Abstract
Lice are parasitic insects which spend their entire life cycle on the host, never voluntarily leaving it except to transfer to a new host; both sexes of the adult and all nymphal stages suck blood. They are highly host specific, so if an animal louse transfers to a human it will be unable to establish an infestation. It is something of a shock to the Westerner in the last decade of the twentieth century to discover that wherever there is a human population, irrespective of the level of cultural and social development, human lice are present.
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Ibarra, J. (1993). Lice (Anoplura). In: Lane, R.P., Crosskey, R.W. (eds) Medical Insects and Arachnids. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1554-4_15
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1554-4_15
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