Abstract
Gene expression involves a sequential flow of information. In the first stage of this process, known as transcription, one strand of double-stranded DNA is copied into an RNA. In contrast to DNA replication, the genome is not copied in its entirety. Rather, defined units of genetic information are copied into RNA molecules which may function as messenger (mRNA), form a component of ribosomes (rRNA) or have an adapter function (tRNA). All three of these RNA products take part in the subsequent stage of gene expression, known as translation, in which mRNAs are used as coded messages for the synthesis of protein. Translation is the subject of chapter 12.
Chapter PDF
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
References
Weiss, S. and Gladstone, L. (1959) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 81, 4118.
Chamberlin, M. J. (1976) in RNA Polymerase (eds R. Losick and M. Chamberlin), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, p. 159.
Chamberlin, M. J. (1982) in The Enzymes (ed. P. Boyer), Academic Press, New York, vol. 15, p. 61.
von Hippel, P. H., Bear, D. G., Morgan, W. D. and McSwiggen, J. A. (1984) Annu. Rev. Biochem., 53, 389.
Miller, J. A., Serio, G. F., Howard, R. A., Bear, J. L., Evans, J. E. and Kimball, A. P. (1979) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 579, 291.
Burgess, R. R., Travers, A. A., Dunn, J. J. and Bautz, E. K. (1969) Nature (London), 221, 43.
Zillig, W., Palm, P. and Heil, A. (1976) in RNA Polymerase (eds R. Losick and M. Chamberlin), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, p. 101.
Krakow, J. S., Rhodes, G. and Jovin, T. M. (1976) in RNA Polymerase (eds R. Losick and M. Chamberlin), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, p. 127.
Scaife, J. (1976) in RNA Polymerase (eds R. Losick and M. Chamberlin), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, p. 207.
McClure, W. R. (1985) Annu. Rev. Biochem., 54, 171.
Berg, O. G., Winter, R. B. and von Hippel, P. H. (1981) Biochemistry, 20, 6929.
von Hippel, P. H., Bear, D. G., Morgan, W. D. and McSwiggen, J. A. (1984) Annu. Rev. Biochem., 53, 389.
Winter, R. B., Berg, O. G. and von Hippel, P. H. (1981) Biochemistry, 20, 6961.
Park, C. S., Wu, F. Y-H. and Wu, C-W. (1982) J. Biol. Chem., 257, 6950.
Hannon, R., Richards, E. G. and Gould, H. J. (1986) EMBO J., 5, 3313.
Berg, O. G., Winter, R. B. and von Hippel, P. H. (1982) Trends Biochem. Sci., 7, 52.
Ricchetti, M., Metzger, W. and Heumann, H. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 85, 4610.
Metzger, W., Schickor, P. and Heumann, H. (1989) EMBO J., 8, 2745.
Rosenberg, H. and Court, D. (1979) Annu. Rev. Genet., 13, 319.
Siebenlist, U., Simpson, R. B. and Gilbert, W. (1980) Cell, 20, 269.
Hawley, D. K. and McClure, W. R. (1983) Nucleic Acids Res., 11, 2237.
Youderian, P., Bouvier, S. and Susskind, M. M. (1982) Cell, 30, 843.
Brunner, M and Bujard, H. (1987) EMBO J., 6, 3139.
O’Neil, M. C. (1989) J. Biol. Chem., 264, 5522.
Auble, D. T. and deHaseth, P. L. (1988) J. Mol. Biol. 202, 471.
Smith, G. R. (1981) Cell, 24, 599.
Waldberger, C., Gardella, T., Wong, R. and Suskind, M. (1990) J. Mol. Biol., 215, 267.
Liebig, H-D. and Rüger, W. (1989) J. Mol. Biol., 208, 517.
Buc, H. and McClure, W. R. (1985) Biochemistry, 24, 2712.
Buc, H. (1987) in Nucleic Acids and Mol. Biol. (eds Eckstein, F. and Lilley, D.) Springer, Heidelberg, vol. 1, 186.
Amouyal, M. and Buc, H. (1987) J. Mol. Biol., 195, 795.
Buc, H., Amouyal, M., Buckle, M., Herbert, M., Kolb, A. et al. (1987) in RNA Polymerase and the Regulation of Transcription (eds W. S. Retznikof et al.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, p. 115.
Krakow, J. S., Rhodes, G. and Jovin, T. M. (1976) in RNA Polymerase (eds R. Losick and M. Chamberlin), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, p. 127.
Krummel, B. and Chamberlin, M. J. (1989) Biochemistry, 28, 7829.
Stackhouse, T. M., Telusnitsky, A. P. and Meares, C. F. (1989) Biochemistry, 28, 7781.
Shimamoto, N., Kamigochi, T. and Utiyama, H. (1986) J. Biol. Chem., 261, 11859.
Liu, L. F. and Wang, J. C. (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 84, 7024.
Wu, H-Y., Shyy, S., Wang, J. C. and Liu, L. F. (1988) Cell, 53, 433.
Giaever, G. N. and Wang, J. C. (1988) Cell, 55, 849.
Tsao, Y-P., Wu, H-Y. and Liu, L. F. (1989) Cell, 56, 111.
Chamberlin, M. J., Nierman, W. C., Wiggs, J. and Neff, N. (1979) J. Biol. Chem., 254, 10061.
Kassavetis, G. A. and Chamberlin, M. J. (1981) J. Biol. Chem., 256, 2777.
Gamper, H. B. and Hearst, J. E. (1982) Cell, 29, 81.
Morgan, W. D., Bear, D. G. and von Hippel, P. H. (1983) J. Biol. Chem., 258, 9565.
Chamberiin, M., Kingston, R., Gilman, M., Wiggs, J. and de Vera, A. (1983) Methods Enzymol., 101, 540.
Adhya, S. and Gottesman, M. (1978) Annu. Rev. Biochem., 47, 967.
Bear, D. G. and Peabody, D. S. (1988) Trends. Biochem. Sci., 13, 343.
Richardson, J. P. (1991) Cell, 64, 1047.
Farnham, P. J. and Platt., T. (1981) Nucleic Acids Res., 9, 563.
Bertrand, K., Korn, L., Lee, F. and Yanofsky, C. (1977)J. Mol. Biol., 117, 227.
Martin. F. and Tinoco, I. (1980) Nucleic Acids Res., 8, 2295.
O’Hare, K. M. O. and Hayward, R. S. (1981) Nucleic Acids Res., 9, 4689.
Arndt, K. M. and Chamberlin, M. J. (1988) J. Mol. Biol., 202, 271.
Arndt, K. M. and Chamberlin, M. J. (1990) J. Mol. Biol., 213, 79.
Goliger, J. A., Yang, X., Guo, H-C. and Roberts, J. W. (1989) J. Mol. Biol., 205, 331.
Telisnitsky, A. and Chamberlin, M. J. (1989) J. Mol. Biol., 205, 315.
Roberts, J. W. (1969) Nature (London), 224, 1168.
Dombroski, A. J. and Platt, T. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 85, 2538.
McSwiggen, J. A., Bear, D. G. and von Hippel, P. H. (1988) J. Mol. Biol., 199, 609.
Bear, D. G., Hicks, P. S., Escudero, K. W., Andrews, C. L., McSwiggen, J. A. et al (1988) J. Mol. Biol. 199, 623.
Dombroski, A. J., LaDine, J., Cross, R. L. and Platt, T. (1988) J. Biol Chem., 263, 18810.
Brennan, C. A., Dombroski, A. J. and Platt, T. (1987) Cell, 48, 945.
Dombroski, A. J., Brennan, C. A., Spear, P. and Platt, T. (1988) J. Biol. Chem., 263, 18802.
Brennan, C. A., Steinmetz, E. J., Spear, P. and Platt, T. (1990) J. Biol. Chem., 265, 5440.
Morgan, W. D., Bear. D. G. and von Hippel, P. H. (1983) J. Biol. Chem., 258, 9565.
Faus, I. and Richardson, J. P. (1990) J. Mol. Biol., 212, 53.
Morgan, W. D., Bear, D. G. and von Hippel, P. H. (1984) J. Biol. Chem., 259, 8664.
Morgan, W. D., Bear, D. G., Litchman, B. L. and von Hippel, P. H. (1985) Nucleic Acids Res., 13, 3739.
Albrechtsen, B., Squires, C. L., Li, S. and Squires, C. (1990) J. Mol. Biol., 213, 123.
Sentenac, A. (1985) Crit. Rev. Biochem., 18, 31.
Sawadogo, M. and Sentenac, A. (1990) Annu. Rev. Biochem., 59, 711.
Woychick, N. A. and Young, R. A. (1990) Trends Bichem Sci., 15, 347.
Geiduschek, E. P. and Tocchini-Valentini, G. P. (1988) Annu. Rev. Biochem., 57, 873.
Sollner-Webb, B. and Mougey, E. B. (1991) Trends Biochem. Sci., 16, 58.
Anderson, J. A., Juntz, G. P. P., Evans, H. H. and Swift, T. J. (1971) Biochemistry, 10, 4368.
De Mercoyrol, L., Job, C. and Job, D. (1989) Biochem. J., 258, 165.
Himmelfarb, H. J., Simpson, E. M. and Friesen, J. D. (1987) Mol. Cell. Biol., 7, 2155.
Lewis, M. K. and Burgess, R. R. (1982) in The Enzymes (ed. P. Boyer), Academic Press, New York, vol. 15, p. 109.
Kolodziej, P. A., Woychick, N. A., Lao, S. M. and Young, R. A. (1990) Mol. Cell. Biol., 10, 1915.
Martin, C., Okamura, S. and Young, R. (1990) Mol. Cell. Biol., 10, 1908.
Corden, J. L. (1990) Trends. Biochem. Sci., 15, 383.
Laybourn, P. L. and Dahmus, M. E. (1990) J. Biol. Chem., 265, 13 165.
Allison, L. A. and Ingles, C. J. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 86, 2794.
Kolodkiej, P. and Young, R. A. (1989) Mol. Cell. Biol., 9, 5387.
Riva, M., Christophe, C., Sentenac, A., Grachev, M. A., Mustaev, A. A. et al. (1990) J. Biol. Chem., 265, 16 498.
Woychick, N. A., Liao, S. M., Kolodziej, P. A. and Young, R. A. (1990) Genes Devel., 4, 313.
Wu, G-J. (1978) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 75, 2175.
Weil, P. A., Segall, J., Harris, B., Ng, S. Y. and Roeder, R. G. (1979) J. Biol. Chem., 254, 6163.
Birkenmeier, E. H., Brown, D. D. and Jordan, E. (1978) Cell, 15, 1077.
Weil, P. A., Luse, D. S., Segall, J. and Roeder, R. G. (1979) Cell, 18, 469.
Wasylyk, B., Kedinger, C., Corden, J., Brison, O. and Chambon. P. (1980) Nature (London), 285, 367.
Grummt, I. (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 78, 727.
Grummt, I., Roth, E. and Paule, M. R. (1982) Nature (London), 296, 173.
Brown, D. P. and Gurdon, J. B. (1977) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 74, 2064.
Pellicer, A., Robins, D., Wold, B., Sweet, R., Jackson, J. et al. (1980) Science, 209, 1414.
Hamer, D. and Leder, P. (1979) Cell, 21, 697.
Mellon, P., Parker, V., Gluzrnan, Y. and Manniatis, T. (1981) Cell, 27, 279.
Goldberg, M. (1979) Ph.D. thesis, Stanford University, California.
Brady, J., Radonovitch, M., Vodkin, M., Natarajan, V., Thoren, M. et al. (1982) Cell, 31, 625.
Skuzeski, J. M., Lund, E., Murphy, J. T., Steinberg, T. H., Bargess, R. R. and Dahlberg, J. E. (1984) J. Biol. Chem., 259, 8345.
Dynan, W. S. (1988) Trends Genet., 2, 196.
McKnight, S. L. (1982) Cell, 31, 355.
Everett, R. D., Baly, D. and Chambon, P. (1983) Nucleic Acids Res., 11, 2447.
Dierks, P., van Ooyen, A., Cochran, M. D., Dobkin, C., Reiser, J. and Weissmann, C. (1983) Cell, 32, 695.
Conaway, J. W., Reines, D. and Conaway, R. C. (1990) J. Biol. Chem., 265, 7552.
Conaway, R. C. and Conaway, J. W. (1990) J. Biol. Chem., 265, 7559.
Kitajima, S., Kawaguchi, T., Yasukochi, Y. and Weissman, S. M. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 86, 6106.
Kitajima, S., Tanaka, Y., Kawaguchi, T., Nagaoka, T., Sherman, M. et al. (1990) Nucleic Acids Res., 18, 4843.
Sopta, M., Burton, Z. F. and Greenblatt, J. (1989) Nature (London), 341, 410.
Flores, O., Ha, I. and Reinberg, D. (1990) J. Biol. Chem., 265, 5629.
Horikoshi, M., Yamamoto, T., Ohkuma, Y., Weil, P. A. and Roeder, R. G. (1990) Cell, 61, 1171.
Hahn, S., Buratowski, S., Sharp, P. A. and Guarente, L. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 86, 5718.
Lewin, B. (1990) Cell, 61, 1161.
Van Dyke, M. W., Roeder, R. G. and Sawadogo, M. (1988) Science, 241, 1335.
Hoey, T., Dynlacht, B. D., Peterson, M. G., Pugh, B. F. and Tjian, R. (1990) Cell, 61, 1179.
Hoffmann, A., Sinn, E., Yamamoto, T., Wang, J., Roy, A. et al. (1990) Nature (London), 346, 387.
Pugh, B. F. and Tjian, R. (1990) Cell, 61, 1187.
Stringer, K. F., Ingles, C. J. and Greenblatt, J. (1990) Nature (London), 345, 783.
Horikoshi, M., Carey, M. F., Kakidani, H. and Roeder, R. G. (1988) Cell, 54, 665.
Sollner-Webb, B. (1988) Cell, 52, 153.
Palmer, J. M. and Folk, W. M. (1990) Trends Biochem. Sci., 15, 300.
Sakonja, S., Bogenhagen, D. F. and Brown, D. D. (1980) Cell, 19, 13.
Bogenhagen, D. F., Sakonju, S. and Brown, D. D. (1980) Cell, 19, 27.
Cozzarelli, N. R., Gerrard, S. P., Schüssel, M., Brown, D. D. and Bogenhagen, D. F. (1983) Cell, 34, 829.
Engelke, D. R., Ng, S-Y., Shastry, B. S. and Roeder, R. G. (1980) Cell, 19, 717.
Bogenhagen, D. F. (1985) J. Biol. Chem., 260, 6466.
Windsor, W. T., Lee, T. C., Daly, T. J. and Wu, C. W. (1988) J. Biol. Chem., 263, 10272.
Bieker, J. J., Martin, P. L. and Roeder, R. G. (1985) Cell, 40, 119.
Hall, B. D., Clarkson, S. G. and Toccini-Valentini, G. (1982) Cell, 29, 3.
Gabrielsen, O. S., Marzouki, N., Ruet, A., Sentenac, A. and Frogageot, P. (1989) J. Biol. Chem., 264, 7505.
Schultz, P., Marzouki, N., Marck, C., Ruet, A., Oudet, P. et al. (1989) EMBO J., 8, 3815.
Johnson, D. L. and Wilson, S. L. (1989) Mol. Cell. Biol., 9, 2018.
Kassavetis, G. A., Braun, B. R., Nguyen, L. H. and Geiduschek, E. P. (1990) Cell, 60, 235.
Huibregtse, J. M. and Engelke, D. R. (1989) Mol. Cell. Biol., 9, 3244.
Tyler, B. M. (1987) J. Mol. Biol., 196, 801.
Murphy, S., Moorefield, B. and Pieler, T. (1989) Trends Genet, 5, 122.
Moenne, A., Camier, S., Anderson, G., Margottin, F., Beggs, J. and Sentenac, A. (1990) EMBO J., 9, 271.
Waibel, F. and Filipowicz, W. (1990) Nature (London), 346, 199.
Kleinert, H., Bredow, S. and Benecke, B. L. (1990) EMBO J., 9, 111.
Murphy, S., Peirani, A., Scheidereit, C., Melli, M. and Roeder, R. G. (1989) Cell, 59, 1071.
Wolffe, A. P. and Brown, D. D. (1988) Science, 241, 1626.
Blanco, J., Milstein, L., Razik, M. A., Dilworth, S., Cote, C. and Gottesfeld, J. (1989) Genes Devel., 3, 1602.
Moss, T. (1982) Cell, 30, 835.
Grummt, I., Roth, E. and Paule, M. (1982) Nature (London), 296, 173.
Onishi, T., Berglund, C. and Reeder, R. H. (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 81, 484.
Haltina, M. M., Smale, S. T. and Tjian, R. (1986) Mol. Cell. Biol., 6, 227.
Jones, M. H., Learned, R. M. and Tjian, R. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. USA., 85, 669.
Cassidy, B., Hagland, R. and Rothblum, L. (1987) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 909, 133.
Yang-Yen, H-F. and Rothblum, L. (1988) Mol. Cell. Biol., 8, 3406.
Henderson, S. L. and Sollner-Webb, B. (1990) Mol. Cell. Biol., 10, 4970.
Miller, J. R., Hayward, D. C. and Glover, D. M. (1983) Nucleic Acids Res., 11, 11.
Simeone, A., La Volpe, A. and Boncinelli, E. (1985) Nucleic Acids Res., 13, 1189.
Labhart, P. and Reeder, R. H. (1984) Cell, 37, 285.
Reeder, R. H. (1984) Cell, 38, 349.
Pikaard, C. S., Pape, L. K., Henderson, S. L., Ryan, K., Paalman, M. H. et al. (1990) Mol. Cell. Biol. 10, 4816.
Smith, S. D., Oriahi, E., Yang-Yen, H-F., Xie, W., Chen, C. et al. (1990) Nucleic Acids Res., 18, 1677.
Moss, T. (1983) Nature (London), 302, 223.
Bell, S. P., Learned, R. M., Jantzen, H-M. and Tjian, R. (1988) Science, 241, 1192.
Pikaard, C. S., Smith, S. D., Reeder, R. H. and Rothblum, L. (1990) Mol. Cell. Biol., 10, 3810.
Pikaard, C. S., McStay, B., Schultz, M. C., Bell, S. P. and Reeder, R. H. (1989) Genes Devel.,3, 1779.
Learned, R. M., Cordes, S. and Tjian, R. (1985) Mol. Cell. Biol., 5, 1358.
Bell, S. P., Jantzen, H-M. and Tjian, R. (1990) Genes Devel., 4, 943.
Learned, R. M., Learned, T. K., Haitiner, M. M. and Tjian, R. (1986) Cell, 45, 847.
Bell, S. P., Learned, R. M., Jantzen, H-M. and Tjian, R. (1988) Science, 241, 1192.
Bell, S. P., Pikaard, C. S., Reeder, R. H. and Tjian, R. (1989) Cell, 59, 489.
Tower, J. and Solner-Webb, B. (1987) Cell, 50, 873.
Schnapp, A., Pfleiderer, C., Rosenbauer, H. and Grummt, I. (1990) EMBO J., 9, 2857.
Mahajan, P. B. and Thompson, E. A. (1990) J. Biol. Chem., 265, 16 225.
Mahajan, P. B., Gokal, P. B. and Thompson, E. A. (1990) J. Biol. Chem., 265, 16 244.
Baker, S. M. and Platt, T. (1986) Cell, 47, 839.
Labhart, P. and Reeder, R. H. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 86, 3155.
Proudfoot, N. J. and Whitelaw, E. (1988) in Frontiers in Molecular Biology, IRL Press, Oxford, p. 97.
Citron, B., Falck-Pederson, E., Salditt-Georgieff, M. and Darnell, J. E. (1984) Nucleic Acids Res., 12, 8723.
Haggenbüchle, O., Welleur, P. K., Cribbs, D. L. and Schibier, U. (1984) Cell, 38, 737.
Proudfoot, N. J. (1989) Trends Biochem. Sci., 14, 105.
Whitelaw, E. and Proudfoot, N. J. (1986) EMBO J., 5, 2915.
Logan, J., Falck-Pederson, E., Darnell, J. E. and Shenk, T. (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 84, 8306.
Connelly, S. and Manley, J. L. (1988) Genes Devel., 2, 440.
Lanoix, J. and Acheson, N. H. (1988) EMBO J., 7, 2515.
Kunkel, G. R. and Pedersen, T. (1985) Mol. Cell. Biol., 5, 2332.
Ciliberto, G., Dathan, N., Frank, R., Philip-son, L. and Mattaj, I. W. (1986) EMBO J., 5, 2931.
Hernandez, N. and Weiner, A. M. (1986) Cell, 47, 249.
Briggs, D., Jackson, D., Whitelaw, E. and Proudfoot, N. J. (1989) Nucleic Acids Res., 17, 8061.
Bogenhagen, D. F. and Brown, D. D. (1981) Cell, 24, 261.
Koski, R., Clarkson, S. G., Kurjan, J., Hall, B. D. and Smith, M. (1980) Cell, 22, 415.
Traboni, C., Ciliberto, G. and Cortese, R. (1984) Cell, 36, 179.
Gottesfeld, J. M., Andrews, D. L. and Hoch, S. O. (1984) Nucleic Acids Res., 12, 3185.
Gottlieb, E. and Steitz, J. A. (1987) in RNA Polymerase and the Regulation of Transcription (eds W. S. Reznikoff et al.), Elsevier, New York, p. 465.
Stefano, J. E. (1984) Cell, 36, 145.
Gottlieb, E. and Steitz, J. A. (1989) EMBO J., 8, 851.
Bachmann, M., Pfiefer, K., Schröder, H. C. and Müller, W. (1990) Cell, 60, 85.
Labhart, P. and Reeder, R. H. (1986) Cell, 45, 431.
Labhart, P and Reeder, R. H. (1987) Mol. Cell Biol., 7, 1900.
Labhart, P. and Reeder, R. H. (1990) Genes Devel., 4, 269.
McStay, B. and Reeder, R. H. (1990) Genes Devel., 4, 1240.
McStay, B. and Reeder, R. H. (1990) Mol. Cell. Biol., 10, 2793.
Grummt, I., Maier, U., Öhrlein, A., Hassouna, N. and Bachellerie, J-P. (1985) Cell, 43, 801.
Grummt, I., Rosenbauer, H., Niedermyer, I., Maier, U. and Örhlein, A. (1986) Cell, 45, 837.
Kuhn, A. and Grummt, I. (1989) Genes Devel., 3, 224.
Bartsch, I., Schoneberg, C. and Grummt, I. (1988) Mol. Cell. Biol., 8, 3891.
Pfiederer, C., Smid, A., Bartsch, I. and Grummt, I. (1990) Nucleic Acids Res., 18, 4727.
Cook, P. R. (1989) Eur. J. Biochem., 185, 487.
Roberge, M., Duhmas, M. E. and Bradbury, E. M. (1988) J. Mol. Biol., 201, 545.
Robinson, S. I., Small, D., Idzerda. R., McKnight, G. S. and Vogelstein, B. (1983) Nucleic Acids Res., 11, 5113.
Ciejek, E. M., Tsai, M-J. and O’Malley, B. W. (1983) Nature (London), 306, 607.
Hentzen, P. C., Rho, J. H. and Bekhor, I. (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 81, 304.
Kirov, N., Djondjurov, L. and Roumen. T. (1984) J. Mol. Biol., 180, 601.
Jost, J-P. and Seldran, M. (1984) EMBO J., 3, 2005.
Mirkovitch, J., Mirault, M-E. and Laemmli, U. K. (1984) Cell, 39, 223.
Jackson, D. A. and Cook, P. R. (1985) EMBO J., 4, 919.
Jackson, D. A., Yuan, J. and Cook, P. R. (1988) J. Cell. Sci., 90, 365.
Levy-Wilson, B. and Fortier, C. (1989) J. Biol. Chem., 264, 21196.
Strätling, W. H., Dölle, A. and Sippel, A. E. (1986) Biochemistry, 25, 495.
Phi Van, L. and Stätling, W. H. (1988) EMBO J., 7, 655.
Jarman, A. P. and Higgs, D. R. (1988) EMBO J., 7, 3337.
Cockerill, P. N., Yuen, M-H. and Garrard, W. T. (1987) J. Biol. Chem., 262, 5394.
Steif, A., Winter, D. M.,Strätling, W. H. and Sippel, A. E. (1989) Nature (London), 341, 343.
Kuo, M. T. (1982) J. Cell. Biol., 93, 278.
Schinkel, A. H. and Tabak, H. F. (1989) Trends Genet., 5, 149.
Fisher, R. P., Topper, J. N. and Clayton, D. A. (1987) Cell, 50, 247.
Chang, D. D., Fisher, R. P. and Clayton, D. A. (1987) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 909, 85.
Kelly, J. L. and Lehman, I. R. (1986) J. Biol. Chem., 261, 10340.
Schinkel, A. H., Groot Koerkamp, M. and Tabak, H. F. (1988) EMBO J., 7, 3255.
Kubelik, A. R., Kennel, J. C., Akins, R. A. and Lambowitz, A. M. (1990) J. Biol. Chem., 265, 4515.
Levings, C. S. and Brown, G. G. (1989) Cell, 56, 171.
Mullet, J. E. (1988) Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol., 39,475.
Gruissem, W. (1989) in The Biochemistry of Plants: a Comprehensive Treatise, vol. 15, p. 151.
Gruissem, W. (1989) Cell, 56, 161.
Reiss, T. and Link, G. (1985) Eur. J. Biochem., 148, 207.
Narita, J. O., Rushlow, K. E. and Hallick, R. B. (1985) J. Biol. Chem., 260, 11 194.
Orozco, E. M., Mullet, J. E. and Chua, N. H. (1985) Nucleic Acids Res., 13, 1283.
Ishihama, A. and Nagata, K. (1988) Crit. Rev. Biochem., 23, 27.
Studier, F. W. and Dunn, J. J. (1983) Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 47, 999.
Davanloo, P., Rosenberg, A. H., Dunn, J. J. and Studier, F. W. (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 81, 2035.
Gunderson, S. L, Chapman, K. A. and Burgess, R. R. (1987) Biochemistry, 26, 1539.
Chamberlin, M. and Ryan, T. (1982) in The Enzymes (ed. P. Boyer), Academic Press, New York, vol. 15, p. 87.
Klement, J. F., Moorefield, M. B., Jorgenson, E., Brown, J. E., Risman, S. et al. (1990) J. Mol. Biol., 215, 21.
Buer, R., Bankier, A. T., Biggin, M. D., Deininger, P. L., Farell, P. J. et al. (1984) Nature (London), 310, 207.
Arrand, J. R. and Rymo, L. (1982) J. Virol. 41, 376.
Moss, B. (1990) Annu. Rev. Biochem., 59, 661.
Traktman, P. (1990) Cell, 62, 621.
Nevins, J. R. and Joklik, W. K. (1977) J. Biol. Chem., 252, 6930.
Broyles, S. S., Yuen, L., Shuman, S. and Moss, B. (1988) J. Biol. Chem., 263, 10754.
Shuman, S. (1990) J. Biol. Chem., 265, 11 960.
Shuman, S and Morham, S. G. (1990) J. Biol. Chem., 265, 11 967.
Blumenthal, T. (1982) in The Enzymes (ed. P. D. Boyer), Academic Press, New York, vol. 15, p. 267.
Mills, D. R., Priano, C., DiMauro, P. and Binderow, B. D. (1989) J. Mol. Biol., 205, 751.
Paul, A. V., Yang, C. F., Jang, S-K., Kuhn, R. J., Tada, H. et al. (1987) Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 52, 343.
Tobin, G. J., Young, D. C. and Flanegan, J. B. (1989) Cell, 59, 511.
Crawford, N. M. and Baltimore, D. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 80, 7452.
Takeda, N., Yang, C. F., Kuhn, R. J. and Wimmer, E. (1987) Virus Res., 8, 193.
Baltimore, D. (1984) in The Microbe 1984, Society for General Biology Symposium, 36, part 1 (eds B. W. J. Mahy and J. R. Pattison), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p. 109.
Ongradi, J., Cunningham, C. and Szilagyi, J. F. (1985) J. Gen. Virol., 66, 1011.
De, B. P. and Banerjee, A. K. (1985) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 126, 40.
Banerjee, A. K. (1987) Miocrobiol. Rev., 51, 66.
Plotch, S., Bouloy, M., Ulmanen, I. and Krug, R. M. (1981) Cell, 23, 847.
Krug, R. M. (1981) Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol., 93, 125.
Krug, R. M. (1985) Cell, 41, 651.
Wagner, R. R. (1975) in Comprehensive Virology (eds H. Fraenkel-Conrat and R. R. Wagner), Plenum Press, New York, vol. 4, p. 1.
Alifano, P., Rivellini, F., Limauro, D., Bruni, C. B. and Carlomagno, S. (1991) Cell, 64, 553.
Zhang, J. and Corden, J. L. (1991) J. Biol. Chem., 266, 2297.
Sumimoto, H., Ohkuma, Y., Yamamoto, T., Horikoshi, M. and Roeder, R. G. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 87, 9158.
Johnson, P. F. and McKnight, S. (1989) Annu. Rev. Biochem., 58, 799.
Horikoshi, M., Hai, T., Lin, Y-S., Green, M. R. and Roeder, R. G. (1988) Cell, 54, 1033.
Reeder, R. H. (1990) Trends Genet., 6, 390.
Pikaard, C. S., McStay, B., Schultz, M. C., Bell, S. P. and Reeder, R. H. (1989) Genes Devel., 3, 1779.
Reeder, R. H. (1989) Curr. Opinion Cell Biol., 1, 466.
Chodchoy, N., Pandey, R. N. and Marzluff, W. F. (1991) Mol. Cell. Biol., 11, 497.
Muller, D. K., Martin, C. T. and Coleman, J. E. (1989) Biochemistry, 28, 3306.
Lescure, A., Carbon, P. and Krol, A. (1991) Nucleic Acids Res., 19, 435.
Platt, T. (1981) Cell, 24, 10.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1992 Roger L. P. Adams, John T. Knowler and David P. Leader
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Adams, R.L.P., Knowler, J.T., Leader, D.P. (1992). RNA biosynthesis. In: The Biochemistry of the Nucleic Acids. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2290-0_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2290-0_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-0-412-39940-4
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-2290-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive