) The Kluge-Kerfoot phenomenon—a statistical artifact. Evolution, 37, 501–505.
Ross, M. R. and Cavender, T. M. (1981) Morphological analyses of four experimental intergeneric cyprinid hybrid crosses. Copeia, 1981, 377–387.
Schaefer, S. A. and Cavender, T. M. (1986) Geographic variation and subspecific status of Notropis spilopterus (Pisces: Cyprinidae). Copeia, 1986, 122–130.
Schindel, D. E. (1986) Essay review: morphometrics in evolutionary biology: the geometry of size and shape change, with examples from fishes. Am. J. Sci., 286, 510–512.
Shea, B. T. (1985) Bivariate and multivariate growth allometry. J. Zool., Lond., 206A, 367–390.
Smith, G. R. (1973) Analysis of several hybrid cyprinid fishes from western North America. Copeia, 1973, 395–410.
Smith, M. L. (1987) Review: Morphometrics in Evolutionary Biology. F. Bookstein, B.
Chernoff, R. Elder, J. Humphries, G. Smith, and R. Strauss, 1985. Cladistics, 3, 97–99.
Sokal, R. R. and Rohlf, F. J. (1981) Biometry, 2nd edn, W. H. Freeman, San Francisco, 857 pp.
Soulé, M. E. (1982) Allometric variation. 1. The theory and some consequences. Am. Nat., 120, 751–764.
Strauss, R. E. (1987) On allometry and relative growth in evolutionary studies. Syst. Zool., 36, 72–75.
Strauss, R. E. (1988) The importance of phylogenetic constraints in comparison of morphological structure among fish assemblages, in Community and Evolutionary Ecology of North American Stream Fishes, (eds. W. J. Matthews and D. C. Heins ), Univ. Oklahoma Press, Norman, Okla, pp. 136–143.
Strauss, R. E. and Bookstein, F. L. (1982) The truss: body form reconstruction in morphometrics. Syst. Zool., 31, 113–135.
Thompson, D’A. W. (1942) On Growth and Form, abridged edn (ed. J. T. Bonner), Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK, 346 pp.
Tissot, B. N. (1988) Geographic variation and heterochrony in two species of cowries (genus Cypraea). Evolution, 42, 103–117.
Vandermeer, J. H. (1966) Statistical analysis of geographic variation of the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas. Copeia, 1966, 457–466.
White, R. J., Prentice, H. C. and Verwijst, T. (1988) Automated image acquisition and morphometric description. Can. J. Bot., 66, 450–467.
Wie, K.-Y. and Kennett, J. P. (1988) Phyletic gradualism and punctuated equilibrium in the late Neogene planktonic foraminiferal clade Globoconella. Paleobiology, 14, 345–363.
Younker, J. L. and Ehrlich, R. (1977) Fourier biometrics: harmonic amplitudes as multivariate shape descriptors. Syst. Zool., 26, 336–342.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1991 Ian J. Winfield and Joseph S. Nelson
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Schaefer, S.A. (1991). Morphometric investigations in cyprinid biology. In: Winfield, I.J., Nelson, J.S. (eds) Cyprinid Fishes. Fish & Fisheries Series, vol 3. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3092-9_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3092-9_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-5369-3
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-3092-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive