Comparison of Several Methods of Lithofacies Simulation on the Fluvial Gypsy Sandstone of Oklahoma

Abstract

This paper compares simulations of lithofacies in a fluvial environment generated using three different simulation techniques. The methods used are: Simulated Annealing using a training image, Sequential Indicator Simulation, and the Threshold Gaussian Functions. They have in common the use of two-point statistics. The goal of such simulation techniques is to be able to provide equiprobable images of the sedimentary heterogeneity of a subsurface reservoir of this type. It is desirable that the images retain the main geological features of this environment while representing the local variability that may be smoothed in reservoir models developed deterministically from conceptual geological model. The geological heterogeneities can then be assessed for their impact on reservoir performance. After a description of the geological environment, and a brief presentation of the three techniques, an example of a 2D simulation of the outcrop is described, followed by a 3D example.